Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Nadiya Ayu Astarini

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advance Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Material research for harvesting energy is increasing in an effort to find alternative renewable energy devices. A lot of thermal energy wasted in everyday life. Research for various alternative high-capacitance supercapacitor materials continue to be encouraged. SrTiO3 shows a good electrical and dielectric properties, as well as defect induced structure. Modification of local structure using Pb dopant on the SrTi1-xPbxO3 was applied for exploring the scientific information and its potential applications intensively. Synthesis of SrTi1-xPbxO3 was prepared by solid-state reaction method. The powder was then calcined, pressed into pellet, and subsequently sintered at 860 C. Various fraction of lead (Pb) dopants were carried out in 0.00; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.1 molar ratio. The structure, morphology, and thermoelectric properties of SrTi1-xPbxO3 composite powder were performed by using X-Ray Diffraction, SEM-EDX, and temperature induced conductivity. EDX data analysis revealed that the composition of the sample was in accordance with the composition designed. XRD data analysis with Cu-Ka wavelength indicated the single phase was identified and a slight change in lattice parameters was observed. Sixfold symmetry of the local octahedral structure also changed to a tetragonal structure after introducing the amount of Pb element. For investigating electrical properties of SrTi1-xPbxO3, I-V meter was applied. Furthermore, electrical conductivity and dielectric constant will be discussed in detail. Loading higher Pb fraction promoted the electrical conductivity measured at various temperatures. Increasing conductivity is one indicator that this system potentially enhanced electronic exchange of supercapacitor in SrTi1-xPbxO3 system.

Keywords
supercapacitor, SrTiO3, Pb, structure, temperature electrical conductivity

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NRTFfvx6jLPQ

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
In recent years, the application of Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles for energy especially for battery has increased significantly. Therefore, the development of synthesis method and fundamental characterization becomes essential to be conducted. In this study, Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using coprecipitation and sonication methods, respectively. Meanwhile, Fe3O4/polyaniline and TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposites were synthesized using polymerization method. The samples obtained were then characterized by XRD, FTIR spectrometer, and UV-vis spectrometer. The results of the XRD analysis showed that polyaniline reduced the crystallinity of Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles. However, polyaniline did not change the crystal structure of Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles in the forms of cubic spinel and tetragonal structures, respectively. Moreover, Ti-O-Ti and Fe-O functional groups were detected at the range of the wavelength of 820-620 cm-1 and 410-520 cm-1. The addition of polyaniline was also detected by the functional groups of polyaniline presenting interaction of Fe3O4 and TiO2 with Polyaniline. Meanwhile, the results of UV-Vis analysis demonstrated that polyaniline caused the bandgap energy of Fe3O4 and TiO2 insignificantly decreased from 2.186 eV to 2.174 eV, and from 3.374 eV to3.320 eV, respectively.

Keywords
Fe3O4, TiO2, polyaniline, nanoparticle, bandgap energy.

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C6Yx74ZUT9Bq

Corresponding Author
nandang mufti

Institutions
UM

Abstract
Fe2O3/ZnO heterojunction has attracted great attention due to the possibility of overcoming the limitation of a single layer of semiconductor electrodes which has a very low Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell efficiency. It is due to the fact that a combination of Fe2O3 and ZnO can effectively increase the separation of electrons and holes, thus improve the photocatalytic activity of PEC cells based on the structural coordinates of their energy levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Fe2O3, ZnO and Fe2O3/ZnO films to PEC efficiency. The Fe2O3, ZnO and Fe2O3/ZnO films were fabricated by a spin coating and doctor blade methods, respectively. All the films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Based on structural results, Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles can grow well on ITO substrate and they exhibit trigonal and hexagonal crystal structures, respectively. Moreover, we found that the PEC efficiency increases after ZnO are coated on Fe2O3 film.

Keywords
photoelectrochemical, photoanode, heterojunction, Fe2O3, ZnO, efficiency

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/468GgJMWkebL

Corresponding Author
Lydia Anggraini

Institutions
President University

Abstract
Abstract. This research examines the utilization of exhaust energy in a 3x1 MW Gas Engine Power Plant in Bawean Island, Indonesia. The feasibility method is using water-lithium bromide (H2O-LiBr) as the absorption refrigeration technology. Furthermore, banana is also used for cold storage to overcome waste energy utilization. This system is used because of harness inexpensive energies source waste heat from gas and has no ecological dangers, such as the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming. The temperature of exhaust gas is 500oC. The cooling load for cold storage with thermodynamics models and consistent fluid properties, performance and size of cold storage were also investigated. The results obtained that higher output of cold storage is from the internal factor compared with the external factor. The area 300 m3 is applied for cold storage, 100 kg for a capacity load of banana with 5oC temperature, 85% humidity, 24 hours operation, 1292 W cooling load, and 371 TR. The experimental results obtained of the absorption refrigerant with Tevaporation is 5oC, 403 TR capacity and Qabsorption of 984 kW, Qgenerator of 1066 kW, Qevaporation of 1411 kW, Qcondenser of 1493 kW, with the coefficient of performance (COP) absorption is 1.32 and power consumption of 158.25 kW. Furthermore, after the calculation, analysis and field experimenting, the internal factor of cooling load is higher than the external factor sourced from banana cold storage. This phenomenon occur is maybe caused by the product to be cooled, following the cooling capacity is soaring. Thus, the exhaust energy in 3x1 MW Gas Engine Power Plant is successfully utilized by the absorption refrigerant system.

Keywords
Absorption Refrigerant System, Cold Storage, Water-Lithium Bromide, COP absorption, Cooling Capacity

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rPwAe7C2N6xL

Corresponding Author
Martijanti Martijanti

Institutions
UI, ITB,Unjani

Abstract
Bamboo fibers have advantages of renewable, biodegradable, abundant availability, and cheap which could be a potential substitute of synthetic materials. Tensile strength of this bamboo is important requirements in various structural application. In this research, fiber fabrication process optimization of 3 types of local bamboo namely Gombong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea), Haur Hejo (Bambusa tuldoides), and Tali (Gigantochloa apus) was investigated. These fibers were processed by varying the NaOH concentrations, immersion times, and immersion temperatures. The process parameters and its level variations of bamboo fiber fabrication were optimized using Taguchi method. Then the contribution of each process parameter was observed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). From Taguchi method, the optimal parameter for highest tensile strength was obtained from Tali bamboo, indicated by 4% NaOH, 2 hours immersion time, and 60oC immersion temperature. From ANOVA, the contributions for each parameter are 70 % for bamboo type, 7 % for NaOH concentration, 4 % for immersion time, and 17 % for immersion temperature with error contribution of 2%. FTIR analysis was carried in order to observe chemical bonding in bamboos which were indicated Tali bamboo has larger lignin levels decreasing than Haur Hejo and Gombong.

Keywords
Bamboo fibers, process optimization, Taguchi, ANOVA, FTIR spectrum, Tali, Haur Hejo, Gombong bamboos.

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C8zXVv4UPeLQ

Corresponding Author
Samsul Hidayat

Institutions
1) Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
3) Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
4) Jurusan Elektro FT Universitas Negeri Malang
5) Mahasiswa Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The progress has been made towards of unmanned aircraft development increasing rapidly and usefull. Monitoring of hazardous areas, fertilizer sowing in paddy fields, the spread of insecticides in rice fields can be easily implemented and fast. Multirotor drones have agility maneuvers. The maneuver is produced by a fast spinning of propeller motion. If one of the propellers is interrupted, the planes flight becomes unstable. The stability of the UAV is a task of the flight controller. Flight controllers maintain stability on the basic of information received by the gyro sensor. But the flight controller never knows ESC conditions, flight controller always send commands only to the ESC . If the ESC is damaged, the flight controller doesnt to know. If this happens, the flight controller will give the ESC command to work optimally, and then the flight controller sees ESCs work on the report from the gyro sensor. Flight controller doesnt know ESC failed, or motor failed. In fact, for multirotor, this can result in a major accident. In addition, if the ESC performance is bad, the motor rotation also unstable too. For this reason, a motor failure sensor and ESC need to be built. The ESC failure sensor design involved 3 current sensors and an ESC control signal from the flight controller. The inconsistency between the instructions from the flight controller and the outflow will be reported in the form of a hazard warning after being processed by the microcontroller. This output can be followed up to be fed to the flight controller or flash light or sound warning, depending on the configurator. In the design of this safety system, the program algorithm for making decisions on the microcontroller involves the amount of current, the duration of the current flow, the amount of peak current and the time of control entering ESC.

Keywords
ESC, flight controller, current sensing, failure prevention.

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pyucLT9VXvUW

Corresponding Author
Sukarni Sukarni

Institutions
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2 Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
The availability of synthetic waste (SW) continuously increases, but on the contrary, fossil fuels resources always decrease. The potential of SW for alternative fuel is critical to investigate for overcoming the problem generated from its overabundance and to provide its value-added. In this study, the changes of the macromolecular and the mineralogical during the SW combustion processes were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The combustion has been performed by using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at a heating rate of 10 oC/min, from 25 to 1000 oC, with 100 ml/min constant flow rate of air atmosphere. According to the TGA results, the decomposition stage of the sample can be identified as a function of temperature and time. From ambient temperatures to 293 oC the sample experienced the first decomposition process that was correlated with the moisture losses and light volatile release. Macromolecular changes have occurred at the temperature 293 oC where a functional group of C-H in methylene was decomposed due to the removal of volatile matter. From the temperature of 293 to 485 oC the sample underwent the second stage of decomposition. The XRD result showed that mineral changes occurred at the temperature of 485 oC where KCl compound was formed. In line with the escalating temperature, the SiO2 was decomposed at the temperature of 590 oC. The final stage occurred at the temperature 625 to 1000 oC indicated by constant of TG line. At 625 oC, XRD result indicated the significant increasing of the CaCO3 compound.

Keywords
combustion; synthetic waste; macromolecular; mineralogical

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UBD8MT4JRLHp

Corresponding Author
Purnomo Purnomo

Institutions
(a) Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
* purnomo[at]unimus.ac.id
(b) Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Mechanical failure of zeolite-HDPE material applied to skull bone implants is a material fracture that cannot be controlled. An important step to minimize failure due to fracture is to understand the fracture characteristics indicated by the propagation path pattern. This study aims to investigate the fracture propagation pathways in quasi-static conditions. Injection-molded zeolite-HDPE composites were placed in an environment of ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 200 hours at atmospheric pressure. UV-irradiated Double-edge cracked zeolite-HDPE composite was tested in mode I in a universal testing machine (UTM) with a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min at a constant room temperature of approximately 25oC. The stress and elongation were registered by the UTM. During loading, the evolution of cracks in the ligament length region was recorded with the camera so that the crack propagation pathway until the total fracture occurs can be clearly observed. The results show that the crack propagation pathways pattern were not all straight and parallel to the ligament length. They are also found in a deviant state of the ligament length line by forming an angle &

Keywords
patway, fracture, propagation, double-edge-cracked

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9FyPDmMQbavE

Corresponding Author
Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto

Institutions
a) Department of Electrical Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167 Rd, Malang 65145, Indonesia
* ramasubroto[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The Zeta converter is a DC-DC converter that has a small ripple current and voltage ripple that is widely applied to PFC (power factor correction), photovoltaic generation and so on. However, the characteristics of the open loop response output voltage from the Zeta converter has a considerable overshoot and long settling time. On the other hand, with significant changes at input voltage and load, the output voltage produced by Zeta converter may fluctuate. Therefore, a PID controller based on Fuzzy logic tuning is implemented to regulate the output voltage of Zeta converter. According to simulation results the output voltage with Fuzzy-PID controlled is able to track the desired reference voltage. Compared to PID controller, the output voltage controlled with Fuzzy-PID controller has a smaller voltage deviation and recovery time. At a significant input voltage change the PID controller output response becomes unstable, while the fuzzy-PID controller still produces a good output response.

Keywords
Zeta converter; fuzzy-PID; PID controller; voltage regulation

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bLqfUyVkzDjY

Corresponding Author
Anugrah R.W.

Institutions
UM

Abstract
In order to explore Fe minerals in Tiga Warna (Tiga Warnaed) Beach, we investigated to assess of geochemical fraction of Fe in sediment. The samples were leached of Fe using the optimized BCR microwave method. The optimized of BCR microwave method revealed the high accuracy and precision before Fe assessment. The leached of Fe in each of fraction in sediment were measured by AAS. The same patterns of explored Fe in the geochemical fractions from the sediment fraction 1 (mobile fraction) to fraction 3 (oxidisable fraction) as stated nonresistant sediment fractions showed lower portion of Fe compared with the Fe levels in sediment fraction 4 (residual fraction) or resistant sediment fraction. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) value and the geoaccumulation Index (I-geo) value of sediment samples in blue, green, and red waters indicating that the sediments of Tiga Warnaed Beach are still natural and has not been categorized as polluted.

Keywords
Fe, Sediment, BCR Microwave, PLI, I-geo, Tiga Warnaed Beach

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aYyAWEqfpK2t

Corresponding Author
Samsul Hidayat

Institutions
1*Brawijaya Volcano and Geothermal Research Center, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia
2Magister Program, Department of Physics, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia
3Instrumentation Laboratory, UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang 65415, East Java, Indonesia

Corresponding author : sukir[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Geomagnetic and Geochemical observations have been conducted to identify the geothermal potential of Mt. Pandan Volcano Hosted Geothermal, East Java, Indonesia. Firstly, the magnetic survey was performed using PPM G-856 and running on 80 magnetic stations that cover an area of 9x10 km2. The measurement stations cover two hot springs, Jari and Banyukuning in the Mt. Pandan. The result showed that total magnetic intensity ranged from 446.7nT to 526.3nT. The residual anomaly of contour map revealed that geothermal reservoir was suspected in an area with low magnetic intensity around the hot spring and identified as the volcanic braccia and tuffaceous sandstone. The tentative model from magnetic residual anomaly can show location, depth, and thickness of the geothermal reservoir. The flow pattern the reservoir to manifestation, show the alleged presence of a secondary structure. This indicates that Jari and Banyukuning manifestation have different reservoirs. Furthermore, the geochemistry method has been done to analyze the characteristics of geothermal fluid in this area. Water sample was collected at two hot spring, Jari (Selo Gajah) and Banyukuning. The geochemical data was process using the spectrophotometric method to analyze the concentration of anion and cations that contained in hot springs water. The Geochemical analysis can identify the type and characteristics of the fluid to estimate the reservoir temperature. The results show that the type of water in geothermal system from mount Pandan area are cloride and bicarbonate water. Meanwhile, the geothermometer analysis for Na-K-Ca shows the average of reservoir temperature is arround 130 C and classified into medium entalphy system.

Keywords
Geomagnetic, Geothermal, Mount Pandan, geochemistry, reservoir temperature, medium enthalpy

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xg67p3RjMec2

Corresponding Author
Okky Putri Prastuti

Institutions
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia, Gresik 61122 Indonesia
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
3Department of Material Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

Abstract
Indonesia has a huge potential for biomass resources. The energy source from biomass has the advantage of being an renewable energy source so that it can provide a sustainable source of energy. One source of energy comes from the rest of saw wood. The potential biomass of sawn wood residue reaches 13 Giga Joules per year. Biomass has cellulose and hemicellulose content which when used as fuel will have a low economic value. To support this, the level of lignin contained in the biomass needs to be carried out a process of removal called the delignification process. The existence of a catalyst can accelerate the delignification process where the catalyst selected in this study is the Ceria-Zirconia porous particles catalyst. Ceria-Zirconia particles have been prepared by hydrothermal batch system. Ce(NO3)3.6H2O/ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O mixed solutions were used as starting materials with heating temperature in 200 until 220C. Polystyrene template polymer was injected in the cooling process after the reaction for making porous in the Ceria Zirconia particles. Catalyst of Ceria Zirconia porous particles was then applied to rapeseed wood sample for delignification process during 30 minutes. The delignification analysis showed that Ceria-Zirconia catalyst remove 86% lignin content from rapeseed wood sample over 30 minutes process time.

Keywords
Renewable energy, Biomass, Catalyst, Ceria-Zirconia, Polystyrene

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rfnXDRxYaPwK

Corresponding Author
Anugrah R.W.

Institutions
UM

Abstract
Calcium is a metal whose presence can be used as an indicator of ocean acidification. Acidification of sea water occurs due to the effects of global warming. The form of Ca in calcium carbonate can be leached under acidic conditions. The assessment of Ca is very important to control of coral bleaching. This research used the BCR microwave method to investigate the residence of Ca bound to each fraction. The results showed the residence of 73 percen in fraction 1 and 22 percen in fraction 4 from total of Ca in sludge sediment. The highest level of Ca (64350.27 mg / kg) in the fraction 1 was compared with those in fraction 2, 3, and 4 indicating the easily mobilized of bleaching Ca in seawater and then deposited in sludge sediment.

Keywords
Sludge, Ca, Environmental Change, Risk Assessment, Gulf Coast

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8jMHvGDdEYmb

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Ghufron

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65145
*mghufron[at]ub.ac.id
(b) Graduated Student, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematisc and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya
(c) Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, Malang 65148

Abstract
Electrolyte concentration is one of the important parameters on Lead-Acid Battery (LAB) outcome. Lead-acid battery has been made with static and dynamic electrolyte treatment where 4 variations of electrolyte concentration (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) and 1A current applied in the system during charging-discharging test to analyze the relationship of the electrolyte concentration to the battery characteristic and compare static and dynamic lead-acid battery performance. The experiment results that the capacity of dynamic lead-acid battery increases along with the higher concentration from 20% to 40% but decrease at 50% compared to 40% for 3 first cycle charge-discharge test. The static lead-acid battery unwork at concentration 20% and show the increases capacity along with increases concentration. In capacity and efficiency point of view, dynamic lead-acid show better performance compares to a static lead-acid battery. Both electrodes show that there is a new phase form during the discharge process.

Keywords
Lead-Acid; Energy Storage; Electrolyte Concentration; Capacity; Battery

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CUJYDxQ7TL8R

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Mufid Mas-ud

Institutions
UNS

Abstract
Porous silicon has been fabricated by photolithography and Reactive Ion Etching with various etching times in the previous study. The PSi surfaces have the pore size in the range of for PSi and 17.4 to 37.7 nm for PSi 100. Meanwhile, the PSi has the resistivity around 1.14 to 2.60 10 min4 &

Keywords
porous silicon, photolithography, reactive ion etching, resistivity, reflectance.

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LyNY6zW42G3v

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Mufid Mas-ud

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia
*rsuryana[at]staff.uns.ac.id
2Department of Material Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

Abstract

Keywords
porous silicon, photolithography, reactive ion etching, resistivity, reflectance

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/reAMcndhamBL

Corresponding Author
Sukarni Sukarni

Institutions
State University of Malang

Abstract

Keywords
De-oiled seed, Cerbera manghas, Pyrolysis, Kinetics, Thermodynamic.

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8ycZFQhEjb2X

Corresponding Author
Muzayyin Muzayyin

Institutions
(a)Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, East Java Indonesia,
(b)Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
(c) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, State University of Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: sukarni.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The investigation of renewable energy sources is critical regarding the availability of energy in the future. This study was aimed to understand the potential of Cerbera manghas de-oiled seed by investigating the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters during the pyrolysis process. The de-oiled seed was obtained by the pressing of the seed at 33.8192 N/m2 to release its oil content. To find out the decomposition pattern of de-oiled seed, the thermal analyzer (Mettler Toledo TG-DSC1) was occupied where the mass loss of the sample was observed and recorded during the heating process from 25 up to 900 oC with a heating rate of 15 oC/min, and the nitrogen flow rate of 50 mL/min to prevent oxidation during temperature escalation. The kinetic parameters were studied using the Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the de-oiled seed decomposed into three stages; the first stage occurs at temperatures of 25-178 oC, the second stage occurs at temperatures of 189-488 oC, and the third stage at temperatures of 500-900 oC, with the very low residue of 15.4 % was left over at the final thermal processes. The kinetics analysis resulted in the activation energy, reaction order, and pre-exponential factor of 27.42 kJ/mol, 0.94 and 68,64 min-1, respectively. Following the kinetic results then the thermodynamic parameters were analyzed and resulted in the values of Delta H (Enthalpy), Delta G (Free Gibbs energy), and Delta S (Entropy) that were 22,40 kJ/mol, 171,86 kJ/mol, and -0,2230 kJ/mol, respectively.

Keywords
De-oiled seed, Cerbera manghas, Pyrolysis, Kinetics, Thermodynamic

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Nm4Ubwrxc9y7

Corresponding Author
Mochammad Rifai

Institutions
a)Dept of Air Navigation. Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya
b)Dept. of Marine Electrical Engineering
Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya
rifai.moch.smart[at]gmail.com

Abstract
In the context of energy efficiency, the control function of electrical equipment is an important part of saving electricity consumption. This is proven by several previous studies about the control of electrical equipment that has been successful for efficiency. In this study, electrical equipment will be controlled in public service buildings, using radio frequency (RF) and the internet. This research was realized by making a prototype of radio frequency and internet-based light control devices. For buildings whose location is difficult to reach by the internet, light control uses radio frequency. While for buildings that are affordable by internet access, using the internet to control the light. In this study the microcontroller used is ESP 8266 MCU Node and TCM 3105 FSK IC Modem for connection to the internet. Device performance in running controls is measured by delay. Delay is the time difference between the command input time and the time the device has run the command.The average delay value compared to the distance is 1,313 ms at a distance of 1 m, 25.242 ms at 10 m, and 4,174 ms at 100 m

Keywords
ESP 8266, radio frequency,TCM 3105

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z7bAkg6unc8T

Corresponding Author
Sunaryono Sunaryono

Institutions
UM

Abstract
Composites material that composed of hydrogel polymers and magnetic nanoparticles commonly called magnetic hydrogels have been extensively developed with the focus of research on variations of the two main substances. The previous report, hydrogels have been successfully fabricated by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers and combination of PVA and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the matrix of the polymer. In addition, magnetite has also been widely used as a filler in magnetic hydrogel fabrication due to its magnetic properties and magneto-thermal behavior. To improve the magneto-thermal behavior of magnetic hydrogels, the magnetic hydrogel has been successfully synthesized by using a PVP/PVA polymer as a matrix and magnetite with Mn-doped variations x = 0.3 and 0.6 as filler. Based on the XRD analysis, the particle size of MnxFe3-xO4 powder was 10.4 nm which corresponds to the TEM results which were 9.9 nm. In addition, the nanostructures of magnetic hydrogel samples were characterized by using SAXS instrument and successfully analyzed by using the Two-lognormal, Beaucage and Teubner-Strey functions. The primary and secondary particle sizes of MnxFe3-xO4 powder was 3.3 and 9.8 nm respectively, while the crystallite size and the distance between crystals from the PVP/PVA hydrogel was 8.8 and 39 nm respectively. Furthermore, the magneto-thermal Instrument was also carried out on samples and an average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of 0.00372 W/gr was obtained. This result showed that the magnetic hydrogel has a potential candidate as hyperthermia therapy.

Keywords
magnetic hydrogels, SAXS, primary particle, polymer

Topic
Smart materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Xj2MC48Pzrkv

Corresponding Author
Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana

Institutions
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan

Abstract
Abstract. Subsequent processing through machining for biocompatible Zr-based BMG previously developed is needed in order to enlarge the material application, especially for medical devices. In this study the performance of CuCr tool on EDM process was investigated to cut biocompatible Zr-based BMG having low machinability nature. The experiment utilized volume loss technique to measure the TWR and consecutive SEM observation to reveal the tool wear phenomena of selected tool samples. The tool wear behavior was strongly characterized by the combination of discharge current and pulse-on time, where the larger TWR obtained by higher current and shorter pulse-on time. By SEM analysis, the irregular-shaped surface morphology with the presence of debris was observed on the tool wear region resulted by high discharge energy process. Additionally, the larger crater size, microvoids and numeorous debris particle were also appeared on BMG workpiece surface machined using higher discharge energy.

Keywords
biocompatible Zr-based BMG, electrical discharge machining, tool wear.

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HbBAzCQL6wX4

Corresponding Author
Arief Rahman Hidayat

Institutions
1University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Renewable energy sources that photovoltaic is promising CO2 free alternatives. Photovoltaic has the smallest efficiency value compared to electricity generation from other sources. The effort to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic can use the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The purpose of the MPPT method is to find the maximum power point of the photovoltaic. In this research, optimize maximum power point photovoltaic using MPPT Incremental Conductance (MPPT IC) based PID controller. The DC-DC converter used is the SEPIC converter. The advantage of the SEPIC converter is that the efficiency produced is better than the Buck-Boost converter and Chuck converter. Another advantage of SEPIC Converter has non-inverting output voltage polarity with the input voltage. The results of this study found that using the MPPT IC based PID controller can increase efficiency power output photovoltaic than using MPPT IC conventional.

Keywords
Incremental Conductance, SEPIC Converter, PID, Photovoltaic

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Mfzy9DcvCGTj

Corresponding Author
Binar Surya

Institutions
1 State polytechnic of Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No.9, Jatimulyo, Kec. Lowokwaru, Malang City, East Java 65141

Abstract
This research is about optimizing the dry-system geothermal power plant. To optimizing the performance of a Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) can be done in various ways, one method which can be use is add an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The ORC would be install on the PLTP turbine output. Use the heat of the steam that come out after expansion process in the turbine to evaporated the working fluid (WF) on the ORC evaporator. The ORC is consisting of 4 main systems or components, Evaporator system, Turbine system, Condenser and Pumping system and the Reservoir Tank as additional equipment. Choose R290 as working fluid (WF) among four other candidates such as R134a, R600, R600a, and R152a. The ORC system optimization is focused on the number of WF masses that can generated on the ORC evaporator system. The ORC analysis results in a total energy of 11589 kW with thermal efficiency of 17%. Energy produced by ORC can increase PLTP energy production by 9%.

Keywords
Geothermal, Power Plant, Organic Rankine Cycle, Energy Conversion

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cZJPCWhqjGbD

Corresponding Author
Yanuar Rohmat Aji Pradana

Institutions
1(Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang, No5, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Abstract

Keywords
oil, Effect Of Pressure, Cooling Media

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6V23QvtAmhxY

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
This paper shows that the design and implementation of a parallel full bridge DC-DC converter for a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) system with an incremental conductance method. This system consists of a parallel full bridge DC-DC converter that will increase the output voltage of solar panels with a power of 3x200 WP. The output voltage of the converter will be converted into AC voltage by single phase inverter by using SPWM switching. The results of this system will be used to supply the water pump loads with a power is 125 watts and a frequency of 50 Hz. The system used is able to increase the output power of solar panels with an average value of 19.68% for a 100 watt incandescent lights arranged in series, the load using a water pump with no load conditions that is equal to 35.91%, while the load using a water pump with load conditions that is equal to 21.19%.

Keywords
Incremental Conductance, MPPT, Parallel Full Bridge DC-DC Converter, Single Phase Inverter

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9kK38jqEPzmh

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
Renewable energy is needed as an alternative energy source. One of the implementations of renewable energy is the Solar Power Plan. Solar Power Plan is a component that uses solar cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Unfortunately, the output power of this solar cell depends on the intensity of the light which causes the output power to enter the load to be unstable. Sometimes the PV power decrease because of the shading effect. From this problem a converter is needed to store energy and keep the system output voltage stable. The converter used in this paper is the zeta converter. This Zeta converter can operate like a buck boost converter. The output of the system used is not stable. So that to stabilize it requires good control. In this paper using PI controller to control this system in order to keep the output system stable. The average error after controlling the converter circuit is 0.34%. So that the efficiency of the system can achieve 99%.

Keywords
Photovoltaic, Zeta Converter, PI Controller, DC Nanogrid

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WkcVMDjfbdhP

Corresponding Author
Diego Pradana

Institutions
Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. This research was conducted in the village of Ciporeat, district Cilengkrang, Bandung Regency, the focus of the study on the utilization potential of cow dung into biogas. The purpose of the research is to identify the physical and social conditions that support the utilization of cow dung into biogas, analyzing the potential utilization of cow dung into biogas, and analyzes the efforts of utilization of cow dung into biogas as an alternative energy. This research uses descriptive method, the number of samples as much as 76 respondents, data collection through surveys into the field. The research results show the research area has physical and social conditions that support the utilization of cow dung into biogas. Physical conditions including climatic conditions, availability of water, topography, slope of the slopes and soil. Where as the socio-economic conditions include knowledge about biogas, livelihood, education and income. In addition the village Ciporeat has considerable potential in cow dung into biogas utilization. This can be seen from the number of cows being kept ranchers mostly (51,32%) were kept > 3 tail, cow ownership status with 92,11% proprietary and maintained in its own. But the efforts of cow dung into biogas utilization is still low, it can be seen from the ownership of biogas installation only a fraction only manufacturing costs, 23,68% relatively expensive, biogas energy generated is still a bit so not able to full fill the needs of breeder fuel each day, approximately 48, farm location 69% far enough from home breeders, and the behaviour of ranchers who are lazy and disgust in cow manure processing, thus becoming a factor restricting farmer to take advantage of the cow dung into biogas. It was concluded that the potential utilization of cow dung into biogas in the village of Ciporeat is quite large, but the utilization done effort is still low, so breeders need to do outreach and more intensive training in order for cow dung is not discarded and left well enough alone that can pollute the environment.

Keywords
biogas energy, utilization of cow dung, the potential of biogas

Topic
Biomass, Biofuel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZHGnEYJB6AVq

Corresponding Author
Rini Nur Hasanah

Institutions
1-Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2-Electrical Engineering Department, Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, USA

Abstract
This paper presents a hybrid power controller for electrical systems that incorporates AC and DC sources and loads to power a residential house. The controller is designed to optimize power consumption to draw power primarily from DC, renewable sources as well as draw power from AC, non-renewable sources only when supply from DC sources are insufficient. The device controls power delivered to AC and DC loads and power supplied by AC and DC. The first version of the hardware of the controller was designed and constructed to demonstrate the concept. Results from hardware tests utilizing solar panel, AC grid, and battery as energy sources showed the successful operation of the hybrid controller. The hybrid controller was able to supply a total of 1600W power from pre-conditioned 24V input voltages to a hybrid house with various AC and DC with different voltage and power requirements.

Keywords
ac/dc house, hybrid controller, optimization, power consumption, power controller

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/R8whTcQYarV3

Corresponding Author
Farid Dwi Murdianto

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Madura

Abstract
Partical Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one algorithm that aims to get a minimum or maximum function. This algorithm is based on the behavior of a flock of birds where between individuals influence each other in one group. In this study PSO will be implemented to overcome the problem of power flow at the plant. In this PSO algorithm, the search for solutions is carried out by a population consisting of several particles. The population is randomly generated with the smallest and largest value limitation. This population represents a generator in an electric power distribution system. The plant used in this study was IEEE 30 bus. In IEEE 30 bus there are 6 plants that must be optimized. The IEEE PSO implementation is able to produce 227 MW of power or around 70 MW lower (cheaper) than Newton Raphsons and Fast Decoupled power flow optimization method.

Keywords
Particle Swarm Optimization, Power Flow, IEEE 30 Bus

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CUk9XNWRm6PM

Corresponding Author
Akhmad Al Ittikhad

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The development of energy storage devices encourage sustainability of research on basic materials of supercapacitor technology. SrTiO3 is oxide metal called as titanate alkali metal ATiO3 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca). This material shows an excellent dielectric constant, thus expected to be a potential as raw material of supercapacitor. In this work, boron was used as a dopant on SrTiO3 system. Synthesis SrTi1-xBxO3 was carried out using solid-state reaction method followed by sintering process in various molar ratio. By introducing boron, it was expected to modify its local structure and enhance the electrical properties. The microstructure of SrTi1-xBxO3 compound was identified by X-ray Diffraction with Cu-Ka. Based on XRD data analysis, a single phase of SrTi1-xBxO3 material was confirmed with a slight change in lattice parameters. Furthermore, SEM-EDX was used to observe the morphology and elemental composition of SrTi1-xBxO3. For investigating the electrical conductivity, I-V meter measurement was applied by inducing various temperature. Higher boron fraction in the compound raised the electrical conductivity, thus it will be performed as supercapacitor material.

Keywords
Supercapacitor, SrTiO3, boron, solid-state reaction, electrical properties

Topic
Energy Storage

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zcQf8gKLxbNC