Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Athena Dana

Institutions
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an example of electricity generation using sustainable technology. It uses organic substrates as fuels on the anode side to generate electricity as the anode of the organic substance is oxidizes and releasing electrons and protons and allow electrons to be transferred to cathode via external electric circuit. The potential of Alcaligenes sp. strain SUM123 were identified as the inoculum to utilize organic substrate palm oil mill effluent (POME). The MTB were first grown in nutrient broth (NB) and palm oil mill effluent POME to test its ability to grow in these medium. The growth was observed for 10% NB and 90% POME and compared to in 100% NB alone. The ability to reduce the pH, COD and ADMI of the substrate are identified for the 10% NB and 90% POME. The pH reading dropped as the growth of MTB are decreased, while the COD readings increases almost the same trend as the growth and death of the bacteria in 10% NB and 90% POME solution, while ADMI reading were indirectly proportional to the growth of MTB in 10% NB and 90% POME.

Keywords
Palm Oil Mill Effluent; Alcaligenes sp. strain SUM123; chemical oxygen demand; Microbial Fuel Cell; bioelectricity production

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4jk6XJmbnuVf

Corresponding Author
Uun Yanuhar

Institutions
1 Aquatic Resources Management Departement, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University.

2 Master Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University

Abstract
Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is one of superior commodity that are easily cultivated in the fisheries sector in Indonesia. But, there is one of the difficulties in humpback grouper cultivation is Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) infection. The existence of VNN can be transmitted vertically and horizontally, according to water quality and natural feed (plankton) consumed by groupers. Therefore, this study conducted an observation of the factors thought to affect the presence of VNN seen from the identified plankton. This study used descriptive method. Water sampling, plankton and fish was carried out 3 times with a one-week interval in floating net cages in the Gulf of Sendang Biru Beach, Malang Regency. The results obtained by 5 phylum of phytoplankton, there are Chlorophyta division (3 genera), Phragmophyta (1 genus), Diatom (2 genera), Cyanophyta (1 genus) and Bacillariophyta or Chrysophyta (2 genera). Zooplankton consists of 4 phylum, there are Arthropoda (7 genera), Mollusca (1 genus), Tracheophyta (1 genus) and Rotifera (1 genus). Whereas, plankton that were found in the stomach of groupers mostly Bacilariophyta and a small portion of Cyanophyta and Phragmophyta. Based on the results of plankton identification, showed that plankton was not infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and indicated the infecction of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) occurs not because of the plankton factor in the floating net cages but vertically which is the spread from the parent to the larvae.

Keywords
Plankton; Cromileptes altivelis; Viral Nervous Necrosis.

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EmQgHN8L9wpV

Corresponding Author
Sasmitasari Sasmitasari

Institutions
Malang State University

Abstract
This study aims to determine the detection of the Aero gene in the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophilla as a candidate for bioremediator in dealing with hospital wastewater. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The sample of this study is the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophilla which has the ability to hydrolyze proteins which are candidates for bioremediator agents. Samples were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory, State University of Malang. Research Detection of the Aero gene in the Aeromonas hydrophilla bacteria was carried out in three places, namely the Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya for the DNA isolation stage, LSIH UB for the PCR stage and the Molecular Laboratory of Maulana Malik Ibrahim for Electrophoresis. The samples were analyzed using Zymo Research Quick-DNATM Bacterial Miniprep Kit for DNA isolation, Specific Primer for the Aero gene namely Aero 1a (forward) and Primary Aero 1b (Reverse) for PCR and Hyperleader VI for markers in analyzing PCR results in the electrophoresis process. The results showed that the Aero gene was detected at 48oC with a DNA concentration of 2.55 µg / ml, DNA purity of 1.53 µg / ml and the length of migration of 500bp DNA bands.

Keywords
Detection of the Aero gene, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Candidate for Bioremediator, Hospital Liquid Waste

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qMNcZf9YpkKD

Corresponding Author
ALLVANIALISTA IKALOR

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Domestic waste produced by hospitals can reach 85% of total waste with high pollutant content. The high content of these pollutants can have an impact on human health as well as the environment. This study aims to detect the presence of the α-Amylase enzyme by gene code toward Enterobacter agglomerans. E. agglomerans is a bacterium that lives in waste and is able to degrade starch by hydrolyzing α-1.4 glucosidic amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen bonds. The study was conducted in December 2018 to March 2019 in the Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Malang for the preparation of E. agglomerans and in the Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya to isolate DNA and detect the α-Amylase gene. The results showed that bacterial DNA isolation was of good quality with a purity value of 1.87 nm and a DNA concentration of 204.02 μg / ml. The α-Amylase gene in E. agglomerans was detected at 46oC, 48oC and 50oC. These results indicate that E. agglomerans has a gene that encodes the α-Amylase enzyme so that it can be used as a bioremediator candidate.

Keywords
α-Amilase, Enterobacter agglomerans, gen detection, bioremediator

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rXznDBQ89vcb

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Hariz Asraf

Institutions
a) Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia.
b)Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia.
*niknizam[at]utm.my

Abstract
There have been purposeful researches in synergistic combination of organic and inorganic materials as antibacterial agent which aims to combine two or more antibacterial compounds in a carrier system. This research aimed to study the physicochemical properties of silver loaded kaolinite attached with different amount of cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) and its effect on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Kaolinite was initially modified with silver ion and later, with different concentrations of HDTMA (50, 75, and 100% of CEC of the kaolinite). The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyser. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion technique against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Characterization results showed that kaolinite was successfully modified with silver ion and HDTMA. For antibacterial assay, S. aureus was more susceptible than E. coli due to differences in their peptidoglycan structure. Surfactant-modified silver kaolinite was more effective in inhibiting bacterial growth than silver kaolinite with inhibition diameters of 2.3 cm and 1.7 cm, respectively. However, the different concentrations of HDTMA did not contribute to the inhibitory effects against the bacteria. Thus, the low concentration of HDTMA loaded on silver-kaolinite is suitable to be used as antibacterial agent.

Keywords
kaolinite; hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; silver ion; antibacterial

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/reFkzBQXU7Rg

Corresponding Author
Siti Halimah Larekeng

Institutions
Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
2 Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, Jl. Raya Solok, Aripan Km. 8, PO. Box 5 Solok, West Sumatera, Indonesia
3 Faculty of Agrotechnology, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia

Abstract
Pollen dispersal can be used to design and manage seed orchards of Mahogany to fit the breeding demand. Pollen dispersal and mating system in mahogany can be elucidated through pollen dispersal pattern analysis based on genetic structure. Microsatellite is a co-dominant genetic marker that has been widely applied for DNA analysis. The objective is this work were to to determine specific primers for parentage analysis in mahogany, to calculate the distance of pollens travel from donor pollen to female recipient, to estimate the frequency of pollination, and to evaluate the proportion of selfing and outcrossing in mahogany. The field activity was done by collecting leaf samples at genetic resource area of Sulawesi BPTH, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The laboratory activities for genetic molecular analysis were conducted at Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Results: The study indicated that the suitable primers for parentage analysis were sm05, sm18, and sm48. Pollens could travel up to 83 m apart from the evaluated female parents, and the highest frequency of pollination was 22 at 20 to 30 m. The proportion of outcrossing was 95% which indicated that mahogany trees in this evaluated area tend to outcross pollinate. Highly variable microsatellite markers have facilitated a direct genetic approach to measuring gene flow based on parentage analysis.

Keywords
Gene flow; Mahogany; Mating system; Microsatellite; Pollen dispersal

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/akTJBtZYGEyp

Corresponding Author
Chairul Irawan

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University
* cirawan[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
The utilization of Alabio potato (Dioscorea alata L.) as a typical South Kalimantan potato can be used as the main raw material in the form of starch, which is then transformed into liquid glucose. The manufacturing processes goes through two stages, namely liquification using the α-amylase enzyme and saccharification with the enzyme β-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to produce functional antioxidant liquid glucose. This study focuses on the effect of percentage of Alabio potato starch (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, m/v) in the liquefaction process, the concentration of β-glucosidase enzymes in the saccharification process (0.8, 1 and 1.2 mL /kg of starch) and determine the optimum concentration of cinnamon extract (3, 5 and 10 g/100 mL of water) in its activity as an antioxidant liquid glucose. Alabio starch was dissolved in Ca2+ solution and heated at 85 oC, after 330 soluble/α-amylase enzymes were added to complete dissolution and continued with heating at the same temperature for 1 hour then filtered. After obtaining a dextrin solution, the next process is saccharification by adding a certain concentration of β-glucosidase enzyme by treating 100 rpm shaker for 60 hours to produce a glucose solution. The amount of glucose/reduced sugar in the sample was analyzed by the DNS method. The optimum percentage of glucose was obtained from the results of liquefaction with 10% starch and saccharification with a concentration of β-glucosidase enzyme of 1.2 mL/kg of starch with a liquid glucose concentration of 59.16 mg/mL. FTIR analysis showed that antioxidant liquid glucose has hydroxyl functional groups of C-O, C-H and O-H at wavelengths of 1560.11 cm-1, 1720.22 cm-1, and 3520 cm-1. Antioxidant liquid glucose activity showed the optimum performance at cinnamon extract concentration was 5 grams. DPPH free radicals of 56.72% were consumed for 5 minutes and reached 57.60% for 10 minutes. Liquid glucose produced has the potential as a substitute for glucose sources (i.e. sugar crystal) with antioxidant content from cinnamon extract.

Keywords
Alabio potato, antioxidants, cinnamon extract, liquid glucose, saccharification.

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6yX8H7fnRwpd

Corresponding Author
SUTINI SUTINI

Institutions
UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Secondary metabolite of epigallocatechin gallate is a polymeric ester compound from epigallocatechin and gallic acid. This secondary metabolite of epigallocatechin gallate is found in the Camellia sinensis L plant which is bioactive that can be an antioxidant and capable to prevent cancer. The problem of the epigallocatechin gallate-s existence from plants depends on: the height of the land from the sea level, the condition of the environment temperature,and it requires an intensive care and its production level is relatively low. Therefore, the technology of production of epigallocatechin gallate is needed through in vitro culture techniques. This technique is environmentally controlled, is effective in cultivation and only requires a limited area. The purpose of the study was to obtain a secondary metabolite production technique of epigallocatechin gallate through in vitro culture by optimizing the medium and giving precursors. The method to reach the research objectives are: (1) initiation of callus by immersing the explants from leaf pieces on the growth medium that is being added by growth regulating hormones. (2) Stimulating callus culture by giving cinnamic acid precursors. (3) Callus growth testing. (4) Qualitative testing of the epigallocatechin gallate morphology from callus. (5) Quantitative testing of epigallocatechin gallate from callus. The conclusion of this study is that callus products that are composed of epigallocatechin gallate are produced. The implication of this study is that the use of cinnamic acid precursors in the in vitro culture technique of Camellia sinensis over a relatively short period of time can increase callus wet weight

Keywords
cinnamic acid precursors, epigallocatechin gallate, in vitro culture, secondary metabolite

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RBYrmM3Xu7Jn

Corresponding Author
Indra Kurniawan Saputra

Institutions
(a) Department of Biology, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia
(b) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Indonesia
(c)Molecular Biology Division, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Reseacrh and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Indonesia
*tasliah1[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) disease is a one-factor cause of decreasing rice production in Indonesia. This disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) which infected rice leaves to yellowish. Xoo isolates were obtained from three different locations namely West Java, West Sumatera, and West Borneo. Each isolate was identified by using primer specifics in colony Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Isogenic strains that contain resistance genes were infected and observed through pathogenicity tests. Based on results, Code variety holding Xa4-Xa7 gene had a high resistance level on Xoo infection from all locations compared to other isogenic and popular rice strains. In the meantime, IRBB5 holding Xa5 gene survived the attack of Xoo from West Java and West Borneo properly. The infection intensities on Code and IRBB5 consecutively are 1.62% and 3.55% for West Java isolates, 2.10% and 2.97% for West Sumatera Isolates, 2.17% and 4.45% for West Borneo isolates

Keywords
Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), Isogenic varieties, Resistance genes

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QKuDpL8AcWvd