Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Agung Nugroho

Institutions
Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University

Abstract
Sungkai wood (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of prominent materials used for production of furniture and other decorative elements in Kalimantan and Sumatra due to its beautiful fiber and color, and also its fairly smooth texture. Since of massive production, the waste resulted from the processing of sungkai wood are very abundant. Utilization of sawdust or wood shavings of sungkai still generates a relatively low value. In order to increase the value of sawdust and wood shavings of sungkai, this research was aimed to identify the characteristics and performance of bio-briquette produced from the sawdust and wood shaving of sungkai. This research was performed by evaluating the characteristics and performance of bio-briquettes produced from three concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) of glue material made from tapioca starch. The results show that, except of the volatile matter, all parameters of the characteristics and performance of the tested briquettes comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of briquette product. The characteristics and performance of the tested briquettes at the lowest levels are follows: water content (4.52%; SNI: max 8%), ash content (4.36%; SNI: max: 8%), volatile matter (42%; SNI max: 15%), density (0.46 g/cm3; SNI: 0.45-0.85 g/cm3), combustion time (0.14 g/min), ignition time (2.5 second/g), and calorific value (5.889 kcal/kg; SNI: min 5000 kcal/kg). It requires optimization on the carbonization process in order to reduce the volatile matter.

Keywords
briquette, calorific value, combustion time, Peronema canescens, sungkai, wood.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fcn3VArjxtEq

Corresponding Author
Amanda Pricella Putri

Institutions
a. Environmental Management Study Program. Graduate School of Hasanuddin University
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi
*email :ransipasae[at]gmail.com
b. Chemistry Department. Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.
c. Biology Department. Faculty of Mathematics and Science of Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.

Abstract
Abstract The seaweed processing industry uses potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the process of cooking seaweed, while the galvanized industry uses hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the pickling process. Wastewater from both types of industry can cause environmental pollution if it is not managed properly. This study aims to utilize wastewater from the seaweed processing industry and the galvanized industry to produce KCl liquid fertilizer as one of the environmental management efforts while providing economic value for waste. Quality of wastewater from the seaweed processing industry, wastewater from the galvanized industry, KCl liquid fertilizer and heavy metals content in fertilizers was analyzed through experimental testing using the SNI and AOAC method. The results showed that wastewater from seaweed processing industry can be used together with wastewater from the galvanized industry to produce KCl liquid fertilizer that fulfills the requirements of SNI 02-2805: 2005 and Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 43/Permentan/SR.140/8/2011. Potassium content as K2O from KCl liquid fertilizer produced ranged from 727 - 16443 ppm, where the value is higher than the standard according to SNI 02-2805: 2005 of 600 ppm. The content of heavy metals in the liquid fertilizer produced also fulfills the requirements of the Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 43/Permentan/SR.140/8/2011. The range of the contents of heavy metals contained in liquid fertilizer, sequently, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb are 0.0032 - 0.034 ppm, 0 - 0.0007 ppm, 0.0064 - 0.0546 ppm, and 0.0006 - 0.3497 ppm, where the values this is lower than the standard according to Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 43/Permentan/SR.140/8/2011 that is As (max 100 ppm), Hg (max 10 ppm), Cd (max 100 ppm), and Pb (max 500 ppm).

Keywords
wastewater of seaweed processing industry, wastewater galvanized industry, KCl liquid fertilizer, heavy metals.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/auNDvfrHYdgh

Corresponding Author
Nursiah La Nafie

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Eucheuma spinosum is one of seaweed species that can be found abundantly in Takalar Regency. The biomass of this seaweed has been used to remove Mn(II) ion from the aqueous solution via the adsorption process using E.spinosum. The adsorption of Mn(II) ion was studied in various contact time, pH and concentration. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was an instrument used to determine the amount of ion before and after adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to study the adsorption isotherms of the ion. The results showed that the optimum time obtained was 20 minutes and the optimum pH was 4. The Freundlich isotherm fitted the adsorption of ion Mn(II) using E. spinosum with the capacity (Qo) of 9.07 mg/g. The functional group involved in biosorption of Mn(II) metal ions was hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Keywords
Eucheuma spinosum, biosorpyion, Mn(II), Freundlich and Langmuir

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UECzAmZkGqY8

Corresponding Author
Parea Rusan Rangan

Institutions
University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
The geopolymer of fly ash (FA), rice straw ash (RSA) and laterite soil (LS) was prepared. The strength of the geopolymer mortar with FA/RSA/LS percentage ratio of 41,67/16,67/41,67 was tested. The geopolymer was activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Effect on air curing on compressive strength as well as the optimum mix proportion of geopolymer mortar was investigated. It is possible to achieve compressive strengths of 1.64 N/mm2, 1.72 N/mm2 and 3.22 N/mm2, respectively for the 12 M sodium hidroxide-activated geopolymer mortar after 3, 7 and 28 days of casting when air cured. Results indicated that the increase in curing period increased the compressive strength.

Keywords
fly ash, rice straw ash, laterite soil, geopolymer mortar

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8mpn9ALvTujQ

Corresponding Author
Humayatul Ummah Syarif

Institutions
1Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering Department, Fajar University, Indonesia,
2Lecturer of Phisics Department, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Abstract
The chemical composition of rice husk obtained after the process comparing to before the process of distillation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study using SEM, there is an increase before and after the process distillation. For 100% Normalized Sum matrix is 2.37% (before the process) and 2.82% (after the process). It means that there is an increase percentage of about 0.45%.

Keywords
Distillation, Briquettes Absorber, Rice Husk, Clean Water

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j8HxBCnAP4Uc

Corresponding Author
Gatokhasan Syamsuddin

Institutions
University of Hasanuddin

Abstract
Water that flows in channels in free conditions is water that flows in open channels and comes into contact with free air. All flows that enter the open channel system are designed to flow by gravity. The Open channels can be divided into two types, namely artificial and natural channels. Open channels encountered in technical, semi-technical, and non-prigmatic irrigation. Research is carried out in line Secondary Regional Irrigation Alitta village Bentenge Subdistrict Paleteang district Pinrang the channel reviewed is a secondary channel which has a different type of channel, namely the masonry channel, concrete lining channel, precast concrete channel, and soil channel which is influenced by 3 door openings, namely 20 cm openings, 30 cm openings and 40 cm openings.

Keywords
Door, Oppening, Flow velocity, Type channel

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TpwKgQ9nyfqd

Corresponding Author
Fadhilah Trya Wulandari

Institutions
a) Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Universitas Hasanuddin
*bento_fathir[at]ymail.com
**faridsamawi[at]unhas.ac.id
***maming.gappa[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Adsorben is one of the alternative media for processing waste water. The aim of our study is to reduce metal ions content that were Fe(III) dan Cu(II) in the laboratory liquid waste by using of cocoa pods husk M45 (Theobroma Cacao) as a biosorbent. This research was carried out through two systems, that were batch and continuous systems. Batch system was conducted to determine optimum contact time, pH optimum, and adsorption capacity, whereas continuous sytem was intended to determine adsorbent height and the maximum flow rate of laboratory liquid waste. The methods used in this study were adsorption and filtration. The adsorption results were analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Study results found that the optimum conditions of cocoa pods husk M45 (Theobroma Cacao) adsorption for metal ions content, Fe(III) dan Cu(II) were for 90 minutes and at pH of 6 in the system batch. The optimum flow rate of the continuous system was at 6.166 mL/sekon with an adsorbent height of 15 cm in the 2 inch adsorption column. The adsorption capacity of adsorbent for Fe(III) metal ion was at 11.074 mg/g and 28.4091 mg/g for Cu(II), respectively based on the Langmuir isothermal method.

Keywords
Adsorben, heavy metal, cacao, batch, continuos.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gCRPkbdGYHLx

Corresponding Author
Amanda Pricella Putri

Institutions
a. Agricultural Science Program. Graduate School of Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.
b. Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros, Indonesia.
Jl. Makmur Daeng Sitakka No.129, Raya, Kec. Turikale, Kabupaten Maros, Sulawesi Selatan
c. Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.

Abstract
ABSTRACT Productions and utilizations of organic fertilizers originating from solid waste of super intensive shrimp farms to reduce the amount of wastewater released to the surrounding areas and its environmental impacts, are recommended to support both aquaculture and agriculture industries. This study was aimed to evaluate growth of natural feed (plankton and lablab) fertilized by organic fertilizer originating from super intensive shrimp farm and other different fertilizers. Completely randomized design was applied in this study with four treatments and three replications. The following treatments were urea + SP-36 + organic fertilizers originating from intensive shrimp farm + isolated shrimp ponds bacteria ISO (A), urea + SP-36 + commercial organic fertilizer (B), Urea + SP-36 + chicken manure fertilizer (C) and control, (urea + SP-36) (D). The dosages of fertilizers were: urea 200 kg/ha, SP-36 100 kg/ha, and organic fertilizers (solid waste originating from super intensive shrimp farm, commercial organic fertilizer and chicken manure fertilizer) 2000 kg/ha. The measured variables were species composition and abundance of phytoplankton, biomass of lablab, and water quality. The results of this study indicated that treatments A and B resulted high in number of plankton genera, which was 19 genera, whereas treatments C and D only 10 genera. The highest mean abundance of plankter was found in Treatment A, which was 14,571 ind/L, followed by Treatment B, 9,489 ind/L; Treatment C was 8,717 ind/L and the lowest was found in Treatment D, 5,066 ind/L. The dominant phytoplankton observed in this study was Oscillatoria sp. whereas the most observed zooplankton was Branchionus sp. The mean biomass of lablab produced from solid waste originating from super intensive shrimp farm was 4.35 g/100 cm2 which was not significantly different (p>0.05) from Treatments B and C, yet significantly different (p<0,05) from the control. The water quality variables measured during this study was within the acceptance values for natural feed productions.

Keywords
lablab, solid waste, plankton, organic fertilizers, super intensive shrimp farm

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PTfqAJdjHRw8

Corresponding Author
Amanda Pricella Putri

Institutions
a. Environmental Engineering, Environmental Management Study Program. Graduate School of Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.
*email: astutiindah_amalia[at]yahoo.co.id
b. Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries. Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.
c. Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine. Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.

Abstract
Abstract Liquid smoke is an acetic acid (vinegar) obtained by dry distillation of the raw materials of smoke originating from coconut shell, coconut fiber or maximal heated wood. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid smoke to the growth of Thrips tabaci pests on chili plants, as well as ecological values, social, and economic and easy to develop in the community.This research begins with the manufacture of liquid smoke treatment equipment, then coconut shell is dried until it-s the concentration is reduced and burned for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 140O-250O to produce liquid smoke. The parameters observed were pH, phenol content, acid content, a dose of liquid smoke. On chilli plants, and the effectiveness of liquid smoke on chili plants. These results of this study indicate that the temperature range of 140O - 250O antibacterial activities against Thrips tabaci with a pH value is 3.5, the phenol value is 41.88 mg / I (ppm), and the acid content obtained is 9.74%. Chili plants that are exposed to Thrips tabaci pests with a dose of 20 ml liquid smoke inhibits the growth of Thrips tabaci pests in chili plants until the death of pests and plant experienced growth of new shoots.

Keywords
Coconut shell, liquid smoke, Tabaci Thrips, pH, phenol, acid content, biopesticide, chili plants.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hBeVmPv9a8GZ

Corresponding Author
Fadhilah Trya Wulandari

Institutions
a) Program Studi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Hasanuddin
*nurdin_tompo[at]yahoo.co.id
**demmallino1964[at]yahoo.com
b) Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Hasanuddin
*muhammadzakir[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The Flyash waste is a result of coal combustion which can pollute the environment. The research aims to determine (1) how the effect of the variation of the percentage of Flyash as a partial substitute for cement on the weight of the concrete load, (2) how the variation in the percentage of Flyash as a partial cement substitute for the compressive strength of concrete, and (3) how does curing variation affect (treatment) on the value of compressive strength of concrete with Flyash as a substitute for partial cement. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Building Materials, Structures and Construction, Faculty of Architectural Engineering, University of Hasanuddin, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The method used in this study was an experiment by making concrete from Flyash class F waste from PT. Bosowa Energi Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Concrete samples were made in a total of 120 pieces for two types of curing, namely dry curing and water curing, four sample variations namely 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% Flyash, weight testing and compressive strength of the samples carried out each of the three age of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. The results showed that the average weight of the lowest concrete samples was in the variation of 30% Flyash for dry curing, which was 3.45 kg, and water curing was 3.61 kg, while the highest was in the 70% variation of Flyash for dry curing, which is 4.47 kg, and water curing is 4.61 kg. Based on variations of 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% the compressive strength of concrete declined, namely 24.84 MPa, 22.16 MPa, 11.97 MPa, and 4.20 MPa, for dry curing, and 25.73 MPa, 22.93 MPa, 12.87 MPa, and 4.97 MPa for water curing. The effect of curing variations on the compressive strength of concrete is also increasing as the curing period increases, for dry curing 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively 12.73 MPa, 13.33 MPa, 13.63 MPa, 15,07 MPa, and 22.16 MPa, for water curing, respectively 13.50 MPa, 14.09 MPa, 14.56 MPa, 15.84 MPa, and 22, 93 MPa.

Keywords
Environment, Coal, Weight Testing, Compressive Strength.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KJ7PbAaGv6ft

Corresponding Author
Fadhilah Trya Wulandari

Institutions
a) Program Studi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Hasanuddin
*fatmawatiqilwa[at]gmail.com
b) Dosen Pengelolan Lingkungan Hidup, Pascasarjana Universitas Hasanuddin
**luciavayanda[at]gmail.com
***akbar_tahir[at]mar-sci.unhas.ac.id)

Abstract
The research aims to dtermine pollutant content in oil industry wastewater by using probiotic bacteria in reducing the content of pollutant in the palm oil industry. This study was conducted in Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University, Makassar and Health Laboratory Center (BBLK). The sample was determined using random sampling method. The data were analysed using Variance (ANOVA) method. The results of the research indicate that there are two types of bacterial isolates, , namely isolate A was Lactobacillus bulgharicus and isolate B was Lactobacillus plantarum. Probiotic bacteria isolated from cow-s milk can reduce BOD content from 250.25 mg /L to 95.56 mg /L. COD value decreases from 530.25 mg /L to 245.81 mg /L. TSS value decreases from 420 mg /L to 232 mg /L. The initial fat content decreases from 30.25 mg /L to 21.65 mg /L. The initial measurement of value decreases from 7.5 to 6. Biodegradation process of the palm oil industry wastewater with the addition of the probiotic bacterial isolates can reduce organic content and pollutant content of the liquid waste of palm oil industry. The most effective rate of waste degradation is bacterial isolate Lactobacillus plantarum with McFarland 1.5.

Keywords
Palm oil liquid waste, probiotic bacteria, and oil content.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ez3H7XCvTxEd

Corresponding Author
Amanda Pricella Putri

Institutions
a. Environmental Management Study Program. Graduate School of Hasanuddin University.
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea. Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi.
*email : sandra.haerdy[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Abstract Biodegradable foam (biofoam) is an enviromentally fiendly alternative packaging for styrofoam. This study aims at synthesizing biofoam from filter cake waste, obtain its characteristics and determining the economic feasibility of developing the produced biofoam product. The study was conducted with descriptive experimental methods and economic feasibility studied through the circulation of NPV and PI. The result indicate that the biofoam with addition of 15% w/w glycerol plasticizer has the best characteristics which contained the lowest value of moisture content (6,321%) and water absorption index (17,181%) and also has tensile strength (6,7778 N/mm2) and elongation (174,5%) higher than styrofoam packaging. All biofoam samples can be degraded completely within 25-30 days. Addition of plasticizer generally affects the characteristics of biofoam. Based on the analysis of the economic feasibility studies, the development of filter cake based biofoam products is feasible ( positive NPV; PI > 1).

Keywords
filter cake, biodegradable foam, plasticizer, glycerol, waste.

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TjuQX2deEJUG

Corresponding Author
Yusran Yusran

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Hasanuddin, Jalan Poros Malino km 6 Bontomarannu Gowa Sulawesi Selatan Indonesia 92172
*yusranibnu[at]yahoo.com, yusran[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
Tamangapa landfill is main landfill in Makassar city. Some of significant problems arise from it. One of them is environmental pollution caused by waste production. On the other side, the methane gas produced by organic waste can be used for electrical generation via waste power plant. This research examined the potential of methane gas production. It also studied the potential of electrical power generetaion based on sanitary landfill model. The prediction of waste amount had been done using linear regression method with SPSS software. By calculation, the methane gas production was estimated around 30,329.64 m3 in 2027. The electrical power was estimated around 27.35 MW.

Keywords
waste power plant, organic waste, methane gas, sanitary landfill, Tamangapa landfill

Topic
Waste to Energy Potential Resources

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6PzXcuCHRtxn