Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim

Institutions
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract
Energy management plays important role in achieving maximum fuel efficiency on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Capability of PHEV using electric (EV) mode and hybrid (HV) mode can be optimized by selecting efficient mode for known route and traffic condition. Typical intercity commuting traffic can be divided into city traffic and highway traffic. This paper presents measurements of PHEV energy consumption per distance for each city and highway traffic case. In case of full battery consumption, the optimal mode selection strategy is determined for each traffic case. This paper shows that the mode selection strategy using known route and traffic condition can achieve less fuel consumption compared to default PHEV configuration or no strategy.

Keywords
PHEV, electric mode, hybrid mode, fuel consumption

Topic
EV System and Integration

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bzuKafQP4vWw

Corresponding Author
Faris Hafizh Makarim

Institutions
Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*faris.hafizh.makarim[at]students.itb.ac.id

Abstract
This paper presents an optimization of multiphase cascaded DC-DC boost converters to maximize the efficiency. Multiphase cascaded DC-DC boost converters are converters that have a very high gain level and a zero input current ripple. The paper starts with derivation of loss equation in the converter and the result is used for optimization process. It is found that the optimum phase number is three for the first stage and one for the second stage converter. The first stage converter is operated at fixed duty cycle of 0.66. The output voltage control is delegated to the second stage. Experimental results are included in this paper.

Keywords
Multiphase, boost converter, cascade, optimization

Topic
Power Electronics and Its Applications

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YA63B8ZxmG2u

Corresponding Author
Bagus Juliyanto

Institutions
a) School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*bagus.juliyanto[at]students.itb.ac.id
b)National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
c) State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China

Abstract
Now a days, the non-orthogonal multiple access is one of proposed scheme for fifth generation (5G), it is called sparse code modulation (SCMA) with low complexity massage passing algorithm (MPA). To show how the performance of SCMA, the MPA system could be adopted to get near with maximum likelihood (ML) detection performance under less-complexity. The MPA algorithm is performed by the specific codebook in SCMA transceiver scheme with many types of MPA, such as SD-MPA, DS-MPA, and PM-MPA. From the three specific model DS-MPA shows better performance in low SNR, while the SD-MPA should get near result with DS-MPA in different condition. As known that the typical 5G use cases identified by ITU-T and adopted by 3GPP allowed SCMA for massive machine type communication (mMTC), SCMA can be one of this solution with low complexity scheme. It has some promising function, such as relaxes orthogonality, resistance to multi-user interference, enabler of simplified scheduling, and enabler of grants-free transmission.

Keywords
MPA; SCMA; low-complexity; performance

Topic
Power Electronics and Its Applications

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jF9pfNhVtAvX

Corresponding Author
yoga uta nugraha

Institutions
Department of Electrical Engineering
Center of Excellence for Automotive Control & System
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
A Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is known characterized by a robust, simple structure, and low cost. However, its torque density is generally lower than the induction motor (IM) and brushless DC motor (BLDC). In addition, axial SRM produces more torque than radial SRM by the same dimension. In this paper, performance improvement of axial SRM by adding a low-cost magnet in the stator yoke is investigated. A nonrare earth type magnet, Alnico, has been used for this research. Placement and dimensions of low-cost magnet affect performance improvement. Simulation and analysis using Finite Element Magnetic Method (FEMM) and Ansys Maxwell. A comparison between existing axial SRM and axial SRM with low-cost magnet is reported.

Keywords
Axial, Swithced Reluctance Motor (SRM), simulation, low-cost magnet.

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9xfEzaKkUtZh

Corresponding Author
Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo

Institutions
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Demand for electricity is increasing rapidly, the consequence of this is a threat to the stability of the electrical system, one of which is the voltage stability. FACTS or Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System is electronic equipment that is able to regulate electric power transmission that can be used to overcome stability problems. This research will analyze the use of Static Var Compensator (SVC) as one of the equipment from FACTS to overcome the stability of the most critical buses by using the 500 kV Java-Bali electricity system using PSAT. Then the stability of the voltage is observed using the help of the PV curve which can show the value of the voltage conditions in each operating condition. SVC installation on the Java-Bali electricity system of 500 kV obtained an increase in length λ on the Pedan Bus which is equal to 0.233 p.u. (6.01) then on the Tasikmalaya Bus the addition of length λ is 0.0986 p.u. (2.55%) and on the Mandarican Bus the addition of length λ is 0.1228 p.u. (3.17%).

Keywords
Static Var Compensator (SVC), PV Curve, Voltage Stability

Topic
Power Electronics and Its Applications

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DdwG34CZBu9r

Corresponding Author
Endra Joelianto

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
This paper presents an optimization of 3-phase AC motor power consumption by means of intelligent control signal. The control signal is generated by the controller consists of Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller combined with fuzzy logic controller to produce the optimal control signal. The proposed controller is able to minimize the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the response of motor. The PID controller parameters are obtained from the $H_{infty}$ synthesis of the full state feedback form of the motor, and fuzzy logic is designed to reject the noise and to flatten the motor-s response implemented using Raspberry Pi. By generating control signal with the controller, the electric power consumption of the 3-phase AC motor is reduced to 0.58 (4.32%), and the RSME of the motor-s response is decreased to 4.90 (12.26 %).

Keywords
3-phase AC Motor, electric power consumption, robust PID controller, fuzzy logic, Phyton, Raspberry Pi.

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VdX7ejhxQH4w

Corresponding Author
Nirwan Syarif

Institutions
Department of Chemistry Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia
National Center for Sustainable Transporatation Tech.
Bandung, Indonesia

Research Center of Excellence for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen
Universitas Sriwijaya
Palembang, Indonesia

Dept. Recausticizing
PT. OKI Pulp & Paper
Kayu Agung, Indonesia

Abstract
The research of the development kerosene soot carbon particles and its application as electrode for lithium ion battery has been done. The carbon was prepared from kerosene by using thermal plasma pyrolisis and characterized by Boehm titration in order to determine the carbon functional group, point zero charge for surface charge and X-ray diffraction for crystalography. Carbon was mixed with polianilin to form anode and mixed with lithium, iron salts and phosphate to form LiFePO4 as cathode. Both electrodes were fabricated into lithium ion battery with Li2SO4 as electrolyte. The performance of battery was measured with the variaton of electrolyte concentration i e., 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M. Boehm titration result showed that the carbon has acid functional groups greater than base functional group as 6.90 mgeq. 4.80 of point zero charge pH was in acid condition. The crystalography of carbon as anode presented in diffractogram showed 2θ = 23.68 and 42.33 of diffraction peaks and indicated graphite crystal in the carbon. CV measurement reveal that the oxidation occurred at the peak of anode current, i e., 0.015 A for 0.3 V whereas the reduction occured at the -0.3 V and 0.007 A. A Galvanostatic charge discharge measurenment showed that The highest capacity is obtained in 0.52 mAh/g with a voltage of 0.71 Volts, which is the 500th cycle. The lowest capacity is obtained in only 0.15 mAh/g of 0.2 Volts, that is in cycle 1st

Keywords
electrode, kerosene, boehm titration, pH, pzc, voltammogram, diffractogram, LIB, galvanostatic

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fAyzUhKcVL8v

Corresponding Author
Abdul Hakim Masyhur

Institutions
a) Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganeca 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*hakim[at]ftmd.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Commercial freight vehicle is essential for daily goods distribution from one place to another. It is quite common that freight operators load their trucks beyond the allowable weight limit to maximize profit. This behavior leads to deterioration of road surface in Indonesia, which significantly increases road maintenance cost. To remedy the situation, anterior strategy would be to provide overload prevention device, while posterior strategy should measure vehicle weight while it is moving and detect the overloaded vehicle. This paper deals with the first strategy, in which a bluetooth-based wireless strain measuring system is developed. The main subsystem which consisted of strain gage, Wheatstone bridge, Arduino Nano plus strain amplifier and Bluetooth modules, is placed on the load picking component of the vehicle, while additional subsystem consisted of Arduino Nano plus Bluetooth module and relays, is attached to the ignition wiring. Laboratory experiment showed that the system works and the design achieved the intended purpose, in the sense that it will cut engine power supply and trigger the alarm when the vehicle is overloaded. As a future work, we will install the system in a real vehicle to observe the performance of the system in an actual situation.

Keywords
Freight overload prevention, Wireless measurement, Bluetooth, Arduino, Strain gage, Strain amplifier

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/REF6YwKQdAj7

Corresponding Author
Mochammad Ariyanto

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering
Diponegoro University
Semarang, Indonesia
*mochammad_ariyanto[at]ft.undip.ac.id
b) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT),
Indonesia

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a car model that can detect edge, line, and corner of the road and also the model can detect the red color of a traffic light. The car model is equipped with a camera that is used for computer vision purpose. The image comes from a camera is read by using Raspberry Pi single board computer. The algorithms for image processing method are selected to detect edge, line, corner and traffic light of the road model. The algorithms are developed in Simulink diagram block and embedded into Raspberry Pi using Simulink Support Package for Raspberry Pi Hardware. The embedded algorithms for detecting line, edge, corner and red color of traffic light will be tested. The test will be conducted in real time mode. Based on the test results, the embedded image processing algorithms can successfully detect line, edge, and corner of the road image, and it can detect the red color of traffic light image.

Keywords
image processing; Raspberry Pi; real time; car model

Topic
Control System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4B2Ga3RZcJAH

Corresponding Author
Raynald Masli

Institutions
(a) Department of Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of tecnology, Jalan Ganeca No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*masliray20041997[at]gmail.com
(b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bandung Institute of tecnology, Jalan Ganeca No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
As a form of transportation mode, railway vehicle must be able to protect passengers from fatalities while accidents occur. For that purpose, some parts of the vehicle are designed to dissipate impact energy and to guarantee passengers protection. This paper presents study on the performance improvement of impact energy absorbing system on light rail transit (LRT) by implementing an array of rectangular column crash boxes system. Numerical simulations were carried out with finite element method in order to evaluate response of the structures subjected to axial impact loads based on the International regulation, UIC/EN 15227. The crashworthiness performance of proposed design was then compared to those of the baseline system which used C-channel crash boxes. The systems performance indicators are the weight reduction and crashworthiness parameters. The simulations results showed that the proposed design is better since it is 42 kg lighter and from 5 crashworthiness parameters, 4 are improved.

Keywords
crashworthiness; light rail transit; collision; rectangular crash boxes; structural efficiency

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Dh8GFd4KABEH

Corresponding Author
Putu Hendra Widyadharma

Institutions
1) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

2) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia

3) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

4) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
LiNi1-x-yCoxAlyO2 (NCA) is a commonly used material as a cathode in the latest generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB). NCA is a material that practically delivers high specific capacity (~200 mAh.g-1) with excellent electronic and ionic conductivity. Thanks to its extraordinary properties, NCA is projected to be used widely in the future generation of electric vehicles (EVs). Despite its advantages, its long synthesis time at high temperature is one of the problems that hamper its industrial mass production. Herein, we develop a new synthesis method by involving microwave-assisted heat treatment to reduce synthesis time and thus improve energy efficiency. In this work, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) was successfully synthesized by using chemical co-precipitation method followed by microwave-assisted heat treatment. The resulted materials were then characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). It was revealed that 15 minutes of microwave heating was able to cut 50% of 12 h total heat treatment time, marked with the successfully formed crystalline structure of NCA. Besides, NCA that was synthesized via microwave heating showed better electrochemical performance than NCA synthesized using a conventional method, indicated by a decrease of Rct in EIS measurement and an increase of specific capacity.

Keywords
lithium ion battery (LIB), cathode material, NCA, microwave-assisted heating

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bCYvHJtnPUNk

Corresponding Author
Samuel Rahardian

Institutions
(a)Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(b)National Center for Sustainable Transportaion Technology

Abstract
Battery development is essential to satisfy green technology trend that requires electric based technology. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the most popular battery that has been used in various electric technology. However, LIB has concern on safety aspect by using liquid electrolyte which is prone to thermal failure that leads to flame or explosion. Solid-state battery (SSB) recent development could handle such thermal problem due to non-flammable characteristic of solid electrolyte. SSB also has potential for future main battery candidates due to high energy & power density. Although there are many advantages, SSB also has several problems in recent development. Interfacial stability, low ionic conductivity on room temperature, mechanical properties, etc. need to be studied further to make adjustment for further development. This review would give information regarding recent progress on SSB development from various type of electrolyte and failure mechanism.

Keywords
Battery, solid-state, electrolyte, interfacial stability, SSB development.

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Nng3bLvjqUAw

Corresponding Author
Yuslena Sari

Institutions
(a) Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia Banjarmasin, Indonesia
yuzlena[at]ulm.ac.id
(b) Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia Banjarmasin, Indonesia
andreyan.baskaraa[at]ulm.ac.id
(c) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat,
National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
Banjarmasin, Indonesia
puguh.prakoso[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
Cracks are one type of pavement surface damages, whose assessment is very important for developing road network maintenance strategies, which aims to ensure the functioning of the road and driving safety. Existing methods for automatic crack detection depend mostly on expensive equipment and high maintenance and cannot divide the crack segments accurately. This paper discusses an automation method of classification and segmentation of asphalt pavement cracks. The goal of the research is to classify asphalt pavement cracks using the classification method of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and segmentation method of the OTSU algorithm. The OTSU algorithm for segmentation has advantages in choosing the optimal threshold that is stable. This algorithm is proven to be more effective and stronger than conventional segmentation algorithms. For detection results, the proposed method achieves overall accuracy.

Keywords
crack; SVM; segmentation; OTSU

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rEaWLyFzM3QR

Corresponding Author
LEN Len

Institutions
LEN

Abstract
Electric vehicle is the future for automotive and is inevitable to avoid. Sooner or later, Indonesia, as a developing country, will start to implement electric vehicle whether the technology come from the outside or from the inside. PT Len Industri has a long record of research and development experience as it is originally a national research institute before transforming into a state owned enterprise. Using this experience of developing new technology, PT Len Industri starts to develop the technology for electric vehicle. As a state owned enterprise, it should also keep business as top priority. Having this kind of privilege, PT Len Industri can become the bridge between the development of electric vehicle technology and the requirement from business side.

Keywords
Electric Vehicle

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/r7CVJnaP2hAk

Corresponding Author
ICEVT Contact

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
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Keywords
Sample

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Kf2y7BE4maDL

Corresponding Author
Daniel Irawan

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

Abstract
The research in the electric vehicle requires a safe Reserved Energy Storage System (RESS) that is durable and crashworthy enough to withstand a harsh environment, especially ground impact from stone chips on the road. RESS, which typically uses lithium-ion type battery, is posed to the jeopardy of thermal runaway as an aftermath of intrusion into the cell body. Thermal runaway might happen because the separator between the anode and cathode spoil and fail to keep both from making contact that results in a short circuit. Nowadays, metallic structures have been applied underneath the cells to protect RESS, although not so useful. Not just the extra mass, it cannot hold the impact properly. This research focuses on a composite-based protective layer applying sandwich panel structures for a stiffer layer. Conducted using non-linear finite element analysis with LS-DYNA solver, this research takes multiple design variables into accounts such as layer thickness, topology, and orientation while maintaining the base material of plain weave Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The variables that are set as performance indicators are mainly cell deformation and energy absorbed. Among the two topologies tested, Navy Truss is proven to get along better with composite material than Blast Resistant Adaptive Sandwich (BRAS) model. This occurs since the Navy Truss absorbs energy by undergoing progressive crushing, BRAS structures collapse within the supports. In the Navy Truss itself, various orientations are tested, and it is found that the most effective orientation is [(0/90)2/[(45/-45)/(0/90)]3]s. Compared to the metallic structure, profusely there has been 36 percent mass saving.

Keywords
crashworthiness, sandwich panel, composite, CFRP, NavTruss, BRAS, RESS

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pcLUFKq9yxEB

Corresponding Author
Hari Maghfiroh

Institutions
Dept. Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Indonesia

Abstract
Railway systems, especially electric railway, are more efficient compared to another mode of transportation. However, it consumes a lot of electrical power. Therefore, improving energy efficiency is a great interest to reduce operational cost. Traction motor consumes a lot of portion of energy in railway rolling stock. In this paper, the comparative study between Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) sensored and IFOC-sensorless are studied in both performance and energy viewpoint to know which one has better efficiency. MRAS is chosen as speed estimation in sensorless method. Case studies with constant track and variable track were performed. The result shows that sensorless method using MRAS can be applied in railway application. However, its performance is decreases in braking mode shown by acceleration fluctuation. However, the speed performance is well. According to speed performance both methods have good result. In the energy point of view, sensored method resulted more energy from regenerative braking. From the total energy consumption, sensored method can save energy up to 33.76 % compared with sensorless method in constant track.

Keywords
railway, traction motor, motor control, sensorless

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Q432ndLDHxty

Corresponding Author
Ojo Kurdi

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
National Center of Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Melaka (UTEM), Melaka, Malaysia

Abstract
At present the bus is a means of transportation which is believed to be able to overcome the problem of mass transportation and is expected to reduce the density of traffic flow. The reality in the field of traffic accidents involving buses often occurs, including buses that have slips, rolled over, collided with other vehicles or fellow buses from the front, rear and side, and so on. The choice of material in the frame structure must be considered, where the material must have characteristics that are light, strong against impact, because it will experience static and dynamic loading. This is intended so that there is no structural failure at any time. In this study, a side crash simulation was carried out on the frame structure of a medium-sized electric bus using 3 different types of material. The first material is the standard material of JIS 3445 STKM 13A. Then after simulating with a safe standard material, a simulation with alternative materials is carried out namely Aluminum 6005A T6 and Aluminum 6061 T6. The choice of alternative materials aims to reduce the weight of the vehicle and still pay attention to the security factor in the form of residual space. In the three types of simulated materials, the Baja JIS 3445 STKM 13A material weighs 2456 Kg, displaces 96.72 mm and voltage 215.5 MPa. Then the material of Aluminum 6005A T6 has a weight of 1122 Kg, displacement of 109.8 mm, and a voltage of 230.5 MPa. While the material of Aluminum 6061 T6 has a weight of 941.9 kg, displacement of 103 mm, and voltage of 270.5 MPa. From the results of the simulations that have been made, the recommendations for the material that can be used on a medium size electric bus are Aluminum 6061 T6.

Keywords
Electric Bus, Side Collision, Superstucture, Residual Space, Alternative Material

Topic
EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8Nt63PAUJeVD

Corresponding Author
Christopher Fernaldy Kusuma

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
The battery state of charge and energy consumption are two parameters which are characterized by the usage of an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV). Those two parameters should be simulated in order to design the EREV properly according to different design needs, therefore a simulation method is needed. This work tries to establish a simulation method for the simulation of EREV battery state of charge and energy consumption. The EREV propulsion system modeling required for the simulation method are obtained from the general and electric vehicle engineering. Driving cycle data is also involved in the simulation. After the simulation method has been established, this work also validates the established simulation method with two validation methods. The validation step shows that the established simulation method is able to produce satisfying energy consumption simulation results. However, this simulation method needs to be provided with data and modeling, which comply with the simulated EREV, in order to produce a more satisfying battery state of charge simulation result. This work offers an initial perspective of EREV simulation, especially for the battery state of charge and energy consumption. The established simulation method can hopefully contribute to the design process of EREVs in the future.

Keywords
extended-range electric vehicle, EREV, battery state of charge, energy consumption, simulation, method, propulsion system, driving cycle

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Yy3gAwLGJqbK

Corresponding Author
Irsyad Nashirul Haq

Institutions
(1,2)Graduate Student at Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(1)ariwibawak[at]gmail.com (2)handre.kerthautama[at]gmail.com

(3,4,5) Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(3)edi[at]tf.itb.ac.id,
(4)irsyad[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(5)supri[at]tf.itb.ac.id,

(4) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The lithium-ion batteries (LIB) frequently being used in the electric vehicle due to high energy density, high power density, and fairly long-life cycles. In this paper, LIB applied to electric trike which becoming very popular recently. Performance and life cycles of LIB sensitive to temperature, so it is necessary to maintain the temperature condition in the range of -20oC to 40oC. Temperature significantly affects the performance of the LIB battery and also limits the applications of the LIB battery. To be able to maintain the temperature of LIB at optimum temperature, the temperature distribution inside the LIB pack should be investigated first. This paper study the temperature distribution of the LIB pack used in the electric trike. Pack geometry, as well as the surrounding condition, first build in Solidworks. The geometry model then imported to Comsol Multiphysics to study phenomena of mass transport and heat transfer within the LIB pack and surrounding area. The main objective of this study is to lay the foundation to design the battery thermal management system (BTMS) in the LIB pack for the electric trike.

Keywords
lithium-ion batteries, thermal characteristic, temperature distribution, electric trike

Topic
Cooling System for Electric Vehicle

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RVK97qjQYprN

Corresponding Author
Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

Institutions
a) Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*natanaelmassie2009[at]gmail.com
b) Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Abstract
Electrified vehicles (EV) entry to the Indonesian automotive market at the moment is relatively new, with market penetration being modest at best. This study discusses two major socioeconomic aspects of EVs in their early ventures in the country. First, we examine the feasibility and the impact of accelerating the development of electric cars in Indonesia in economic, environmental, and fiscal aspects. Second, we use primary data analysis by conducting users and prospective car users in the Greater Jakarta area to elicit the consumers- preferences for electric cars. In this analysis, we specifically estimate the necessary price incentives for each of the EV types, i.e., Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), to gain certain market exposure in the country. We also utilize simulation method in estimating the impacts of various scenarios of policies in accelerating the use of EV vehicles on the automotive industry market and the automotive component industry, as well as government (fiscal), environmental (CO2 emission reduction) and macroeconomic revenues. Our findings suggest that considerable amount of price and non-price incentives is needed to encourage Indonesian consumers to consider EVs compared to ICE. On the environmental and fiscal perspective, we find PHEV serve as the better vehicle to be introduced into the country-s automotive landscape, with a prudent mixture of the three aforementioned EV being also a viable option.

Keywords
Electrified vehicle; Socioeconomic impacts; Incentives; Indonesia

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WrPdMaJnckpU

Corresponding Author
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin

Institutions
a) Research Center for Advanced Vehicle (RCAVe), Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Indonesia
danardon[at]ui.ac.id
b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Riau, 28293, Indonesia
nazaruddin[at]eng.unri.ac.id
c) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Darma Persada, 13450, Indonesia

Abstract
University Indonesia has developed several electric vehicles, one of which is an electric bus. In order to fulfill the local content of this vehicle, reverse engineering of the R260 ladder frame type chassis is carried out. In this paper, to fulfill the local content, we used material of the ladder frame is type SS 400 from PT. Krakatau Steel. After the model was created successfully with finite element software, a static analysis was carried out by taking the von-misses stress and the deflection from the simulation results. Loading is carried out evenly over the two main beam ladder frames totaling 14,200 kg. The support placed in the mounting position of the front and rear wheel leaf springs. The distance of the front overhang is 2380 mm, the wheelbase is 6000 mm, and the rear overhang is 3290 mm. The resulting approach is carried out assuming a three-beam and two-overhang beam model. The results obtained include a maximum von misses stress of 75.8 MPa, a maximum deflection of 2,568 mm and the lowest safety factor 3.2.

Keywords
chassis, ladder frame, von-misses stress, local content, electric vehicle

Topic
EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/y8ChMvXzmGdD

Corresponding Author
Mohd Shukri Yob

Institutions
UTeM

Abstract
In the automotive industry, thin-walled chassis is widely used due to high strength and stiffness-to-weight ratio. For a vehicle, the functions of chassis are to carry loads, protect passengers and cars components. Since the chassis is the heaviest part for a vehicle, it must be designed with higher strength and stiffness-to-weight ratio to produce energy-efficient vehicle (EEV). For a chassis, its strength and stiffness greatly depend on the joint stiffness. In automotive production, chassis is formed by joining thin-walled beams using the welding technique. However, it will expose this chassis to buckling and joint flexibility effect that will reduce its strength and stiffness. In this research paper, the effect of vertical gusset plate to the stiffness of the thin-walled chassis will be carried out using the experimental method under bending and torsional loads. From these experiments, it is found that the bending stiffness increases by about 25.45% while torsional stiffness increases 84.75% when vertical gusset plates are introduced. From this study, it is proven that the vertical gusset plate is a good alternative to improve bending and torsional stiffnesses of thin-walled chassis.

Keywords
Vehicle structure, Reinforcement, thin-walled structure

Topic
Lightweight Structure

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KTLbEvq92JfA

Corresponding Author
Puguh Budi Prakoso

Institutions
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia
National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
e-mail: ifradam[at]ulm.ac.id, puguh.prakoso[at]ulm.ac.id, utami.s.lestari[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
In order to improve the public transportation service in the city of Martapura, the expectations from the side of the users are required to know. These factors are essential because a good public transportation service according to the passenger expectations will encourage the users to utilize more public transportation. Therefore, this study has goals to understand the factors of choosing public transportation (minibus) from the user expectations, to investigate the lack of the service and performance of the existing public transportation and to find a solution of improving public transportation service in the city of Martapura. Partial Least Square (PLS) method was employed to perform data analysis of a questionnaire survey from the passengers. The study demonstrates that the most important factors expected by the passengers are schedule and waiting time, fare system, safety, environmental impact, mode-s integration and connection, driver attitude, vehicle performance and capacity, access and performance of the bus stops, passenger comfort and information.

Keywords
passenger expectation, public transport, PLS

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4kBfwCtTyGKd

Corresponding Author
Oktaviardi Bityasmawan Abdillah

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(b) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta, 12220
(c) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(d) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak
Indonesia
(e) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
*ferry[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Due to its excellent properties, such as superior electrical conductivity and large surface area, graphene has been extensively studied for its application as anode material for lithium battery application. Graphene fabrication via the electrochemical exfoliation route is promising due to the low-cost and straightforward process. Herein, we added a pre-treatment of graphite sheet raw material using the immersion process in H2SO4/H2O2 mixture to pre-intercalate graphite before the exfoliation process. Pre-treatment time in the constant H2SO4/H2O2 volume ratio was optimized to obtain the best electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance. On the prepared samples, the optimum period is 3 minutes, which generates the electrical conductivity of 3298 S m-1. The smallest charge transfer resistance yielded is 55.90 Ohm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy were utilized for characterizing the morphology and elemental composition of samples.

Keywords
charge transfer resistance, electrical conductivity, electrochemical exfoliation, graphene, pre-treatment

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bfEQAVH2hcjK

Corresponding Author
Firman Bagja Juangsa

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
The rapid development of renewable energy generation and electric vehicle utilization has effect on increasing demand of battery performance as the energy storage, including lithium-ion and well-developed and commercially available type of battery. In order to increase energy density, silicon is employed as anode electrodes due to its high specific capacity. However, silicon electrode has a limited cycle due to expansion and shrinkage during operation cycle, which leads to the mechanical failure. Nanostructured silicon has been reported to enhance the life cycle with various combination with other materials, including polymer. In this paper, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are produced plasma chemical vapor deposition with controllable particle size. SiNPs with different particle size were produced while maintaining the crystallinity and narrow size distribution. Nanocomposite of SiNPs and polymer were produced by solution processing at low temperature, enabling a low cost of fabrication and preserves the unique properties of SiNPs. Material characterization on nanocomposite provides a potential application of SiNPs as anode material in li-ion batteries.

Keywords
li-ion battery, silicon, nanoparticle, nanocomposite

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dKXe8zYjtHhx

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Rizalul Wahid

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) as a driving force has a very important role in an electric vehicle because it is able to produce a large torque about 12.3 Nm and the speed is about 9600 rpm. There is no model that represents the real SRM motor. Model identification is done by using the Black Box method in the Matlab System Identification Toolbox (SIT). The speed output of the SRM motor is measured externally by a sensor based on the hall effect principle, which gives a high pulse of 4.27 volts every it detects an existing magnet at the motor rotation. The speed sensor of motor is simulated and validated using the Intelligent Schematic Input System (ISIS) software on the Proteus before it is implemented into the SRM motor. The results are obtained in the form of transfer function system with order 1 and order 2. The order 1 has a match with the real data of 93.65% and the order 2 has a greater match value of 93.7%.

Keywords
Electric Vehicles, Black Box Method, System identification, Switched reluctance motor (SRM),

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fhXV73DgYvFA

Corresponding Author
Ratih Rachmatika

Institutions
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta

Abstract
The general problem of operational power transformer was appearing in both thermal and electrical failure. Most of the power transformer usually used insulator oil that was functioning as cooler and to dissolve its hazardous gas in order not to circulate independently. Identifying type and number of gas concentration, which was dissolved in oil could provide information about the indication of failure that occurs in the transformer. Method for identifying and analyzing dissolved gas in the oil was called dissolved gas analysis (DGA). Procedure for oil sampling of testing DGA with a method of Morgan Schaffer was using syringe. In the use of syringe, after taking oil sample into syringe and then syringe was extracted to separate components of dissolved gas. Utilizing syringe in the process of extraction was not maximal since it had to be manually done the process of extraction for each syringe. In this research, it was done in making automatic syringe shaker, which could do an extraction of transformer oil to extract dissolved gas in the transformer oil automatically. This research would also determine the time and speed variable to obtain optimizing syringe shaker. This instrument used a DC motor as a driving source. Based on data, which was obtained, the percentage of extraction level that was obtained with using automatic syringe shaker transformer oil was smaller compared with the manual process and it had an error level of 0.124%.

Keywords
Automatic Syringe Shaker, Method Dissolved Gas Analysis, Transformer Oil, DC Motor

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CYu9qnZhcP4K

Corresponding Author
Mufti Reza Aulia Putra

Institutions
(a) Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret
(b) Departement of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract
Braking system by using friction is critical in electric vehicles. However, the use of excessive friction will cause a decrease in braking performance. One alternative solution is to use the Eddy current braking system (ECB). ECB is a braking system that utilizes eddy currents generated by induction when the rotor rotates due to the magnetic field produced by the stator. This study discusses the use of ECB for electric motorcycle disk braking systems. This study aims to determine the effect of air gap on braking performance of ECB on an electric motor. The finite element (FEM) method was used in ECB performance modeling. The results showed that the need for a combination of motorcycle disks with disks that match the ECB with maximum torque at 12Nm. It can be concluded that using ECB can effectively increase the braking power by reducing friction on the braking disk. It means the ECB system can extend the life of the braking disc.

Keywords
Brakes; Eddy Current Brake; Electromagnetic

Topic
Transportation Safety

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vA6rBgzum3Tw

Corresponding Author
Joga Dharma Setiawan

Institutions
Universitas Diponegoro
joga.setiawan[at]ft.undip.ac.id

Abstract
Electric vehicles have the advantage of regenerative braking in which the electric motor can be used as a generator to convert the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle into electrical energy during the braking process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of vehicle inertia on the voltage and electrical power profiles at the ultracapacitors as the energy storage system (ESS) and the vehicle speed during the motoring and the generating modes. In this study, an induction motor is used. The combination of regenerative and mechanical braking systems is regulated by the control logic to meet the drivers request. The mathematical model of a regenerative parallel braking system is coded in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show the profiles of electric power flow, energy flow, mechanical braking torque, braking torque by the motor, and the State of Charge (SOC) of the ultracapacitor stacks.

Keywords
Regenerative braking, SOC, ultracapacitors, flywheel, generating mode

Topic
Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BewnaCkHc8AM