Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Alief Irham

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(b) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(c) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT) , Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
*ferry[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
LiNixMnyCozO2 (LNCM) with a high Li content (Li-rich LNCM) is a promising new type of cathode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) application. Li-rich LNCM has been reported to deliver higher specific capacity (>250 mAh/g) compared to LNCM cathode with standard Li content. Despite its outstanding performance, some works have reported instability of the material upon cycling. Many researchers have been suggesting the use of carbon, oxide, fluoride, and phosphate compounds as a coating material to improve its stability. In this work, Li1.2Ni0.64Co0.08Mn0.08 (LNCM811), a type of Li-rich LNCM cathode, was successfully synthesized via hydroxide co-precipitation method. The resulted product was then coated with NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), a promising phosphate compound with excellent chemical stability and superior ionic conductivity. It was found that NTP-coated LNCM811 delivered better electrochemical properties compared to the pristine one, as was determined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Keywords
Lithium ion battery (LIB), LNCM cathode, Li-rich LNCM, surface coating, NaTi_2(PO_4)_3

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wCGegkMAb9Fz

Corresponding Author
Narasimha Balijepalli

Institutions
Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK

Abstract
This paper reviews the electric scooter (motorcycle) use in three countries viz., China, Taiwan and Vietnam and identifies the prospects for Indonesia. This review is based on published information in scientific journals and the prospects projected for Indonesia are based on a collective learning experience from other countries rather than as a result of the implementation of policy. Towards the end of twentieth century, several Chinese cities have implemented regulatory measures such as suspending issuance of new licences, banning the entry of motorcycles/scooters to city centres, capping/auctioning of licence plates. These regulatory measures created favourable conditions for the promotion of electric scooters in Chinee cities. Weak enforcement of standards also helped the electric scooter market further which resulted in a boom in their numbers from a mere 56000 in 1998 to 21million in just 10 years. However the policy at regional level is inconsistent which makes the future of electric scooter uncertain in China. Taiwan made a conscious effort persistently over a number of decades to promote electric scooters firstly to sustain the oil shock and then to improve the air quality in their cities. Instead of adopting a regulatory approach, they relied on subsidies as a strategy to promote e-scooters which was quite successful as the sales went up by 8.79 times (779% increase) from 1500 in 1998 to 13000 vehicles in year 2000. However, inconsistent quality and inadequate maintenance quickly dampened e-scooter sales that led to the suspension of the subsidy programme. In 2009 Taiwan revived the promotion again by addressing three key issues identified – cruise range/long charging time, durability of battery/high running cost and nationwide recharging network. Vietnam has a high motorcycle population (>90% of total number of vehicles) and can potentially benefit from adopting e-scooters to reduce the air pollution. A stated preference experiment found that consumers are highly sensitive to fuel prices though they discount the fuel cost savings at much higher rates (up to 40%) due to the uncertainty involved. Superior technology of e-scooters is valued at VND 10 million which implies that if better technology is delivered at cheaper prices, the adoption rate will significantly improve. Finally consumers are willing to pay VND 1.64 million to avoid a sales tax of one million. This equates to reducing the recharge time by 3.5h or increasing the range by 90km. Thus incentivising the consumers is likely to help boosting the e-scooter sales by a significant margin. Learning from the experience, Indonesia may develop an appropriate strategy to launch their e-scooter programme which is balanced between incentivising the consumers/manufacturers/ charging station operators and regulatory measures such as phasing out polluting internal combustion engines by raising the emission standards. Significant adoption rate in Indonesia will improve the

Keywords
Electric scooter, suitable development, air quality

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QuL9bTAVCe6h

Corresponding Author
Irsyad Nashirul Haq

Institutions
(1)Graduate Student at Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(1)methaislameka[at]gmail.com

(2,3,4) Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(2)irsyad[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(3)edi[at]tf.itb.ac.id,
(4)brian[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(2) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The Indonesian government plans to change the Transjakarta bus into an electric bus. Therefore, we analyze the energy consumption of rear-drive electric buses with regenerative braking to estimate the specifications of the electric motor and the batteries needed for one cycle of driving. BYD C6 and ITB electric buses will be compared using the driving cycle in the Transjakarta corridor 1 (Kota—Blok M). Transjakarta corridor 1 driving cycle data is collected several times to get varied driving cycles. The electric bus energy consumption model was created using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation is conducted by using the data bus specifications of BYD C6 and ITB. The results show that BYD C6 electric buses have more SOC battery remaining in one cycle of driving due to a larger amount of battery charge. However, ITB electric bus can recover more energy from the regenerative braking system due to the larger motor specifications.

Keywords
Energy Consumption, Mathematical Modeling, Regenerative Braking, Energy Recovery, Electric Bus

Topic
EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nFyCBUvHeXLk

Corresponding Author
Hery Tri Waloyo

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret
*herytriwaloyo[at]student.uns.ac.id
b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur
c) NCSTT Indonesia
d) Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract
Advanced vehicles are an alternative solution to reduce environmental pollution due to the use of fossil fuels. It can be pure electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. The Hybrid vehicles combine internal combustion engines and electric motors to move. The use of resources on hybrid vehicles can be either series or parallel. A series hybrid model uses an electric motor as a driving force and combustion engine as a generator drive when a parallel hybrid vehicles use both resources as drivers simultaneously. Electrical energy can be obtained from renewable energy or waste utilization. This paper discuss the effectiveness of the use of advanced vehicles to reduce the use of fossil fuels. In this study compared some types of advanced vehicles with travel routes in Surakarta as represent urban area in Indonesia. The test is done using vehicle modeling with MATLAB software simulation. The research was done by using drive cycle data from previous research. The shows hybrid vehicle series need more fuel than parallel type. The size of the combustion engine in the vehicle series is very influential on the performance of the vehicle. With the increasing use of advanced vehicles in urban areas, the use of non-renewable fuels can be suppressed and the impact on the environment can be reduced.

Keywords
hybrid vehicle; performance; energy management

Topic
EV System and Integration

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rG2gtxAdhTNE

Corresponding Author
Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

Institutions
a) Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*natanaelmassie2009[at]gmail.com
b) Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Abstract
With the Electrified Vehicles (EVs) ventures being in the early stage, the cost-benefit analysis of the vehicles is key towards capturing the Indonesian market. As consumers, however, pricing may not only be the costs they consider; they also consider the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the cars they purchase. With that regard, this study discusses the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the EV in the Indonesian context, including calculations for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle), as well as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for comparisons. Specifically, this study aims to: (i) identify the monetary factors which affects total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, (ii) construct a TCO model and calculate the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, and (iii) compare the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia related to the relevant switching cost between EVs and ICE. Our findings suggest that generally, in Indonesia, higher usage and/or length of ownership of EVs lead to more competitive TCO compared to ICE. We also explore a comprehensive number of scenarios (e.g., total annual mileage, years of ownership, price, fuel prices, and cost incentives) in which the TCO of EV maximizes Indonesian consumer welfare.

Keywords
Electrified vehicle; Incentives; Total cost of ownership; Indonesia

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MBHudNxg3WTy

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Farda

Institutions
Institute of Technology Bandung
University of Leeds

Abstract
Transportation sector has been the main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions globally and is more significant in emerging economies where the vehicle growth is very high. Immediate as well as long term strategic measures need to be developed and implemented to tackle the growing problem. Indonesia is a country with high vehicle population particularly dominated by gasoline motorcycles. The Indonesian government has acknowledged the problem and been formulating policies to support vehicle electrification as the way ahead. A joint Indonesian industry and research institution has been designing an electric motorcycle to promote the policy on vehicle electrification. However, the question emerges whether electric motorcycles can compete with gasoline motorcycles in Indonesia. This study assesses the uptake of electric motorcycle in Indonesia, particularly in Bandung city which is the 3rd most populous city in the country. This study designed a bespoke stated preference survey questionnaire to capture the preferences of the users and analysed data using discrete choice methods. In particular, three models, namely multinomial logit, mixed logit and hybrid logit are used to assess the share of electric motorcycles. This study contributes to the literature by adding new charging methods, namely plug-in and battery swap, either at home / office parking or charging station. In addition, this study measures the importance of electric motorcycle attributes, such as purchase price, operational cost, maximum speed and range per charging, and estimates the marginal willingness to pay. An understanding on factors influencing electric motorcycle uptake will be beneficial for manufacturers to improve the performance of electric motorcycles. Moreover, the policy makers will also benefit by knowing which aspects of electric motorcycle they need to support for it to reach a high penetration. The outcomes of choice models feed into a system dynamic diffusion model which considers broader factors affecting the electric motorcycle uptake over a period of time which is presented in a separate paper.

Keywords
Electric Motorcycle, Choice Modelling, Stated Preference

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gpAPCfBhXknZ

Corresponding Author
Selvi Lukman

Institutions
Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic,Control and Safety
Beijing Jiaotong University

Abstract
This paper presents the estimation of received power signal based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR). The simulated datasets are used, which contain the positions of transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) , the distance between the TX and RX, and the corresponding path loss, and the carrier frequencies. SVR presents the accuracy estimation of simulated datasets computing which shows Mean Square Error (MSE) as the average value of estimation errors that are squared, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as another parameter for measuring the accuracy of a estimation as a root value of MSE Average Root also R² as the coefficient of determination tool for measuring how far the ability of the model in explaining some variations in the dependent variable. If the value of R² approaches one, it means that predictive results can follow variable patterns or variations well dependent. Cross Validation is a performance measurement .The aim is to find the best hyper-parameter combination so that machine learning can predict data accurately and prevent over-fitting problems. Optimal parameter values are determined by using the Grid Search Method, where machine learning will do modeling using the range C ɤ and ɛ given. Therefore, SVR Hyper-Parameter shows the most optimized parameter with C which affects the penalty given when there is an error in classification , Gamma that affects the pace of learning process, Epsilon indicates the error limit than can be ignored. The parameter values that produce the highest accuracy or the smallest error will be chosen as the best parameter.

Keywords
Estimation Machine Learning, Path Loss, Received Power Signal, SVR, 5G-R

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kqMA7tbR6cnm

Corresponding Author
Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Autonomous Vehicles is a system which can maneuver through its surrounding to reach a certain location and orientation. Path following control is one of the most proposed control scheme to achieve this objective. In this paper, the path following control, based on the Lyapunov stability approach, designed specifically for a bus, will be proposed and tested experimentally. The mathematical model of the bus kinematics and controller will be presented. The main concerns of the presentation will be the technical details of the path following control implementation such as the design of the system, the controller and actuator and also the data communication among all components. The experimental investigation was conducted using a miniature scaled bus with the length and width of the bus is 39 cm and 15.5 cm respectively. The communication protocol MQTT has been implemented for the data communication. The experimental results show how the bus followed the desired path satisfactorily.

Keywords
Autonomous vehicle, path following control, experimental design, Lyapunov stability

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DYaEWUhMTCFG

Corresponding Author
Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo

Institutions
Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Surakarta, Indonesia

National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Electrical energy is the key to the development of human civilization, it causes an increase in electricity production using fossil fuels. This causes the emergence of the need for electricity generation with renewable energy sources. This research discusses the improvement of efficiency in photovoltaic cells (PV) by using the floating method and also the cooling method, especially, passive heatsink cooling. Tests carried out measures the performance of PV panels by measuring the influence of floating and cooling methods. The data shows that the increase in power is 30.54% with floating method while using passive heatsink cooling only increase power output by 14.31%. The temperature in the PV panel tends to increase with increasing intensity of solar radiation. In addition, both method resulted in increase of the PV panel temperature by 6.42% and 0.60% for floating method and passive heatsink cooling respectively.

Keywords
photovoltaic cell, PV cooling, floating, temperature, efficiency.

Topic
Power Electronics and Its Applications

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6hc4aNPXB9eK

Corresponding Author
Muhamad Abdul Aziz

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Department
Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang, Indonesia

National Center for Sustainable
Transportation Technology, Indonesia

Electrical Engineering Department
Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang, Indonesia

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Naval Architecture Department
Universitas Diponegoro
Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
The autonomous boat in this research has the capability of using fully renewable energy sources in which its wing sail can provide aerodynamic forces for propulsion while the solar cells provide the power for control and communication systems. Thus, this boat can operate in a long duration, suitable for ocean research and monitoring missions. Similar to an airplane wing, the design of the wing sail is taken from NACA 0018 that can provide good performance in low Reynolds-number. The purpose of this study is to experimentally study the aerodynamic performance of a 1/4th scale wing sail by varying the flap angle in a laboratory set-up. The aerodynamic of wing sail produces lift and drag forces that depend on the wing sail angle of attack. In this study, an encoder is used to measure the angle of attack of wing sail, a potentiometer for measuring the flap angle, and an anemometer for measuring the wind speed. A servo motor is used for controlling the flap angle. The digital data acquisition uses Arduino Uno as the microcontroller which is wired to a PC and coded in MATLAB/Simulink using Arduino package. The experiment results show the wing sail performance, the effect varying flap angles. The total aerodynamic forces were generated in this experiment.

Keywords
Wing sail, wind propulsion, autonomous boat

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DX6QeLNFCbyj

Corresponding Author
Joga Dharma Setiawan

Institutions
Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract
The autonomous boat in this research has the capability of using fully renewable energy sources in which its wing sail can provide aerodynamic forces for propulsion while the solar cells provide the power for control and communication systems. Thus, this boat can operate in a long duration, suitable for ocean research and monitoring missions. Similar to an airplane wing, the design of the wing sail is taken from NACA 0018 that can provide good performance in low Reynolds-number. The purpose of this study is to experimentally study the aerodynamic performance of a 1/4th scale wing sail by varying the flap angle in a laboratory set-up. The aerodynamic of wing sail produces lift and drag forces that depend on the wing sail angle of attack. In this study, an encoder is used to measure the angle of attack of wing sail, a potentiometer for measuring the flap angle, and an anemometer for measuring the wind speed. A servo motor is used for controlling the flap angle. The digital data acquisition uses Arduino Uno as the microcontroller which is wired to a PC and coded in MATLAB/Simulink using Arduino package. The experiment results show the wing sail performance, the effect varying flap angles. The total aerodynamic forces were generated in this experiment.

Keywords
Wing sail, wind propulsion, autonomous boat

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/udAgN3PyCW9D

Corresponding Author
Puguh Budi Prakoso

Institutions
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat,
National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
puguh.prakoso[at]ulm.ac.id

Chair and Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction,
Technical University of Munich
Munich, Germany
bernhard.lechner[at]tum.de

Abstract
Ballastless track is designed for long time period of service up to 60 years or even more. It has main goal to achieve a high performance and less significant maintenance during the service. One development of the standard design, which can be introduced to improve a conventional in-situ casted railway slab track, e.g. continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), is by implementing active crack control construction type. In this system, a CRCP slab is cut in a spacing interval immediately after it reaches a certain level of sufficient hardening state. This study is conducted to discuss the standard design procedures and the performance of slab track using CRCP as rail supporting structure (e.g. Rheda 2000) based on the long year experience of its implementation in Germany and to study parameters of cut spacing and subgrade bearing capacity of the Rheda-2000 designed with active crack control system. A static Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out using 3D model in ANSYS to assess the performance of the standard Rheda-2000 designed with active crack control system based on ultimate limit state design criteria. The substructure support is also ranged to investigate the limit performance of the system and to represent different levels of subgrade bearing capacity. The assessment is mainly based on the safety factor and comprises a combination of theoretical, analytical, empirical and FEA methods of ballastless track design procedures. The results demonstrate that there is a critical length of cut spacing of the slab and certain required bearing capacity limit of the substructure to achieve an equilibrium and optimal slab track designed with active crack control system.

Keywords
CRCP, active crack control, slab track, FEA

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zHCVcfP3Ru4e

Corresponding Author
CAHYA PUTRA DINATA

Institutions
a) Polytechnic of Road Transport Safety, Tegal, Indonesia

Abstract
In improving the traffic management system in accordance with Law No. 22/2009, efficient and effective road infrastructure is needed which includes several aspects including safe, secure, fast and convenient. One such road infrastructure is road markings which have an important role in traffic especially the influence of the level of visibility generated by the road markings. This can affect the traffic especially at night where the level of visibilty produced by the markers is very influential on motorists. One of the factors that influence the lack of visibility level of the markers is the use of glassbead in the painting process. Therefore, it is necessary to study related to the use of glassbead levels on road markings, especially on thermoplastic markers where thermoplastic markers are widely used in several roads and conduct studies related to whether the visibility standards produced by these markers in the form of mark reflectivity levels are in accordance with field implementation.

Keywords
Thermoplastic, Glassbead, Reflektifity, Road Markings, Visibility

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7GUcxBhgKDeJ

Corresponding Author
Stephan Brandl

Institutions
AVL

Abstract
Content of this session will be how engineering service suppliers can support Indonesia economy and Indonesian OEMs to boost local EV development. In the beginning most important components for future EVs and required charging solutions will be highlighted. Additionally a brief overview of potential component developments and integration of off-the-shelf systems as well as production and cost engineering will be presented.

Keywords
Engineering, Local EV development, OEM

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LqQpUVtnfTyR

Corresponding Author
Monika Faswia Fahmi

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Vehicle simulator is used for various purposes, mainly driver training and vehicle model test. One of the most important part of vehicle simulator is motion simulator which simulates the vehicle motion. This part makes the user feel the motion sensation given by the real vehicle even though the user is in the simulator platform. The motion simulator itself consists of several subsystems : user interface, dynamic model calculation, motion cueing, and platform control system. This paper explains the implementation and its result of designed motion cueing and the motor position control which is a part of platform control system. The design is implemented on vehicle simulator in Institut Teknologi Bandung which has 4 degrees of freedom for its motion (pitch, roll, sway, and surge). The implemented motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is model predictive control (MPC), an optimization-based motion cueing algorithm. Sliding mode control (SMC) with saturation function is implemented for position control of the motor to solve nonlinear load torque disturbance which appear from a static behaviour when the platform rotates on pitch motion. From the motion cueing result, it can be inferred that MPC-based MCA can track the motion sensation of the real vehicle, especially for the surge and sway motion. For pitch and roll sensation, reference signals with lower frequency yield worse results compared to the signals with higher frequency ones. Meanwhile, from the motor position control result, it can be concluded that SMC with saturation function can track the position reference according to the calculation of motion cueing.

Keywords
vehicle simulator, motion cueing, model predictive control, sliding mode control, nonlinear load torque

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Nh6HkrVLXBTb

Corresponding Author
Stefan Arman

Institutions
CV. Laksana

Abstract
Bus transportation is the largest mass transportation in Indonesia. But, that-s contrary to the low safety aspect, especially in rollover accident which is most dangerous accident and caused the most fatalities. Based on the number of rollover accident in Indonesia from 2015 – 2018, an average of 10 - 15 people died, and 30 people injury from this accident. So, that makes Laksana is commitment to the safety aspect by developing the rollover computational simulation and rollover actual testing. The bus rollover test, refer to UN ECE-R66 regulation which has been used in Europe and most countries in the world. This regulation also has not even been implemented in Indonesia, so Laksana is a pioneer bus industry in adopting this regulation for evaluating our bus design, increasing the safety aspect, and expanding the export market. The type of UN ECE-R66 testing that we used in this study are full bus rollover simulation using Finite Element Analysis, and the section bus rollover test (as the validation from FEA simulation). FEA simulation for rollover crash, used a 12 m coach bus design with full condition of 35 passengers. Then, the bus is rotated at a slope of 36 degrees and tilted at height of 800 mm from the ground. The results of Laksana bus simulation are successful with side frame and roof component didn-t touch the residual space, during the rollover process. This simulation results have also been validated by evaluating the energy balance graph and compared to the energy calculation from UN ECE-R66 regulation. The energy difference between calculation and FEA simulation is 9.007 %. Laksana also using the another validation method using section bus rollover test, with the front section model of the coach bus that had been previously simulated. Before testing, Laksana evaluated the mass and rollover angle at the maximum CoG and prepared a FEA simulation of bus front section for additional validation. The results of the actual bus section testing are successful, and better than the bus front section FEA simulation.

Keywords
Laksana, rollover test, safety aspect, UN ECE R-66, FEA simulation, section test

Topic
EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/87GfVLHenXxm

Corresponding Author
Endra Joelianto

Institutions
Instrumentation and Control Research Group, and National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The utilization of renewable energy in transportation has been a trend nowadays. In electric vehicles, for example, the battery pack has become the main energy source to supply the motor. As the main energy source for the vehicles, the management of the battery system becomes important to ensure the availability of the battery. The failure in managing the battery will cause some losses. In order to overcome the problem, various studies in determining the State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) of the battery are done. The researchers continue to develop the algorithm that can accurately estimate the SoC and SoH. In this study, the SoC and SoH of the battery are estimated using Dual Extended Kalman Filter that is improved by adding the corrected value of the current. The corrected current will improve the accuracy of the SoC and SoH estimation. The obtained results show the improvement of the accuracy.

Keywords
SoC, SoH, Battery, Dual Extended Kalman Filter, Corrected Current

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4rKpW8vZcEn7

Corresponding Author
Tryas Agung Praesha

Institutions
Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Bandung & Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds

Abstract
The negative impact of air pollution resulted from transportation sector gives a strong signal to many countries, including Indonesia, in order to deliver less polluting and more energy efficient modes of transport. Indonesia is the one of the highest greenhouse gas emitters in the world with progressive growth of gasoline cars and motorcycles sales over the years. Indonesian government has identified the problem and has been planning to support the implementation of Electric Vehicles (EV). One new local electric scooter manufacturer named GESITS has been developing the electric scooter in response to the Indonesian government-s plan of vehicle electrification. The question then arises as to what sort of policy required to foster the electric vehicles introduction to the market and to make the uptake self-sustaining. This study reports on system dynamics model-based study of factors which may influence demand for electric vehicles with Bandung City as the study area. The core of this paper is system dynamic model, which enable us to identify significant factors to get successful diffusion of Electric Scooters taking into account the complexity of several interrelated elements. The model used in this study builds on system dynamic work by Struben and Sterman (2008) and extends it with similar approach done by Shepherd et al (2012) to allow analysis of the Bandung market. This study contributes to past literature since none of them studied the diffusion model for electric scooters. We show that certain attributes such as price and range have a decent impact on take-up under business as usual case if we set them as dynamic value that affected by cumulative experience instead of fixed value, while subsidies have little impact on take-up. We introduce a conditional marketing scenario and tests the impact of policies such as removal of fuel subsidies and instead adding a fuel tax on gasoline motorcycle, as well as impact of vehicle attribute factors such as charging method to tip the market into successful trajectory. This study explored the sensitivity of the results to assumptions on reference rate of social exposure, average scooter life, and word of mouth. The results of this study have significant policy implications that will benefit policy makers

Keywords
electric scooter, system dynamics

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eZajy697m8xY

Corresponding Author
Gilang Farhan Ramadhan Mulyadi

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Abstract—Crashworthiness criteria attention in structural vehicle has increased by government to make the road safer, leading towards to laws and investment to investigation. In order to improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption performance of electric vehicles, the multi cell platform introduced as application in designing crash box. Multi cell platform can increased the energy absorption of crash box. Designing multi-cell platform needs the cell configuration and the cell number. Various type of cell configuration and number show difference behavior. It is needs to be studied comprehensively in order to gain desired design criteria. This paper studied the behavior of various type of multi-cell platform. The configuration divided into cruciform shape, H-shaped, T-shaped and Y-shaped. The crash box subjected under axial load in low velocity of quasi-static mode. The simulation results show that the cell configuration and cell number have different results. Increasing the number of cell and intersection can result in higher energy absorption but detrimental due to peak force.

Keywords
multi-cell, crash box, axial impact, crashworthiness, energy absorption

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Kj9AWU6fmLMZ

Corresponding Author
Robby Robby

Institutions
a) Mechanical Design Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*hrobbyz[at]hotmail.com
b) Lightweight Structures Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
c) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
Lightweight structure such as thin-walled column is adapted in electric vehicle as an energy absorber. It is also used to reduce the weight of the vehicle so it can reduce the energy consumption. Most researches focus on uniaxial loading whereas, in practice, biaxial loading is likely to occur. Researches also show that a multi-cell column performs better in crashworthiness compared to conventional or single-cell column. This research aims to conduct numerical simulations of the multi-cell thin-walled column subjected to biaxial loadings. Numerical simulations have been done to five different cross-section aluminium square columns: single-cell (V0H0); multi-cell with one vertical plate (V1H0); multi-cell with two vertical plates (V2H0); multi-cell with one vertical and one horizontal plates (V1H1); and multi-cell with two vertical and one horizontal plates (V2H1). V2H1 column performs high specific energy absorption when it is subjected to fully axial and axial-dominant loadings. It absorbs up to 69.07% more than single-cell column does. On the other hand, V2H0 column performs high specific energy absorption when it is subjected to fully bending and bending-dominant loadings. It absorbs up to 99.56% more than single-cell column does.

Keywords
Biaxial loading; Crashworthiness; Energy absorber; Multi-cell; Thin-walled structure

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ph6MeGv7NdEp

Corresponding Author
Joshua Abel Oktavianus

Institutions
Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung. Jalan Ganesha no 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
The combination of inertial measurement unit and global navigation satellite system is widely used in the localization of autonomous cars. However, global navigation satellite systems are highly dependent to the external conditions and have a low sampling rate. In order to make the localization of autonomous cars more reliable in various external condition, a virtual sensing system using Error State Kalman filter and Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) approach is proposed in this paper. In this proposed system, DRNN served as an estimator for the location of autonomous car. DRNN is applied due to its independency against external condition, the ability to learn, and also its faster sampling rate compared to global navigation system. Implementation and testing of this new approach using Carla Simulator shows that the proposed system could correct the deviation caused by the absence of absolute position measurement. By having this alternative sensing method, it is expected that it would be able to replace the existing global navigation satellite systems and unlock the possibility for offline localization.

Keywords
autonomous car, localization, virtual sensor, neural network, CARLA Simulator

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bYgWdqBHFm7P

Corresponding Author
Hari Maghfiroh

Institutions
Dept. Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Indonesia

Abstract
Electric vehicles are widely used because of their advantages over internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle such as low emission and environment friendly. In Indonesia, electric vehicles have begun to be marketed and developed. One of the weaknesses of electric vehicles in Indonesia is the limited availability of charger stations. For this reason, this research proposes the design and prototyping of low cost charger station. The charging station equipped with keypad to input how much power that will be purchased and an LCD to monitor the status. This station can be used to charge both electric car and electric motorcycle/ bicycle. Prototype has been built and tested to charge Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) car both for normal charging and fast charging with satisfactory results.

Keywords
electric vihicle, EV, charging, station

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ENT2MWbUBpZL

Corresponding Author
Andi Idhil Ismail

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 15, Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur, 76127
*a.idhil[at]itk.ac.id
b) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung
c) Material and Metallurgy, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 15, Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur, 76127
*gusti.unt[at]itk.ac.id

Abstract
Machining of titanium alloys remains a challenging task due to its low thermal conductivity and other inheritance properties. This phenomenon often causes the reduction of tool life, increasing production cost and time. Several factors play role in determining the tool life such as cutting speed, feed, chip formation, and tool geometry. The current work investigates the effect of tool geometry and feed to the cutting temperature, force, and chip formation. Finite element method (FEM) is implemented to model orthogonal cutting process in the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). We use Johnson-Cook (J-C) material constitutive model and Johnson-Cook (J-C) fracture-damage model to simulate the process. Our results demonstrate that at the rake angle of 0° the cutting force and cutting temperature reach maximum value of 490 °C. The temperature decreases to around 370 °C if the cutting rake angle changes to 10°. Feed seems to have low impact in the temperature. The effect of feed and rake angle is more pronounced in the cutting force.

Keywords
Ti-6Al-4V; Machining; Finite Element Method

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FDj34xYJCuhM

Corresponding Author
Syadila Refiasto

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
In this paper, magnetic flux (distribution and direction) modelling and analysis of brushless DC (BLDC) motor that output power is 120 kW using JMAG software is investigated. Before performing magnetic flux analysis, the motor parameters is verified by using JMAG-Express. After verifying the design, the magnetic flux distribution and direction is analyzed. The purposed of this research is investigating the operation area of magnetization-demagnetization process in the stator and rotor core of BLDC motor.

Keywords
Magnetic flux analysis, modelling, JMAG, Brushless DC Motor (BLDC).

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LfbQcurJwvMh

Corresponding Author
Kusuma Arum Dyana Kumara

Institutions
Universitas sebelas maret, Universitas Widyagama

Abstract
This article delivers the application of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) as a variable stiffness of surround in a loudspeaker. Firstly, the existing surround was replaced by a set of variable stiffness absorber featuring an MREs. In the preliminary stage, the magnetic circuit absorber was evaluated through simulation work. Then, the simulation using the finite element method magnetic (FEMM) was con- ducted to predict the performance of MREs. The applied currents were varied from 0 to 1.5 A with an interval of 0.25 A. Later, the average magnetic flux density obtained from the simulation was used for estimating shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus which taken from actual experimental data. The stiffness obtained by processing shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus with analytical calculation method. Therefore, the performance of MREs could be evaluated. The suspension system MREs which has investigated have good performance, i.e., has a wide range of stiffness.

Keywords
magnetorheological elastomers, loudspeaker surround, finite element method, stiffness prediction

Topic
EV System and Integration

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MmRbWFY6CzZA

Corresponding Author
Meilisa Dewi Kharisma

Institutions
a) Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology
Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*meilisadewikharisma[at]students.itb.ac.id
b) Technology Development, PT LEN
Soekarno-Hatta 442, Bandung 40254, Indonesia

Abstract
The equivalent circuit of lithium-ion battery cell has been presented in some research to model a state of charge (SOC) and battery cell electrical behaviour. The equivalent circuit was built from an open circuit voltage, two resistor-capasitor parallel networks, and a series internal resistance. In several application, some battery cells are connected in series-parallel configuration to produce a battery pack with specified voltage and capacity. In this paper, a modified battery cell model is used to represent the battery pack dynamics. The battery pack is assumed to be balanced on both series and parallel side. The model then validated by comparing simulation results between battery pack model and battery cells that connected in series-parallel configuration. Simulation results shows small difference between the two models.

Keywords
Lithium-ion battery, Battery pack model, Battery cell model, State of charge, Parallel-Seri configuration

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RtMWFCuEdeJX

Corresponding Author
Gunawan Dwi Haryadi

Institutions
a)Department of Mechanical Engineering
Diponegoro University
*gunawan_dh[at]ft.undip.ac.id

b) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Bandung Institute of Technology
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The number of motor vehicle increases at each year in Indonesia involve much negative impact on human life such as traffic jam. People choose to go by bus to avoid the traffic jam. Another negative impact is an increase amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the air. Replacing motor vehicle to electric vehicle is the better way to decrease amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Range extended electric bus is a type of electric bus which use electric and fuel for energy source. On the basis of a typical Japanese driving cycle, optimal control strategy is designed according to the state of charge (SOC) consumption trend, which is optimized by the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. The SOC value determines the mileage and fuel consumption, it will be the main goal of energy management. The result show that when REEB go through distance as long as the distance of BRT UNDIP – UNNES bus route, the amount of Japanese driving cycle are 11 cycles. The energy and fuel consumption that optimized by DP strategy can reach 121.66 MJ and 0.0143 L/Km. Compared with the conventional bus, the fuel consumption reach 0.212 L/Km. The overarching objectives of this paper are to get the REEB energy management strategy model based on dynamic programming, to get the results of optimization of REEB fuel consumption based on dynamic programming, and REEB energy flow.

Keywords
range extended electric bus, state of charge, dynamic programming, fuel consumption, and energy management

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zEhKj8xDCwMN

Corresponding Author
M Rivandi Fadli

Institutions
Electrical Power Engineering
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bandung Institute of Technology
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have the advantage in high reliability compared with conventional DC motors because of the absent of the brushes. BLDC requires switching with the help of power electronic components which is 6 pulse inverter. One of the methods is field orientation control (FOC) by controlling id and iq. By controlling id and iq independently, Maximum Torque Per Ampere ratio (MPTA) to minimize the current can be achieved so that it can improve motor efficiency. In this paper, the FOC method applied in 120kW BLDC motor is investigated. From simulation result, when the torque is higher, then response of the motor is faster to achieve nominal rotational speed. Otherwise, lower torque that applied to the load cause higher ripple. The speed of BLDC motor could be control using control loop from torque control. In this paper, high torque ripple caused by difficulties of PI control setting, high load (100 Nm), and trapezoidal back-EMF of the BLDC.

Keywords
BLDC, FOC, Torque Control, Speed Control

Topic
Power Electronics and Its Applications

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Y6XmU7zvpTkG

Corresponding Author
Yasser GHOULAM

Institutions
ICube laboratory (UMR CNRS 7357) - INSA Strasbourg

Abstract
The energy transition in the field of individual transport requires first of all changes in thinking: Do we need such important mobility ranges in our everyday lifes? How to use the vehicles stopping times for battery charging?...etc. However, this energy transition also requires technological improvements, mainly in the storage of electrical energy. In this context, the electric vehicle application is a rather particular field of application since it requires both a high degree of energy and a high power requirement. It tends not to be compatible with existing storage systems. One of the ideas to overcome this problem is to use a High Energy lithium-ion battery (HE) coupled with supercapacitors. The latter is used as a buffer to assist and preserve the battery, by responding to high and medium changes of current. It can also be charged during the deceleration and braking phases. In this case, the battery only sees the slow current changes. This paper presents a modelling, identification and validation of the behavior of the two main energy storage devices, battery and supercapacitor, of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in electric vehicle applications. Besides of both main storage elements, the HESS includes a bi-directional DC/DC power converter suitable for power electronic interface between the battery main energy storage system and the supercapacitor. This work begins by the modeling of DC/DC converter. Then the electric state space models of both power sources, battery and supercapacitor, are also developed. And following that lead, the identification of both storage components constituting the HESS is carried out via many optimization methods based on experimental data of an urban electric vehicle. For that, a test bench is used for battery and supercapacitor characterization, while trying to be as close as possible to the real electric vehicle application. The obtained results show the good performance of the state space developed models comparing with the experimental results from a test bench developped in our laboratory at INSA Strasbourg.

Keywords
Electric vehicle, hybrid energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor, optimization algorithm, bidirectional DC/DC converter, state space, identification, test bench

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Qp4KDWGxjTUY

Corresponding Author
A.K.M. WALIUZZAMAN

Institutions
BRAC University,Dhaka

Abstract
Electric three-wheeler vehicles are getting popular in many progressive countries and Bangladesh is one of them. Based on the study of current vehicle systems in Bangladesh novel design of a four-wheeler low cost safe electric vehicle has been approached in this research paper for daily uses. Double wishbone independent suspension system with high performance shock absorber helps the design to ensure a smooth movement. Implementation of CAN Bus system minimizes wire management and ensures a flawless data transfer with interactive control system. Sensor node based forward collision avoidance algorithm has been proposed to assuring safety and introducing a semi-autonomous control system. Custom designed integrated GPS tracking system diminish the chance of unwanted theft threat and maintain a strong navigation system. Different software-based simulation with a couple of real-life experiments in different road condition justify the sustainability and accuracy for all the designed systems.

Keywords
Electric car, Collision avoidance, CAN bus System

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3aHf7nWZhbY6