Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Haryati Haryati

Institutions
Medicine Faculty of Halu Oleo University
*haryati.aeta2017[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Complex disorders in type 2 DM involving various degrees of decreased beta cell function, peripheral insulin resistance and abnormal liver glucose metabolism. Abelmoschus esculentus is one of the plants that has an antidiabetic effect because of its efficiency in improving blood sugar control and lipid profile. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Okra fruit on fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol levels in Type 2 DM patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group approach with pretest and posttest in type 2 DM patients. The number of samples were 30 respondents obtained by the concecutive sampling technique. Samples were divided into intervention and control group. The intervention was given an okra fruit immersion once a day for two weeks and blood samples were taken early before treatment and end of treatment. Statistical analysis using T test with a 95% CI value. Results:The results showed that there were significant differences in the mean of fasting blood sugar levels before and after the intervention of okra fruit immersion in the intervention group (p value = 0,000; &

Keywords
Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood sugar, okra fruit, total cholesterol

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NcRMHCZbPwat

Corresponding Author
Daniel Joko Wahyono

Institutions
1) Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
2) Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
3) Faculty of Health Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
4) Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Background : Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal nasopharyngeal flora. S. pneumoniae bacteria can colonize the nasopharynx without showing symptoms of a disease or called a carrier. The S. pneumoniae bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx can also move to the middle ear through the eustachian canal and cause acute otitis media disease (OMA). S. pneumoniae has 97 serotypes based on the polysaccharide capsule configuration. Each serotype of S. pneumoniae can cause different diseases and more colonize the nasopharynx of children than in adults. In Indonesia, Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization studies are still very limited and the study of colonization of S. pneumoniae in children with OMA over the age of five has not been done. Purpose : This study aims to detect S. pneumoniae carried by the nasopharynx of children with primary school age (6-12 years) in Otitis Media Acute, identify serotypes of S. pneumoniae. Methods : The design of this research is a descriptive study. Sampling was carried out in September 2018 to December 2018 in several Public Elementary Schools in Banyumas Regency. Detection of S. pneumoniae in OMA samples can be done through microbiological identification of S. pneumoniae. Serotype identification was performed by serotyping S. pneumoniae with multiplex PCR technique. Results : This study indicate that the percentage of S. pneumoniae carried by the nasopharynx of in primary school children age 6-12 years with OMA in the Banyumas district is 34.6% (9/26 samples). S. pneumoniae serotypes found in nasopharyngeal samples with OMA patients are 6A / B, 6C / D, 17F, 3, 13, 14, 23B, and untypeable. Conclusion : Streptococcus pneumoniae carried by the nasopharynx of children with Acute Otitis Media aged 6-12 years in the Banyumas district by 34.6%. The S. pneumoniae serotype carried by the nasopharynx is 6A / 6B, 6C / 6D, 14, 17F, 3, 23B, 13, and untypable.

Keywords
serotype, Streptococcus pneumoniae, primary school children age, Acute Otitis Media

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uZUVf83XQpjw

Corresponding Author
Eryati Darwin

Institutions
Department of Histology Medical Faculty of Andalas University, ² Department of Cardiology Medical Faculty of Andalas University, ³ Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty of Andalas University

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a medical condition that refers to an abnormal of blood lipids level, most common is hyperlipidemia. Elevation of blood lipid such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, or a low HDL cholesterol level induces disturbance of endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction in dyslipidemia is in large part due to a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) which is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) which will trigger the development of atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of coronary heart disease Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of lipid profiles of dyslipidemia with eNOS levels in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients Methods: This study design was a cross-sectional study. The sample in this study were 25 patients which diagnosed as coronary heart disease of outpatients in Department of Cardiology of a regional general hospital and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifteen healthy individuals who come for the general check-up were included as a control group. Blood samples were collected for measurements of eNOS levels and lipid profiles that carried out according to laboratory standards. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Shapiro-Wilk-test. Results: The results of this study showed that eNOS levels in the group of CHD patients (24,174±7,136 ng/ml) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the control group (72,092±30,065 ng/ml). The mean of triglycerides and HDL levels has a weak correlation with the level of eNOS (p > 0,05). The mean of LDL level has moderately positive correlation with eNOS, while cholesterol has a moderate negative correlation with the level of eNOS (p > 0.05) Conclusion: High cholesterol levels and low LDL levels in dyslipidemia condition were correlated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which has a protective function in coronary heart disease.

Keywords
Coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wF32kfv9hMTq

Corresponding Author
Martini Martini

Institutions
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Diponegoro, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: Kaligesing sub district is a malaria endemic area which Annual Parasite Incidence (API) was not reach the National target (2,07%). That problem was caused the increase of chemical vector control in long time could be affected to the mosquitoes- resistance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to know the resistance status of Anopheles spp to Lambdacyhalothrin 0,05% insecticide in Kaligesing Purworejo district. Methods: The design of this study was an experiment, using static group comparison design. The number of samples was 150 mosquitoes, for 4 treatment and 2 control. To know the use of bed net by residence of the village, we did interviewing 100 respondents in six malaria endemic villages. The data was collected by laboratory experiment and survey using questionnaires. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic. Result : The study showed that Anopheles spp were resistant to Lambdacyhalothrin 0,05% with an average of knock down on 60 minutes exposure with four times repetition were 20 mosquitoes (80%). The death average in 24 hours post holding were 17,5 (70%). The results of interviews with 100 respondents showed that 61% of respondents using insecticide-treated bed nets, 30% of respondents using mosquito repellent, and 70% of respondents homes had been carried out by the IRS. Conclusion: Anopheles spp in Kaligesing Purworejo have already had resistant status to Lambdasyhalothrin. This study recommends to health district should do the monitoring and evaluation periodically related to controls and rotation of pesticide use

Keywords
Anopheles spp, Lambdacyhalothrin, Sipermethrin, impregmated paper, mosquitoe

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ecupRMdDAVy9

Corresponding Author
Anggita Bunga Anggraini

Institutions
(1) Center for Health Resources and Service Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
*anggita_ba[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Background: Irrational use of medicines has become a problem in health services, both in developed and developing countries.Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract infections (ARTI) is not only dependent on antibiotics, but only with supportive treatment for cases caused by viruses. Purpose: This study aimed to determine treatment patterns for children under-five with ARTI in hospitals in Bogor, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of patients under-five with ARTI in a government and a private hospital in Bogor in the period of January 1st through December 31st, 2015. Analysis was performed using Chi-square test. Results: There were 105 medical records collected from both hospitals. The pattern of ARTI-s outpatient treatments (n= 32) at private hospital were mucolytic (81.3%), decongestants (56.3%), antipyretic (43.8%), and antibiotics (6.3%). Meanwhile, the government hospital (n=8) used antibiotics (75%), antipyretics (50%) and mucolytic (50%). The pattern of ARTI-s inpatient treatments in private hospitals (n=27) were antibiotics (85.2%), antipyretic (63%), corticosteroids (33.3%), and mucolytics (25.9%). Otherwise, the government hospital (n=38) used antibiotics ( 92.1%), antipyretic (89.5% ), corticosteroids (31.6%) and mucolytics (71.1%). Factors affected outpatient treatment could not be traced because it lacked of clinical information and laboratory test results. Meanwhile, antibiotic use for inpatients in both hospitals were not related to blood leukocytes level and body temperature. Conclusion: This study showed that antibiotic use for ARTI in government hospital was relatively higher than private hospital. Antibiotics use for ARTI should consider clinical guideline to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Keywords
Acute respiratory tract infections, antibiotics, children, treatment

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UaxGCd9XM8pW

Corresponding Author
Firda Yanuar Pradani

Institutions
1) LokaLitbangKes Pangandaran,National Institute Health of Research and Development
2) Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University

Abstract
Currently, several problems raised from the frequent application of chemical insecticide for dengue control such as insecticide resistance and environmental health issues. This fact supporting the need of the alternative active ingredients which are natural and could not develop insecticide resistance. This study aims to find out the potential of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Vi) and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as biolarvacide against Aedes aegypti. This is a quasi-experimental study using several combinations of Pyrethrum and Neem extracts. Larval deaths were observed every hour until 24 hours and a number of dead larvae were calculated. Results of this study showed that almost all formulations caused death of larvae in the first hour except formulation 5 (2 ml Pyrethrum + 1 ml DMSO + 24 ml liquid parrafin + 24 ml chitin), formulation 8 (49 ml neem + 1 ml Tween 20) and formulation 11 (49 ml neem + 1 ml DMSO). These results emphasized the potential of a formulation containing Pyrethrum and neem as biolarvacide against Aedes aegypti.

Keywords
dengue, Pyrethrum, neem, larvacide

Topic
Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RVPCeTkq62FZ