Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Handarto Handarto

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem
Faculty of Agro-industrial Engineering
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
A fog cooling system is applied to maintain the desired air temperature and humidity in a greenhouse. For the effective application of this system, droplet sizes belonging to the fog criteria (less than 60 micron) and its uniformity are important parameters that need to be achieved. The objective of this research is to analyze usage of axial and centrifugal fans in order to enhance quality of droplets that generated through 0.1-mm nozzles. The axial fans are installed behind nozzles while the centrifugal fans are installed 80 cm in front of nozzles. The smaller size and more uniform of droplets could create the micro-climate changes in greenhouse become more uniform. The sizes of droplets resulted by axial fan, centrifugal fan, and both axial and centrifugal fans are 11.90 micron, 5.28 micron and 2.69 micron, respectively. The smaller size and more uniform of droplets could create the micro-climate changes in greenhouse become more uniform. Electric energy consumption for axial and centrifugal fans during 62 cycle (6 h 2 min) on fog cooling system is the smallest compare to the other electrical equipments (fogging pump, relay and solenoid valve). Electric energy before and after using axial and centrifugal fans are 6,002.34 kJ and 6,094.29 kJ, respectively.

Keywords
Axial fan; Centrifugal fan; Droplet quality; Fog cooling system; Greenhouse

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XLpyZcGEkK82

Corresponding Author
Guntarti Tatik Mulyati

Institutions
ugm

Abstract
This paper studies important factors that influence the physical workload of rice harvesters. Rice harvesting in Java, Indonesia, uses traditional and semi-mechanical harvests that require significant physical energy. Ergonomic Risk Factors (ERFs) are skeletal, muscle, and peripheral nerve disorders called Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Surveys and observations in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, many independent variables and one dependent variable is Cardiovascular Load (CVL), in multiple linear regression equations. Respondents were worker who harvested manual and semi-mechanical methods. Age and ambient temperature variables correlate strongly with CVL manual worker. CVL semi-mechanical harvest worker are strongly correlated with age and heart rate. By F test, manual worker workload, 94.5% is significantly influenced by variables of age, smoking habits, heart rate and ambient temperature. CVL semi-mechanical workers are only 91.1%. To avoid high CVL, the age factor of workers is a major consideration. MSDs occur in the upper and lower back for manual workers, semi-mechanical workers on the lower back and both hands. From the assessment of work posture in 4 elements of harvesting, transporting was the activity with the worst posture. Ergonomic interventions are needed to reduce ergonomic risks in transportation.

Keywords
ergonomics risk factor, msds, cvl

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NZx9fgtRYrLX

Corresponding Author
Putri Kultsum Van Tando

Institutions
(a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract
Karangkobar catchment is upland of Serayu watershed. Karangkobar catchment is characterized as rough topography, thick solum, high rainfall, and the land use dominated by agriculture. Unfortunately, the agricultural system ignores the principles of soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study was to describe and to evaluate the terrace design as soil and water conservation. The tools used were GPS, roll meter, and abney level. The study were conducted using qualitative descriptive. The purposive sampling method was adopted to determine the terrace point. The indicator to evaluate terrace design were slope, solum, soil texture, and land management. Terrace suitability evaluation used arithmetic matching methods based on technical requirements and observations of soil terracing. This study revealed that the percentage of bench terrace in study area was 43.75%, 25% ridge terrace, 12.5% water drainage channel, and without conservation 18.75%. The suitability of design: 25% was the fit design, moderate 18.75%, and bad design 56.25%. Making and repairing terraces to fit design was costly.

Keywords
Terrace; Karangkobar catchment; Conservation; unit lands

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aC9wkR2xvTqF

Corresponding Author
Dian Haryati

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Gelatine basically is a pure protein food ingredient, obtained from thermal denaturation of collagen from animals. Gelatine is used as a stabilizer, gelling agent, binder, thickener, emulsifier, adhesive, whipping agent, and edible coating food wrap. Protein levels in fish skin determine the amount of collagen contained in skin tissue, so the Rabbitfish skin has a great potential as a source of collagen to be hydrolyzed into gelatine. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of gelatine produced from Rabbitfish skin by enzymatic extraction as well as to determine the best treatment of a combination of enzyme concentrations and extraction time. Gelatine production was carried out by hydrolysis using Bromelain enzyme at a level of 1%, 1.5% and 2% with the extraction time of 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The result obtained was gelatine with rendement ranging from 3,13 up to 5,83%, the water content ranged from 0,17 up to 3,56%, ash content 0,35 up to 3,65%, and protein levels ranged from 91 up to 94,72%. The chemical characteristics of gelatine from Rabbitfish skin have a yield of up to 6%, water content less than 6%, ash content less than 4% and protein content reaching 94%. The best treatment was obtained at 1% enzyme concentration and 4 hours extraction time, yielded gelatine with a protein content of 94,72%.

Keywords
Bromelain enzyme, gelatine, Rabbitfish

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9vRq8zjbTrae

Corresponding Author
Yanis Rahmasari Putri

Institutions
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jalan Flora No. 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*yanisrp[at]mail.ugm.ac.id

Abstract
This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer perceptions of local black rice in Special Region of Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta) and consumer willingness to pay (WTP). Consumer perceptions and WTP need to be known in order to expand marketing and preserve the sustainability of local black rice in Yogyakarta, and can be input for producers in developing marketing strategies. Data collection used purposive and snowball sampling techniques with questionnaires and interviews with black rice consumers in Yogyakarta, namely Sleman, Bantul, and Gunungkidul Regency. The method used was descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results showed that the majority of black rice consumers in this research were women (64%) with ages between 18-27 years. The factors that influenced consumer perceptions of black rice were quality attribute factor with an eigenvalue value of 9,365, purchasing location factor (2,980), socialization of the benefits of black rice to consumers factor (1,885), product superiority compared to white rice factor (1,502), price according to benefits factor (1,103), and packaging factor (1,065). The average price of black rice is 264% of the white rice price.

Keywords
Black rice; Consumer perception; Willingness to pay

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6wUqtNeL2ydY

Corresponding Author
Charisma Nabila Putri

Institutions
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
This research aimed to express F recombinant protein that is clon from genes F of local isolate ND virus which can be used as vaccine candidate in order to improve the effectiveness of ND virus vaccination. Confirmation of NDV pBT7-N-His-Fusion plasmid on C1a clone is done by gel agarose 1 percent electrophoresis with staining by using florosafe DNA stain. To separate plasmid and insert that contain genes F, cutting is done with EcoRI restriction enzyme. EcoRI enzyme is able to cut NDV pBT7-N-His-Fusion plasmid through 37 celcius degree incubation process during three hours. DNA cutting visualitation is done by gel agarose 1 percent electrophoresis by using florosafe DNA stain. NDV pBT7-N-His-Fusion plasmid is express by E. coli extract in order to gain F protein. The product of protein expression is visualized by SDS-PAGE and western blot. NDV pBT7-N-His-Fusion plasmid visualization by gel agarose electrophoresis results 4643 bp band. Moreover, from the visualization of EcoRI enzyme cutting on gel agarose electrophoresis result, the researcher found two bands with different size, 4001 bp and 642 bp. After protein expression process 25,6 kDa band is seen both in the result of SDS-PAGE and western blot.

Keywords
Newcastle Disease, Fusion Protein, EcoRI, Expression Protein

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4TfWM7FjwJEA

Corresponding Author
Hanggar Ganara Mawandha

Institutions
a) Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan
*mawandha[at]stu.kobe-u.ac.jp
b) Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Indonesia
c) Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, Japan

Abstract
High-precision of rainfall prediction in a matter of rates and time is significant aspects for such issues in disaster mitigation, irrigation management, public services, and many others. Rainfall in the mountainous region has unique characteristics related to time-varying and spatial distribution. In Mt.Merapi region, located at the border of Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and Central Java Province, Indonesia, rainfalls are typically classified as the deep-convective type which occurs in a short period with high intensity. Therefore short term rainfall predictions in a proper way remain challenging tasks. The use of remote monitoring instruments such as the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is believed to provide a better measurement accuracy through the identification of water vapor variation in the process of deep convection weather. GNSS observes the geodetic position of the GNSS antenna or receiver while it broadcasts microwave signals continuously through the atmosphere to the ground-based receivers. As they travel through the atmosphere, the microwave signals are mostly influenced by ionospheric and neutral atmospheric effects which cause some delays. By using a sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers, the impact of the neutral atmosphere delay can be estimated as a by-product of the geodetic processing. These delays can be regarded as an indirect measure of the integrated water vapor along the path and measured as Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). By studying the relationship between time-varying ZTD and rainfall, it can be found that the ZTD level increases sharply before raining. Through the deployment of GNSS receivers, the spatial feature of rainfall characteristics is also depicted. The initial results showed that the increase of ZTD is strongly correlated to rainfall occurrence based on the rain gauges measurement around Mt.Merapi region. The results show that the rate of true forecasted is about 65%, with the lead time recorded is two hours before the actual event.

Keywords
GNSS, ZTD, rainfall, prediction

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/48RpZzBY9vQN

Corresponding Author
Fransiscus Benhardi Wastuwidya

Institutions
Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
Mining activities have a positive impact on the economy but have a negative impact on the environment due to the emergence of acid mine drainage through this activity. Conventional acid mine drainage treatment is an activity that requires high energy and costs, so it is necessary to study economic and sustainable acid mine drainage treatment processes. The development of acid mine drainage treatment involves the use of microalgae for remediation, or commonly referred to as phycoremediation. The obstacle in the application of mine acid water treatment is the characteristics of wastewater which limits the growth of microalgae, where acid mine drainage has a high metal content, and low pH. In this study, acid mine drainage with different concentration was used as a growth medium for Nannochloropsis sp. and growth kinetic of Nannochloropsis sp. is investigated, as well as the effect of metal exposure and pH variation on the development of Nannochloropsis sp.. The output of this study is expected to be able to provide an overview of the possible application of phycoremediation as a biological acid mine treatment process.

Keywords
phycoremediation, acid mine drainage, microalgae, mining, remediation

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z8LbX92feEj3

Corresponding Author
Bayu Nugraha

Institutions
1BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
2Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
3Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Gas diffusion in bulky plant organs is relevant for understanding the respiratory metabolism. Limited tissue diffusivity due to low porosity may create gas concentration gradients leading to hypoxia. As porosity is known to be different between and within different tissues, oxygen (O2) diffusivity cannot be regarded as a homogeneous gas transport parameter of plant organs. This study aims to study the relationship between O2 diffusivity and porosity for four different horticultural products: eggplant, apple, turnip and pear, which have shown variability in tissue microstructure. Based on X-ray CT images of the whole product, porosity maps were created. O2 diffusivity was computed using a microscale model solved on the corresponding 3-D tissue microstructure of different samples across the product, derived from high resolution X-ray CT scan. The correlation between O2 diffusivity and porosity was determined along the radial tissue sample, as affected by sample size. The correlation was high in eggplant tissue (R2 = 0.96), compared to the other products. Distinct distribution of the O2 diffusivity to the porosity was also influenced by the characteristic of tissue intercellular space of the products such as tortuosity, connectivity and size of pore. In conclusion, the tissue diffusivity is not only influenced porosity, but also other microstructural parameters, and strongly affected by size of the considered tissue sample.

Keywords
oxygen diffusivity, X-ray computed tomography, 3-D tissue microstructure, eggplant, turnip, apple, pear

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gWKGCHmjhfq9

Corresponding Author
ARIS PURWANTORO

Institutions
1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
2. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
3. One Health Collaborating Center,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract
Chicken meat is a primary source of protein which affordable for the majority of Indonesian households. The meat production increased steadily between 1.11 and 1.85 million tonnes during 2009 to 2017 period. Yogyakarta is a small city (32.5 square kilometers) but becomes popular since it has more than 150 tertiary educations and second tourists destination after Bali Island. Based on the above situation, the city has to provide high quality food, include chicken meat. The meat can be purchased either in convenient stores (mini, midi, super, or hypermarket) or traditional markets. One hundred forty nine respondents of the chicken meat sellers were recruited to participate in the study. They were selected randomly from 22 traditional markets in the city using multi stage sampling. The investigators visited the markets and interviewed the sellers based on a structured questionnaire. Evaluation of hygienic standards of the chicken meat kiosks including criteria of the hood, table, gutter, water faucet, and seller protective equipments.

Keywords
hygienic standard, chicken meat kiosk, traditional market, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CHLJn4DYTEWd

Corresponding Author
Rudiati Evi Masithoh

Institutions
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Abstract
A total of 72 spectra of flour samples taken from 6 types of crops, i.e. of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were measured using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at 4000-10,000 cm-1. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. A 2nd derivative Savitzky-Golay (polynomial order 2, 25 smoothing points) followed by a Standard Normal Variate (SNV) were used for pre-treatment data. Characterization of the flours was done using chemometric models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) explained for each group of flour samples of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). SIMCA calibration models were constructed using 6 spectral measurements for each type of flours; classification set were constructed using 6 spectral measurements. The SIMCA accuracy classification were 100% for mocaf, banana, arrowroot, bread fruit, and taro, and 67% for purple sweet potato.

Keywords
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), PCA, SIMCA, SNV

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QVTck9Yf3vR7

Corresponding Author
Wahyu Supartono

Institutions
Department of Agro-industrial Technology - Faculty of Agricultural Technology - Universitas Gadjah Mada - Indonesia

Abstract
Fresh milk is produced by cows which are nurtured and milked by dairy farmers. The fresh milk is collected at Cooperation on Milk Warga Mulya then is processed into pasteurized fresh milk and packed in the cup. Whole activities are influenced by scale of ownership, type of milking process and energy usage for conducting activities. So far effect these activities on environment was not calculated and predicted. The objectives of this research was to implement Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on fresh milk production which was packed with a plastic cup. Some parameters were considered such as milking technique and number of cows at every farmers. The LCA is a method that can be used to calculate the environmental impact of fresh pasteurized milk production. The samples were 10 dairy farmers as member of Milk Cooperation Warga Mulya at Sleman Regency - Yogyakarta Special Province. The process was started from milking process at farmers, then picking up the fresh milk, receiving milk at Cooperation and then milk processing or pasteurization. All energy, waste and others were collected, calculated, analyzed and then determined into environmental effect category. The results showed, that the energy usage for carrying out all activities was reached by farmers with small livestock group 2.29 MJ/l. The highest emission was gained by pasteurization process released 47.387 g/l CO2 equivalent, 0.0564 g/l SO2, 0.482 g/l NOx and 0.00244 g/l CH4. Then the highest impact to environment was contributed by pasteurization process as follow Global Warming Potential (GWP) 0.0474 kg CO2 equivalent; Acidification Potential (AP) 0.000394 kg SO2 equivalent and Eutrophication Potential (EP) 6.27 x 10-5 kg PO43- equivalent.

Keywords
LCA, Fresh Milk, Pasteurization

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VECfrhuz8ZcJ

Corresponding Author
Rengga Arnalis Renjani

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
Stiper Agricultural University (INSTIPER)
Nangka 2 street, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282 Indonesia
Corresponding author: rengga_tepins[at]instiperjogja.ac.id

Abstract
The impurities or dirt level is one of quality standard of crude palm oil processing, the level of impurities or dirt level is measured at clarification station especially at oil tank. Recent dirt level in crude palm oil at palm oil mill was still higher than standard level, it was about 0.036%. The objective of this research was to decrease the level of dirt content in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production by modified the inlet pipe and installed automatic drain on oil tank. The method used in this research were analysed of feeding oil, level of dirt content and technical analysed by calculated the hydrostatic pressure on oil tank. This research showed that the average of dirt on feeding oil to oil tank was 0.056%. The average of dirt level on CPO production before modification was 0.038%, and after modification of inlet pipe, it was 0,031%. The rate of flow of oil into the oil tank was 20.2 tons/h, the volume of oil tank was 16.60 ton, while the retention time in the oil tank was 0.82 hours. Based on technical analysis, the results showed that hydrostatic pressure of CPO within oil tank was 16,770 N/m2 and hydrostatic pressure of sludge was 19,531.46 N/m2. This indicated by the CPO hydrostatic pressure that still smaller than the sludge hydrostatic pressure.

Keywords
Automatic drain, clarification station, crude palm oil, dirt, hydrostatic pressure

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3eZDHmQFwjyP

Corresponding Author
Baharuddin Baharuddin

Institutions
a) Departement of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245
* baharuddin[at]agri.unhas.ac.id
b) Agrotechnology Study Program, Makassar Islamic University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245
c) Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245

Abstract
Efforts to increase rice productivity in Indonesia are still constrained by attacks of plant pest organisms which cause low crop productivity. Diseases that often attack rice plantations include blast and leaf blight disease. Blast is caused by a fungus Magnaporthe grisea Cav. While leaf blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo). There are isolates of bacterial that have ability to provide resistance to disease attacks on plants, one of which is Paenybacillus polymixa. Based on this study, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of P. polymixa isolates in controlling the attack of Xanthomonas and fungi Magnaporthe grisea in vitro. The research stage is a test of bacterial inhibition of Xoo and M. grisea. The inhibition zone index in the antagonist test for Xoo pathogens in MO Plus was higher than P. polymixa. MO Plus inhibition zone index 1.87 while P. polymixa is only 1.20 at 7 days after incubation. P. polymixa bacteria have the highest index in inhibiting P. oryzae, which is 57.02. While the MO Plus inhibition index is 21.12

Keywords
Rice, biofertilizer, biopesticide

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pJjdYGHNmuea

Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2)Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Chocolate is characterised by its solid texture at relatively low temperature. However, it will easily melt as the temperature increase. This phenomenon contributes to the low level of chocolate quality in tropical countries. In order to cope with this problem, an innovation in producing thermostable chocolate is highly required. This work investigated the impact of fat content and palm sap sugar proportion on the heat stability of milk chocolate. Hardness of chocolate was used as a parameter to evaluate the chocolate stability against storage temperature. In this study, three levels of fat content, namely 30%, 32%, 34% and five palm sap sugar levels, namely 0%,25%,50%,75%,100% were used. The results showed that fat content, palm sap sugar proportion and their interaction significantly influenced the hardness of milk chocolate. Due to its moisture content, the hardness of chocolate increased as the proportion of palm sap sugar was increased. In contrast, at the same level of palm sap sugar proportion, the increase of fat content decreased the hardness of milk chocolate.

Keywords
chocolate, heat resistant chocolate, sugar network, hardness, snap

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QxatcB49pUNT

Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Popularity of cocoa-based drink has been growing since long time ago in tropical countries. Iced cocoa drink is highly consumed due to the fact that the ambient temperature in the tropical region is relatively high. This condition stimulates cocoa drink industries to continuously improve the quality of their products. This work investigated the performance of small-scale steam jet agglomerator used to produce instanised cocoa powder. This small-scale machine is designed to increase the solubility of cocoa powder, thus cocoa powder will be easily solubilised in cold water. In this study, a small-scale steam jet agglomerator was manufactured. Afterwards, the impact of three drying times, namely 60 oC, 80 oC, 100 oC and three levels of agglomeration process repetition, namely 1,2,3 repetition as well as their interaction on the solubility and colour of the products was investigated. The results showed that drying temperature, number of repetition and their interaction influenced the solubility and colour of the instanised cocoa powder. Whereas, the solubility decreased as the temperature and repetition were increased, the darkness of the colour increased as the temperature and repetition were increased.

Keywords
chocolate drink, cocoa, beverage, steam jet agglomerator, solubility

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7cTN8xunwhbf

Corresponding Author
Sitti Nur Faridah Faridah

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
Add. Perintis Kemerdekaan Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract
Success in implement irrigation area management activities is highly dependent on data availability. The existence of a realtime, fast, and accurate information is very important. The data and information needed must be easily accessible to interested parties. Development of an irrigation network information system is carried out by converting data into coordinate form using ArcGIS software. Visual studio software is used to display all data that has been processed. Spatial-based irrigation network information systems built using ArcGIS and Visual Studio software can easily obtain information about channel conditions, rating curves, channel profiles and channel photos. the availability of spatial-based irrigation network information systems facilitates the management of irrigation networks.

Keywords
Information system, visual studio, irrigation network

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qrgpKXNMBcfU

Corresponding Author
Arina Fatharani

Institutions
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Sugar palm fruit is a tropical fresh product which derived from sugar palm plants. Handling and storage of sugar palm fruit is still in the traditional way, and it creates difficulties for broader marketing. Storage air temperature and film packaging greatly affects to various factors of the fresh products damage that can be represented by the change in respiration rate of those produtcs. The aim of this study was to study the effect of storage temperature and plastic film characteristics on the change of the respiration rate of sugar palm fruit during storage period in the MAP. Several treatment combinations including storage temperature and plastic film thickness were investigated in the research. It was found that storage temperature had stronger effect on the respiration rate of sugar palm fruit as compared to the effect of packaging film thickness. The higher storage temperature the longer would the time to reach constant O2 and resulted in the higher respiration rate. Statistical analysis indicated that storage temperature, packaging film thickness, and the interaction of those two factors were significantly affect the respiration rate of the fruit. Arrhenius kinetics could explain the effect of storage temperature on respiration rate of sugar palm fruit.

Keywords
fresh products, plastic films, atmospheric, modified, storage

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/v4QMEPZ9JbHA

Corresponding Author
MUHAMMAD TRY HARTONO

Institutions
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Pineapple is the fruit that ranks the fourth largest production in Indonesia. Pineapple fruit is a non-climacteric fruit that is easily damaged, so the effort to extend the shelf life of the fruit can be done by storing it in cold temperatures. This study aims to analyze the pineapple kinetics with crowns during storage with temperature variations. The research sample was in the form of pineapple Smooth Cayenne varieties stored at low temperatures (7 and 15C), and the control treatment was stored at room temperature (25C). Changes in the physical quality of pineapple during storage were observed with shell color parameters, weight loss, and texture. Observations were carried out at intervals ranging from 2-3 days to 16-20 days of storage depending on storage temperature. Fruit damage rates based on measured parameters were analyzed using the Arrhenius and kinetic model approaches. The results showed changes in low temperature storage are: shell color 0,00-10,67 %, weight loss 0,00-3,70 %, firmness 3,955-3,062 kg.cm-2. Control treatment: shell color 0,00-100 %, weight loss 0,00-13,89 %, firmness 3,898-1,982 kg.cm-2. Constant (k) kinetics at low temperature are: shell color 0,4921-5,6901 %.day-1, weight loss 0,1939-0,2683 %.day-1, firmness (-0,0679)-(-0,1013) kg.cm-2.day-1. Control treatment: shell color 7,7994 %.day-1, weight loss 0,7837 %.day-1, firmness -0,1276 kg.cm-2.day-1. The values of A and Ea (in J.mol-1.K-1) Arrhenius are: shell color 1,997x1019 and -1,0427x105, weight loss 2,554x109 and -5,454x104, firmness 2,213x103 and -2,411x104.

Keywords
Arrhenius, kinetics, quality, pineapple, storage

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2bxdgTcDhBKZ

Corresponding Author
Radi Radi

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2AGM Systems & Engineering, Suwon, Korea
3Daedong Industry Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea

Abstract
Combine harvester is one of the most needed agricultural machinery by farmers as it is increasingly difficult to find harvest worker. To develop the machine, Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering collaborated with AGM Systems & Engineering to test the DSF75GT type combine harvester machine. The preliminary test shows that the machine performance is not optimal, especially when it is viewed from the grain damage percentage during the harvesting process. Based on the process, the harvesting principle of the machine includes the stages of cutting, feeding, threshing, and moving the grain from the threshing unit to the grain tank, and finally with unloading stage. Process to grain transfer with screw conveyor system is suspected to be the cause of grain damage. For this reason, this study aims to determine the machine parts which potentially contribute to the grain damage. The test was carried out in laboratory with two sample, i.e. harvested grain samples (GKP) and milled dry grain (GKG). The sample was inserted in to the threshing chamber which is then transferred by screw conveyor to the grain tank before being removed. Observation of the grain damage is carried out at 5 points on the screw conveyors. The results showed that there were 3 screws which contribute significantly to grain damage. From the result, the next step focuses on modification of the parts.

Keywords
combine harvester, laboratory performance, grain damage, screw conveyor

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XWGqr2LwfVMK

Corresponding Author
Murad Murad

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Departement of Food Technology and Agroindustri Faculty University of Mataram

Abstract
Start Land degradation consequence utilization inappropriate causes depreciation watershed performance. the importance of using land for conservation and cultivation requires wise handling. Tobacco gives good impact to conservation and beneficial to cultivate. Therefore, evaluation of land for tobacco is important. The purpose of this research is to determines land evaluation for tobacco plants at lombok island with divider rainfall, land slope, temperature and soil depth with geographic information system. The results of the land evaluation analysis show that 0% S1 (highly suitable), 32.2% S2 (moderatly suitable), 66.4% S3 (marginally suitable) and 0.4% (not suitable). With that result tobacco plants cultivation as land conservation can be developed in lombok island.

Keywords
Land Evaluation, Tobacco Plants, Lombok Island, Geographic Information System

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Jw8qxL6afNFg

Corresponding Author
Rizki Maftukhah

Institutions
Departement of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Rice is a semi aquatic plant and grown under anaerobic condition as long as water is available. Nowadays, water scarcity and climate change issues need to be address with new technology to increase water use efficiency in rice production. In the other hand, rice varieties must be able to adapt climate change in the future, especially drought even during rice growth periods. A shallow water depth irrigation, as a strategy to reduce water use might influence the rice growth development. The aim of this study was to characterize the leaf area index development of three different rice varieties grown in continuous flooding and shallow water depth irrigation. Pot experiments were conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with three different rice varieties, i.e Mutiara, IR 64, and Hitam, and cultivated with two different irrigation system namely shallow water depth (SWD) and continuous flooding (CF). Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured every 10 days and polynomial equation was used to describe LAI development during plant growth. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Ms. Excel to determine significant differences between treatments. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used to evaluate the performance of mathematical model. Leaf Area Index (LAI) under shallow water depth irrigation in different rice varieties were not significantly different compare to continuous flooding irrigation. LAI development in different treatment were described by polynomial equation, with various correlation value, ranged between 0.71 to 0.97. IR64 variety under control irrigation resulted lowest R (0.71), indicated that prediction value from observation data was not strongly correlated. However, other treatments showed strong relationship between prediction and observation data.

Keywords
water scarcity, rice, irrigation, leaf area index

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UtApmcDrJn8M

Corresponding Author
I Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Badung, Bali

Abstract
Plant photosynthesis is strongly influenced by light, carbon dioxide, the availability of water and nutrients found in the soil. In this study, LED light combined with gambelan music Gong Kebyar was applied to pakcoy plants to see its effect on growth and productivity. The LED light that is applied is white, red-blue, and red-white-blue LED light, which is given for 20 hours from 06.00 to 02.00. Gambelan Gong Kebyar music is applied for 3 hours, from 06.00 to 12.00. Variables observed included plant height, canopy area, leaf greenery, root length, and plant biomass. The results showed that white LED light had a negative effect, while the red-blue LED, and red-white-blue light had a positive effect on the growth and productivity of Pakcoy mustard. The use of red-blue LED light with a wavelength range of 450-760 nm, combined with gong kebyar gamelan music gave the highest value on plant height (27,176 cm), canopy area (1457.59 cm2), leaf greenery (160.03), root length (23.6 cm), canopy and root wet weight (91.68 g and 5.26 g) and plant and root biomass (4.63 g and 0.42 g). It can be concluded that the use of red blue LED light combined with gong kebyar gamelan music increases the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard.

Keywords
Gong kebyar gamelan music, LED light, growth, productivity, and pakcoy

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GyWhJ3tZTa9L

Corresponding Author
Ifayanti Ridwan

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
ABSTRACT Corn plants are the second most important food crop after rice, however, climate anomalies will affect the amount of production that is related to the water requirements available during the process of growing corn plants. This study aims to determine the amount of effective rainfall in one year and the need for irrigation water in one planting season, the water requirements for maize in a particular planting period and the comparison of the rate of evapotranspiration and the level of water that must be available to plants. This research was conducted from May to September at the Agricultural Technology Research Institute (BPTP) of South Sulawesi, Gowa Regency. The data obtained is then processed using the simulation method using a Windows-based application, Cropwat 8.0, from the results of the analysis with Cropwat, the results show that the water needs of corn plants in each growth phase are: Deve phase 107 mm / dec, Mid phase 132.9 mm / dec, and Late phase 107.4 mm / dec. Using cropwat can find out the amount of rain in 2014. Data for 1 year is 395.6 mm and the effectiveness of the rain that occurs is 355.9 mm so that it can give rise to how much irrigation water needs are needed in one planting period.

Keywords
Cropwat, evapotranspiration, corn, water requirements, water balance

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UwnTRmWQYE2j

Corresponding Author
Dwi Rahayu

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Gadjah Mada,
Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta

Abstract
Many tropical agricultural products belong to climacteric group which need more attention to be able to extend or maintain their shelf life during storage. One of the most important phenomenon of climacteric produce is about the respiration rate of that produce. The following research was intended to investigate the rate of respiration of tropical climacteric products under various treatments including low temperature and the type of products. This research had developed respirometer device made from glass and thick plastic jar equipped with some needed sensing devices such as air temperature and humidity, product temperature sensing devices, and a tap for O2 and CO2 measurement. The respiration rate of banana, guava, and mango was succeded measured by using a closed system method. It was found that storage temperature, fruit type, and interaction between them were significantly affect the respiration rate. The changes in gas composition inside the respirometer were found to vary for each fruit studied. This could be referred to an internal composition for every fruit was different. The fastest rate of O2 consumption and CO2 evolution belong to banana and mango, respectively. The effect of temperature on respiration rate could be modeled using Arrhenius equation with a satisfactory results

Keywords
climacteric, produce, tropical, respirometer, gas compositions

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3Png4f6E79eB

Corresponding Author
Nursigit Bintoro

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Abstract : Strawberry is one kind of fruit which has very thin skin, so it is very easy to be damaged as the effect of mechanical force, this is one of the main problem in postharvest of strawberry fruit. The condition of road in Indonesia often occur a traffic bump (markah kejut) across the road, this will make some shocking force that may affect the damage of strawberry fruit during transportation. The effect of shock damage on the strawbery fruit may effect the respiration rate of that fruit and also other physical properties. The following research was intended to find out the effect of duration of shocking and layer position in the box on the physical properties and respiration rate of strawberry fruit. The research was done using a selft built shocking apparatus consist of circular drop table 25 cm in diameter, 300 gram weight made from steel, drived using electric motor in 60 rpm with the drop height of 1,5 cm. Wood box of 24 x 19.5 x 18 cm with the weight of 1,082 kg to place the sample of strawberry fruit. This apparatur was built to model the shocking force resulted from the road traffic bump during transportation of strawberry. Three different shocking time along with three different layer position of strawberry fruit in the box were investigated in three replication, totaly 27 treatment combinations were done. It was need around 600 grams of strawberry fruit in one of treatment combination. It was found that both the duration of shocking and layer position in the box were significantly affect some of physical properties of the contained strawberry fruit, such as respiration rate, weight loss, brix content, firmness, and lightness of the fruit. The rate of change of physical properties of the strawberry fruit could be described appropriately using kinetics model of the zero or one order. It was also found that generally strawberry fruit subjected to shocking force would damage faster than ones without shocking force.

Keywords
shock, layer, strawberry, physical, respiration

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XBKxfmAFJGez

Corresponding Author
Dyah Wuri asriati

Institutions
Center for Plantation Based Industry, Agency for Research and Development of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Abdurahman Basalamah No. 28 Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS) is a valuable by-product obtained from the chocolate industry. It is rich in protein, minerals, ash and some valuable bioactive compounds. One of the post-harvest processes affecting the mineral contents in CBS is fermentation. The purpose of this study is to determine the mineral contents in CBS of Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and MCC 02 clones for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h of fermentation. Method analysis was used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Research will be conducted at the Laboratory of Chemical and Microbiology Testing, Center for Plantation Based Industry. The results showed that types of clones, fermentation time, and their interaction affect mineral contents in CBS. The highest mineral contents of CBS were Ca in Sulawesi 2 clone (48 h), Mg (96 h) and Na (48 h) in Sulawesi 1 clone, while K (24 h) and Zn (120 h) in MCC 02 clone. Total mineral contents of CBS were significantly affected by fermentation and types of clones. Keywords: Cocoa bean shell, fermentation, minerals, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, MCC 02,

Keywords
Cocoa shells, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, MCC 02, Fermentation, Minerals

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TjBCaF8DmGUH

Corresponding Author
Ana Kemala Putri Jauhari

Institutions
1Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
2Food and Agricultural Product Technology Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate mini-pilot scale production of lactic acid in a 2-L batch reactor through a catalytic reaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB). The OPEFB is a solid by-product from the oil palm industry with high cellulose content which is profoundly potential to be used as raw material to produce high-value derivative products such as lactic acid. The research methodology was conducted in three stages including pretreatment of OPEFB by using Sodium Hydroxide, characterization of pretreated OPEFB, and catalytic reaction. Overall, the results show that the yield of lactic acid produced from a mini-pilot scale was lower than that from the laboratory scale due to the lower intensity interaction and product deposit occurred during the process. The highest conversion of lactic acid in mini-pilot scale was obtained when the conversion of pretreated OPEFB was catalyzed by using PbCl2 compared to Ba(OH)2 with 84.13%-w/w and 45.28%-w/w successively. Likewise, in the laboratory scale, the highest conversion of lactic acid was also obtained by using PbCl2, which the yield was measured at 88.58%-w/w. For both catalysts which were observed, applying pretreatment by using alkaline hydrothermal method produced lactic acid whose yield was higher than that by using untreated OPEFB due to the amorphous properties of the pretreated OPEFB.

Keywords
mini-pilot scale, catalytic conversion, lactic acid, PbCl2, Ba(OH)2

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hH9muzq3QBVG

Corresponding Author
Maya Dewi Dyah Maharani

Institutions
1 University of Jakartas Sahid, Department of environmental engineering, JL. Prof. Dr. Supomo SH No. 84, Tebet, South Jakarta 12870, mayasudarsono[at]gmail.com, maya[at]usahid.ac.id

Abstract
MODEL OF AGRO-ECO-VILLAGE BY USING INTERPRETATIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING FOR IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Governance of agricultural waste and potential environmental problems such as pollution, damage ecosystems, degradation and depletion of natural resources in rural areas require serious attention from the Government. The purpose of the study is to formulate of Model of agro-eco-village by using Interpretative Structural Modeling for improving sustainable development. Method study of using Interpretative Structural analysis Modeling (ISM). This method uses expert judgment in data retrieval. Final results showed the consistency of the reachability of expert opinions (93-100)%. The ISM method result as the key institutional at the village is Farmer-owned enterprise or business entity belonging to the Village. The key purpose is the farm activity monitoring is driven to produce low carbon. The required changes are activities to recycle agricultural biomass resources and strengthening of the system of rural agribusiness. The affected sectors of society are the Farm Worker and Farm Tourism. As the key indicator is the increased exchange rate of the farmer, and the key constraints are the regulation of rural water resources governance.

Keywords
model, agro-eco, village, ISM

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gXBPxnML9jaY

Corresponding Author
Nofias Fajri

Institutions
(a) Magister of System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

(b) Industrial Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

(c)Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University

Abstract
Food and beverages (Small Medium Enterprises) SMEs are complex industry. Many factors involve cooperation between operator, technolgy and method. Human and technology collaboration has opened new realm industry in real-world settings. in such applications, human and technology interaction plays a critical role on the overall system peformance. Digital technology is one of many technology adoptions in 4.0 era. Trust in technology is main factor that makes succesfully technology adoption. This study aims to explore individual trust factors affecting the use and adoption of digital technology in food and beverage SMEs. The constructs identified in this study are related to theories of propensity trust, technology trust and information technology trust. The study attempted to develop a model and validated it in SME digital technology adoption. The model used SEM that was undertaken using a sampel of 200 participants. the model showed the validity and the reability of the constructs which are positively correlated with individual trust for digital technology adoption in SMEs. General linier model analysis proporsed a model or trust factors that had significant releationships with adoption of digital technology in SMEs.

Keywords
Individual Trust, Propensity Trust, Technology Trust, Information Technology Trust, Human Factor

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KcneEy3fFPhx