Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
zakijah irfin

Institutions
1,2,3,4,5) Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia
*Corresponding author:zirfin[at]gmail.com
5,6)Chemical Engineering Departement, State of Polytechnic Malang

Abstract
The objective of this research is to separate the Asbuton asphalt in the agitation tank that is equipped with a heater with three stages, namely premixing, digestion, separation of three phases and analysis of the bitumen content in DEX. The purpose of the premixing stage is to reduce the viscosity of Asbuton by adding DEX up to 60 percent of the total mass of Asbuton and DEX and then mixing it for 30 minutes. The digestion step was carried out by adding a mixture of DEX Asbuton with a wetting agent. The wetting agent is a solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant (SDBS) and Na5P3O10. This mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm and the process temperature of 60, 70, 80 C for 30 minutes. The surfactant ratio of SDBS to the total mass mix is 0.125; 0.25; 0.37, 0.5%, and the NTP ratio is 0.125; 0.25; 0.37; 0.5% (% mass). Three-phase separation is done by adding water to form three layers. The top layer, which is a DEX-bitumen solution, weighed its weight and measured its density to know the % recovery of bitumen. It can be concluded that the highest percentage of bitumen recovery is 74.63 at 80ºC of temperature, the SDBS concentration of 0.125 percent and the Na5P3O10 concentration of 0.25 percent. Keywords: Asbuton; % recovery; bitumen; Na3P5O10;DEX

Keywords
Keywords: Asbuton; % recovery; bitumen; Na3P5O10;DEX

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uD2HZBnWAyGY

Corresponding Author
Syariful Maliki

Institutions
(a)Graduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
(b)Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
*cutnelly[at]ymail.com

Abstract
Ferrous is one of the groundwater contaminants that negatively impacts health and the environment. The allowed ferrous content is < 1 ppm in water for daily use. Removal of Fe in groundwater by adsorption using low-cost bio-sorbent from rice husk has been conducted. The process was carried out in continuous mode using two types of rice husk-sourced adsorbents, one was only carbonated at 400 C and another was followed by a physical activation at 650 C. To study the effects of physical activation on the surface characteristics, both types of bio-sorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The concentration of artificial sample before and after adsorption was evaluated using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. From the results, the adsorption using physically activated sorbent had greater removal efficiency of 74.02% compared to that of without activation treatment, which was only 65.70%. In addition, the concentration of ferrous was successfully reduced to 1,029 and 0.779 ppm from the initial concentration of 3 ppm for the process using the adsorbent without and with activation, respectively. It can be concluded that the physically activated rice husk has the potential to be used for adsorption of Ferrous in continuous reactor.

Keywords
Biosorbent; Rice husk; Fe removal; Continuous adsorption

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9JdUxhKvzAVw

Corresponding Author
Setiyo Gunawan

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*Corresponding author:
Email: gunawan[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id
Tel: +62-31-5946240; Fax: +62-31-5999282

Abstract
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) are widely spread in Indonesia and they are known to have many advantages. It has various benefits that can be utilized from root, stem, leaf, until seed. C inophyllum-s seed contains bioactive compound called calophyllolide. However, the utilization of C. inphyllum-s seed is still limited because they contain harmful toxins. So, C. inophyllum-s seed are generally used and investigated as a raw material of biodiesel. The aim of this research was to find the best condition to isolate calophyllolide, to know the yield of isolated calophyllolide and its purity percentage from crude C inophyllum oil. By far, the current research on calophyllolide is to extract the substance form C. inophyllum-s shell nut without further treatment on the shell nut. In this work, calophyllolide was separated from crude oil by silica gel adsorption and batchwise solvent extraction by using a mixture of hexane as non-polar solvent and methanol-water (9:1) as polar solvent. Liquid Liquid Extraction (LLE) was performed to purify the calophyllolide from polar liquid fraction produced from batchwise solvent extraction by mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate with solvent-PLF ratio 5:2. Ethyl acetate concentration in hexane used were 0%, 5%, and 9%. Each fraction obtained was tested qualitatively using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and quantitatively using Gas Chromatography (GC) to analyze calophyllolide mixture. The best separation method were obtained by batchwise solvent extraction and 5% ethyl acetate with 67,94% purity level.

Keywords
adsorption, batchwise calophyllolide , Calophyllum inophyllum, silica gel, solvent extraction.

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zW8LnE9R3Tck

Corresponding Author
Yudha Gusti Wibowo

Institutions
(a*) Postgraduate Student, Universitas Jambi
(b) Lecturer, Universitas Jambi

Abstract
Recent decades, we have problems with environmental damage such as soil polution, solid waste, wastewater, and air polution, environment have problems every single sector. Biochar created by coconut shell waste that dried for two days to remove water content than coconut shell waste burned with pan using unused firewood during four hours. This paper will explain about biochar production using a hundred percent waste material and the impact of biochar to environment. Biochar can solve the heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, biochar application decreased the concentration of As, Cd, and Cu in maize shoots, which depended upon amount of biochar addition, pH values of soils, and ability of metal to adsorb on biochar, applied biochar for environment that give reducing global warming effect, acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, summer smog, winter smog, pesticides, airborne heavy metals, waterborne heavy metals, and carcinogenic substances, biological attributes of biochar related, biochar could reducing arsenic and heavy metals content underwater, status of nitrogen species and elements of potential toxicity in soils. Thus, this research will be acceptable for everyone and can solve the environmental problems.

Keywords
Biochar, environmental damage, wastewater, soil pollution, heavy metals

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pPVxtz6LWyqu

Corresponding Author
Yunita Pujiastuti

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Jalan Raya ITS, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Rice (oryza sativa) bran is a byproduct generated in the process of rice milling. Moreover, subcritical method as a promising alternative solvent for chemical reaction, separation and extraction process and its nontoxic, inexpensive and invorementally benign, to increase levulinic acid in subcritical needs to be studied with ethanol-water mixture. While, ethanol is capable of hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interaction with organic acid and it is conveniently available and stable for hydrogenation. At the same time, carbon dioxide was use as a pressurizing gas and the solvent etanol-water mixture with the concentration (0:100, 25:75, 50:50) with the temperature was used at 160, 180 and 200 0C for 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minute reaction in the reactor.

Keywords
levulinic acid, rice bran, subcritical method, hydrolisis, ethanol-water mixture

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4AFD2QzUnkcC

Corresponding Author
Sri Aprilia

Institutions
1Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
2Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Abulyatama, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
*sriaprilia[at]unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
Natural weathering of rice husk ash filled in polypropylene composite films has been investigated by exposing the samples to a tropical clime for 4 months with max-min temperature 22 - 30oC and relative humidity 75%. Rise husk ash filled in film composite polypropylene effect of filler loading was 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% and compare with neat composite. The silica from rice husk ash was isolated with acetic acid. The silica content was analyzed by XRD, SEM and FTIR to show crystallinity, structure and functional group. The weathered film composites polypropylene was investigated before and after exposure and analyzed the morphology with FTIR and SEM. Mechanical test for the film composites polypropylene take place for tensile strength and percentages of elongation at break. The result show that the tensile strength and percentages of elongation at break decrease after natural weathering. The average tensile strength of film composites polypropylene decrease about 64.54 ± 17.50% and the elongation at break of film composites polypropylene decrease about 49.33 ± 15.28%.

Keywords
silica from rice husk ash, film composites polypropylene, morphology and mechanical test

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DU6T3cq2ykrp

Corresponding Author
RINI SETIATI

Institutions
Petroleum Engineering, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia

Abstract
Cementing process was not good can be caused by the poor planning of cement slurry carried out in the laboratory. Poor cementing certainly cannot meet the expectations and goals of the cementing process. The purpose of this study was to select the right and optimal cement composition by testing sodium lignosulfonate retarder additives for thickening time and compressive strength. The methodology used in this study was laboratory testing using class G cement. The addition of sodium lignosulfonate additive in this class G cement was obtained the highest thickening time value at a concentration of 1.5% temperature 150 ° F with a 240 minute test result.

Keywords
sodium lignosulfonat, G class cement, compressive strength, thickening time

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jJBNbFPtGq7a

Corresponding Author
Achmad Chumaidi

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Increasing demand for fossil fuels and environmental awareness are encouraging people to obtain alternative fuels from biological sources. Oil and fat are candidates for raw materials that have high potential in producing renewable fuels. The production of renewable diesel fuels is an emerging choice to increase the availability of liquid fuels. The raw material used in this study was palm stearin which was saponified with a KOH catalyst and added Mg-Zn as a catalyst for the decarboxylation reaction. The independent variables used in this study, namely the weight of catalyst from 1% -7% and the decarboxylation process time of 0.5 hours-2 hours. The results showed the best conditions at 5% catalyst weight during 1 hour processing time, with C2-C7 composition at 33.10%, C8-C11 composition at 51.56%, C12-C24 composition at 15.34%, -C- composition at 67.37%, composition -CO- by 1.44%, and composition -COO- by 31.19%.

Keywords
decarboxylation, fuel, catalyst, palm stearin

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/A89zfJWPe4Tt

Corresponding Author
Yuliana Sy

Institutions
1) Graduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111

2) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111

Abstract
This study reports on the development, preparation and performance test of NbOPO4 solid acid catalyst for biofuel production from vegetable oil. NbOPO4 catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method using NbCl5, H2SO4, and citric acid as the precursor solutions and chellating agent, respectively. This solid acid catalyst was developed by combination with NaOH as an active phase to provide reaction sites and increase the surface area of the catalyst. Dependent variables in the study were calcination time of 5 h; NbOPO4 loading of 2%; transestrification time of 3 h; reaction temperature at 65-70 Celcius and oil mass of 30 g. Whereas, the catalyst pH of 2, 4, 6, 9, and Na impregnation ratio of 20-50% were set as independent variables. The crystalline morphology of catalyst was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-Ray Difractometer was used to characterize crystallinity degree of the catalyst. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated from a transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. The highest biodiesel yield of 98,5% was obtained in the reaction using catalyst with pH of 4 and Na impregnation ratio of 30%. The density obtained was 0,860 gr/cm3 confirming that the produced biodiesel complies to the SNI standard.

Keywords
solid acid catalyst, biofuel, transesterification, Na/NbOPO4

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eJtFNmEYXzPL

Corresponding Author
Ghusrina Prihandini

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable alternative fuels. Subcritical water is a green technology which can be employed to convert rice bran with water and methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) or biodiesel with adding CO2 gas as co-solvent and N2.This study investigates the influence of operation condition to obtain biodiesel from rice bran oil. Some solvents concentrated, range of temperature ,pressurized gas and reaction time were applied in this research. Rice bran, water, and ethanol were put into subcritical water reactor in a certain ratio at 40 bar to carried out the reaction under subcritical condition. The best condition 30/10 methanol-water (v/v), t= 7 h, T = 200 0C,CO2 as co-solvent were highest yield oil obtained 18% with oleic acid methyl ester as the major identified biodiesel

Keywords
biodiesel, rice bran, subcritical methanol, subcritical water

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EHmyKWfGkVqp

Corresponding Author
Nufus Kanani

Institutions
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jalan Jendral Sudirman Km. 03, Kotabumi, Kec. Purwakarta, Kota Cilegon, Banten 42435
*nufus.kanani[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
Recently, drug nanoparticles formulation using Poly Lactic Acid-Cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) have been introduced. PLA-CNC were prepared by emulsion method for antidiabetic drug delivery applications. PLA is one of polymer which potentially used as raw material of drug delivery because it has the ability to bind and carry drugs into cell target, but the hydrophilic character of PLA cause the degradation of PLA in the body run slowly, so it is necessary combining PLA with CNC to improve its property. In this study, special attention has been given to the modification of PLA-CNC as a drug delivery matrix to obtain the optimum drug release of antidiabetic drugs. The combination of chemical PLA-CNC matrixs were characterized using FTIR and SEM, its drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior was determined by using UV spectrophotometer.

Keywords
PLA, CNC, Drug delivery, Matrix

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QvgKZ9rpJXWL

Corresponding Author
Eko Andrijanto

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
Edible coating such as chitosan was utilized to prevent fruit from ripening and prolong the shelf life. Grapes and tomato were used as samples and treated with chitosan solution at different concentration 1, 2 and 3%. The combination of 3% chitosan solution with polyphenol and ascorbic acid at different concentration were also studied. The polyphenol was extracted from green tea using maceration technique . The fruit samples were analyzed by measuring the color changes of the fruits. The shelf life of the grapes was improved almost 2.5 times longer using 3% chitosan solution compared to the uncoated grapes. The shelf life is increased from 6 days to 16 days. Tomato shelf life was also enhanced using 3 % chitosan solution from 4 days to 15 days for the coated chitosan. The addition of polyphenol and ascorbic acid to the chitosan solution was only slightly prolong the shelf life of the samples although it is not very significant compared to the blank. The results proved that the chitosan treatment to grapes and tomato enhanced their shelf life and this material has potential to be used industrially and it can benefit for farmer.

Keywords
Chitosan, grape, tomato, polyphenol, fruit quality

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eWjvQanFL6q9

Corresponding Author
Hans Kristianto

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Technology Faculty, Parahyangan Catholic University, Ciumbuleuit 94, Bandung 40141, West Java, Indonesia

b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract
In this study we utilize salacca peel as a precursor to synthesis activated carbon (AC) using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and microwave assisted chemical activation method. The HTC was done at 225°C, 50 bar for 5 h using citric acid as a catalyst. The obtained hydrochar was furthermore impregnated using KOH as activating agent at various hydrochar to KOH mass ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). The activation was done by under microwave radiation of 700 Watt for 5 min. The obtained activated carbons were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and methylene blue adsorption. The best activated carbon (1:4) was furthermore tested as nickel ion-s capacitor. The electrochemical characteristics (cyclic voltammetry) were measured by using half-cell test pouch with nickel oxide as reference electrode and 6 M KOH as electrolyte. The results obtained showed that activated carbon from salacca peel gave better performance compared to commercial activated carbon.

Keywords
activated carbon; chemical activation; hydrothermal carbonization; supercapacitor

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4xpGn9qkf6JC

Corresponding Author
Rudi Hartono

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Organic ion exchange resins as heterogeneous acid catalysts that use oil nyamplung to produce biol.diesel. It was performed at various temperature and time to get optimum condision for making biodiesel. These heterogeneous catalysts is environmentally friendly and easily separated and can be reused. The molar ratio of use oil nyamplung and methanol (1:7) was used is esterification. The yields of biodiesel at various optimum temperatures and times were : 93 % ( 5 M HCl), 87% (6M HCl) dan 85% (7M HCl). Biodiesel results were analyzed by GC Ester content and modified catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD SEM-EDX and BET

Keywords
Katalis Heterogen, Oil Nyamplung, Katalis Resin Penukar Ion, Diaion PK 208 LH

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EAzdCPkjG946

Corresponding Author
Herawati Budiastuti

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
High demanding of tofu as a food type containing high protein-s source in Indonesia is followed by increasing amount of tofu waste produced from this industry, both solid and liquid waste. The high amount of organic material of this wastewater (9,880 mg COD/L) results in its potential to be treated biologically by the combination of the anaerobic-aerobic process. To enhance the process efficiency and better quality of the effluent, in this study, coagulation and flocculation process was added as the finishing process after biological treatment methods. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the more effective method between aerobic process and the combination of anaerobic-aerobic process and to determine the best dose of tamarind seed as the natural coagulant. Doses variant used were 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, and 4,000 ppm. The result showed that the aerobic process had a slightly better performance of COD removal compared to the combination process (anaerobic-aerobic), which was about 89.744%. The finishing process, coagulation and flocculation was focused on lowering turbidity level of the effluent of biological process. 2,000 ppm of tamarind seed gave the best result on decreasing turbidity level for both processes, aerobic process (63.745%) and anaerobic-aerobic process (47.567%).

Keywords
Tofu liquid waste, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Coagulation, Flocculation, Turbidity

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pdfZMPB2qkJx

Corresponding Author
Fitria Yulistiani

Institutions
a) Chemical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung, 40012, Indonesia
*fitria.yulistiani[at]polban.ac.id
b) Energy Conversion Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung, 40012, Indonesia

Abstract
Biomass gasification technology has been developed in Indonesia in the last 30 years. During those years, this technology has become one of the choices as a decentralized power plant for remote area. However, the use of synthetic gas directly on diesel engine and steam turbine for electricity generation has a relatively low efficiency. On the other hand, synthetic gas can be used as raw material for Fischer Tropsch (FT) process, a process for manufacturing synthetic diesel and gasoline in high temperature. Because of its high temperature, the exhaust heat can still be used for steam power plant. This paper consists of a study for synthetic gas production from corncob-s gasification which then can be used as FT process-s raw material. Product-s economic level is compared with conventional process. Previous studies show that gasifier optimal temperature is between 800 to 1,000oC. Simulation shows that this approach can produce FT fuel (diesel oil equivalent) 58 million litres per year and electricity 400 GWh per year. With raw material capacity of 300,000 tonnes/year, calculated FT fuel production cost is 6,569 IDR/liter and electricity production cost are 245 IDR/kWh (about 22% of PLN-s average tariffs 1,123 IDR/kWh).

Keywords
optimal process; biomass gasification; Fischer Tropsch Synthesis; electric power; fuel

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yf4JwDkqg9Cb

Corresponding Author
Hesty Eka Mayasari

Institutions
Center for Research and Standardization of Surabaya

Abstract
Chloroprene rubber (CR) is synthetic rubber widely used for seal, joint, and also adhesive. For making rubber good, additives are needed and it can influence the properties of vulcanizate. Phenolic resin is used as additives in this study. This study aims to determine the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of chloroprene vulcanizate. The chloroprene vulcanizates were made by two-roll mill by adding phenolic resin. The phenolic resins were varies i.e: 0, 10, 20, and 30 phr. The curing characteristics of the CR vulcanizates were studied by rheometer at 140 ºC, 150 ºC, and 160 ºC. The phenolic resin improves the mooney viscosity, scorch time and optimum curing time. The compound without phenolic resin gives the highest mooney viscosity and optimum curing time. The 10 phr phenolic resin give the best mooney viscosity, optimum curing time, constant rate, activation energy and also tear strength. The suitable curing temperature for CR compound is at 150 ºC and the 10 phr phenolic resin is the proper additive for CR vulcanizate

Keywords
Phenolic resin, tackifier, chloroprene, adhesive

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/a2nJLBbA8xHW

Corresponding Author
Kusdianto Kusdianto

Institutions
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 4-1, Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan


*Email: swinardi[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
The development of nanoparticle technology is growing continuously for wide range applications, one of which is fabrication of semiconductor materials as photodegradation of organic pollutants using photocatalyst method. ZnO is the most widely used as a catalyst material for photocatalytic application due to a suitable band gap energy and the chemical stability. It was also reported by our previous study that the photocatalytic performance was significantly affected by the Ag content. In this study, ZnO-Ag nanocomposite materials have been successfully fabricated by a flame pyrolysis and the effects of catalyst weight ranging from 2 to 10 mg on the photocatalytic performance were also investigated. Zin acetate and silver nitrate were used as precursors for producing ZnO-Ag nanocomposites. The catalyst products, ZnO-Ag nanocomposite, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). While, UV Vis spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of methylene blue (MB) before and after irradiations. Photocatalytic performances of nanocomposites were performed by evaluating the degradation of MB under UV and sunlight irradiations. The photocatalytic tests showed that the best performance was attained when the Ag content was 5 wt% and the weight of catalyst as much as 2 mg after irradiation with sunlight, where the degradation rate of MB was 98 % and the rate constant was 0.0512 /min.

Keywords
Catalyst Weight, Photocatalytic Activity, ZnO/Ag Nanoparticle

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/THvpUbutF3XA

Corresponding Author
Heny Dewajani

Institutions
State Polytechnic of Malang

Abstract
Nowdays, biodiesel is a one of renewable bio fuel which being developed. By increasing biodiesel production, will increase the formation of glycerol as a by-product of the reaction. So it takes some effort to convert the glycerol into another product in order to increase the economic value of glycerol. One of these is by converting glycerol into triacetin which can be used as a bio additive in fuel through the acetylation process. The important thing to do before converting glycerol is removing the impurities from the crude glycerol. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and type of acid used in the glycerol purification process. The purification process were done by acidification, adsorption, filtration, distillation and evaporation. The acidification processes use H3PO4 (85%), H2SO4 (98%), HCl (37%) and the acid percentage is 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% (v/v). The purified glycerol were analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography) to determine glycerol content, water content, density and viscosity and is converted to triacetin by the esterification reaction using Ni / Zeolite as a catalyst. The esterification products were analyzed by titration to determine the reaction conversion. From this study it can be concluded that the highest glycerol concentration was achieved in the addition of H3PO4 with a concentration of 5% (v /v) with glycerol content of 79.59%, density 1.277 g / ml, viscosity 266.48 cP, moisture content 3.261% and glycerol conversion 82.39%. And its application as a bio additives can increase the Octane Number of commercial gasoline by 6.5%.

Keywords
glycerol, acidification process, esterification reaction, bio additive

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YQGtuMZhznJ6

Corresponding Author
Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Industry, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Jalan Ringroad Selatan, Kragilan, Tamanan, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, 55191, Indonesia
*lukhi.mulia[at]che.uad.ac.id

Abstract
Biogas production from various organic wastes such as corn stover can be used as an alternative fuel. Corn stover is one of the agricultural wastes that are widely generated in Indonesia. It contains cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for producing biogas. The biogas production process was carried out in solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD), i.e., a biological process that occurs naturally by a microorganism that breaks down molecules of organic material with a total solid content greater than 15%. This research aimed to investigate the effect of EM-4 concentration on biogas yield. The volatile solids (VS) reduction was also measured in this study. The results of the study showed that EM-4 concentration had a significant effect on biogas yield (p < 0.05). The positive linear relationship was found between EM-4 concentration and biogas yield. The highest biogas yield of 597.98 L/kg VS was obtained at EM-4 15%. The main source of biogas production during SS-AD of corn cob was the reduction of VS.

Keywords
biogas; solid-state; volatile solid; lignocellulosic biomass; effective microorganism

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9UkxDGZzy87t

Corresponding Author
Yani Faozani Alli

Institutions
Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology “LEMIGAS”
Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav.109, Cipulir, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan 12230
Telephone : 62-21-7394422, Fax: 62-21-7246150

Abstract
The application of surfactant flooding to increase the oil production has been widely known as an alternate to extract the trapped oil in the mature oilfield. The surfactant-s ability for lowering the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil and water that increase the capillary number is the main mechanism in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods to reduce the residual oil saturation. The effect of ultralow IFT of a novel natural oil-based surfactant to the residual oil saturation was investigated, whereas the effect of different flow rate during injection as one of CDC parameter was also assessed. Core flooding experiments were used as the main tools to evaluate the influence of IFT to the capillary number (Nc) that consequently affecting the residual oil saturation (Sor). The results showed that injecting ultralow IFT surfactant were able to increase oil recovery or lowering the residual oil saturation Oil saturated core was continuously injected with and without ultralow surfactant to analyze the effect of IFT to the residual oil saturation, whereas CDC profile was obtained by injecting ultralow IFT at different rate as one of the CDC parameter. The oil produce from the outlet of coreflood was collected and calculated to measure the total recovery of water or surfactant injection. CDC can then be generated by plotting the Nc with the Sor. The results showed that injecting ultralow IFT surfactant were able to increase oil recovery or lowering the residual oil saturation as much as 4%, whereas CDC-s result showed that the residual oil saturation decrease with increasing Nc, with the optimum Nc to produce oil was at the level of 10-7, rate 0.1 to 1.0 cc/min, increased 104 from Nc at waterflood stage.

Keywords
capillary number, capillary desaturation curve, CDC, natural oil-based surfactant, residual oil saturation

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EBvGhP2FxceD

Corresponding Author
Yeni Rahmawati

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*rifqah_18des[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
The phenomena of membrane wetting is a problem that can reduces the performance of membrane contactor during the CO2 absorption. The effect of membrane wetting can causes increased in mass transfer resistance and damage to the membrane surface morphology. To avoid this problem, hydrophobic membranes are used and the pressure of the solvent maintained so as not to exceed the critical pressure of the membrane. In this research, we will compare the effect of diethanolamine and activated solvents using piperazine (PZ) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) on changes in pore size, contact angles and their use for CO2 absorption. The membrane pore shape was observed from the membrane surface analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), whereas for the contact angle using the Wilhelmy method. From the experiment it was found that the structure and pore size of the polypropylene membrane had changed due to contact with the solvent. The results show that used of activated solvents can reduce the phenomena of membrane wetting, where piperazine as an activator shows better results than MSG. The experimental results of the CO2 absorption process showed that the CO2 removal using a DEA-PZ solvent reached 93%, which is 1.7 times higher than the DEA solvent.

Keywords
activated solvent; diethanolamine; CO2 absorption; membrane contactor; wetting phenomena

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FZav3xJCr2Rp

Corresponding Author
Rahmayetty Rahmayetty

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Lactic acid is a chemical with widwe variety applications that pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food industries, etc. One of the major uses of lactic acid is the polylactic acid (PLA) feedstock which is biodegradable and biocompatible as an alternative to plastic derived from fossil fuels. Efforts continue to be made to reduce the cost of producing PLA in order to compete with conventional petrochemical-based plastics. Efforts made include using molasses as a raw material because it is cheap and contains high glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best substrate input system by comparing batch and fed batch systems to obtain the optimum loading concentration in lactic acid synthesis. This study was conducted in several stages, namely the design of bioreactors, inoculation of Lactobacillus achidopillus, fermentation of molasses and purification of lactic acid. In a batch system, molasses substrate was directly inserted as much as 1 liter in the fermentor, while in the substrate fed batch system was inserted simultaneously using a dossing pump with varying loading rates of 75; 100; 150 and 250 ml/hr, up to a total volume of 1000 ml. The analysis carried out on fermentation products was the cell concentration, lactic acid and total sugar cocentration. The results of this study indicate that fed batch fermentation produces higher concentrations of lactic acid.

Keywords
molasses, batch, fed batch, lactic acid, Lactobacillus achidopillus

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LvcYAjw9d6gF

Corresponding Author
Tuty Emilia Agustina

Institutions
a) Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Sriwijaya
Jalan Palembang Prabumulih Km 32 Inderalaya, Indonesia
*tuty_agustina[at] unsri.ac.id
b) Chemical Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology
c) Chemistry Department, Sebelas Maret University

Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by the waste and the strict regulations of waste were currently a major concern for industries, such as the palm oil industry. Constraints experienced today are the difficulty of degradation process of the waste due to the high quantity and the content of contaminants in the waste. One of the efforts that can be prepared to reduce the negative impact is by using the waste as a raw material for biodiesel. Among the potential wastes to become a raw material for making the biodiesel is the wastewater from the cooling pond as a part of the wastewater treatment in palm oil industry. The objectives of this research are to study the process of oil separation from wastewater cooling pond by liquid-liquid extraction method to recover oil and use it as a raw material for making biodiesel. Extraction is carried out at room temperature. The solvent type, wastewater sample to solvent ratio, and extraction time were varied. Based on the results, the highest oil yield of 90% was reached by using n-hexane solvent, the wastewater sample to solvent ratio of 2: 3, and extraction time of 72 hours, while the acid number of 78.49 mg KOH/g oil was obtained. The separated oil can be used as a raw material for making biodiesel through the esterification and transesterification processes. The biodiesel produced has been met the standard of SNI 0471822006 for density, kinematic viscosity, acid number, saponification number, methyl ester, free glycerol, total glycerol, and oxidation stability.

Keywords
liquid-liquid extraction, oil recovery, cooling pond wastewater, biodiesel

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/r7AQXv8DtBLK

Corresponding Author
sukmanto dibyo

Institutions
(a) Center for Nuclear Reactor Safety and Technology, Batan
Puspiptek, Serpong, South Tangerang, Indonesia
*sukdibyo[at]gmail.com
(b) Center for Nuclear Facility Engineering, Batan

Abstract
Abstract. A small size reactor called Reaktor Daya Eksperimen (RDE) is being designed by BATAN. The nuclear reactor with the power of 10 MWt based on the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) type. The helium gas with high temperature is used to remove the heat generated from the reactor core. Therefore, the helium gas as primary cooling system of reactor is high temperature. The typical of reactor cooling system is that the primary coolant system pressure should be lower than the secondary coolant pressure. In order to load a nuclear fuel pebble into the reactor core, a fuel handling system (FHS) is applied. In the FHS, a carrier gas of pneumatic system is important to blow the fuel pebbles. The objective of the research is to calculate the thermal design of cooler heat exchanger in which the high temperature of helium gas as carrier gas is reduced to be lower temperature. In this case, a cooler is used to cool the helium gas by coolant water. Based on the specification data requirement to calculate the thermal design of cooler, the ChemCAD.6.1.4 software was performed. A shell-tube type of heat exchanger has been determined to reduce the temperature of helium gas from 250oC to be less than 60oC at pressure of 30 bars. The water as a coolant is passed into the shell-side at temperature of 28oC. In the design calculation, it has carried out through a various consideration on aspects of safety as well as optimization. The result of thermal design are as follows: the heat exchanger of shell-tube type using fixed tube sheet with heat duty of 0.3122 MJ/s, the coolant water mass flow rate is 3.55 kg/s, surface area for heat transfer is 51.4471 m2 and Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) is 81.53oC. Furthermore, the design result requirement of heat exchanger based on the specification, design tolerance and manufacture in appropriate with the TEMA standard of shell-tube type. The thermal design of cooler in the carrier gas of pneumatic system is expected to provide the design of FHS.

Keywords
thermal design calculation, cooler heat exchanger, fuel handling pneumatic system

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vJw4rmR8ZdVA

Corresponding Author
Nyoman Puspa Asri

Institutions
1Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,WR. Supratman University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60111.
2Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Catholic Widya Mandala University, Surabaya, East Java, 60114
3Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, East, Java, Indonesia, 60117
*corresponding author: nyoman_puspaasri[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Abstract. Biodiesel was produced from Kapok seed (Ceiba Pentranda) oil (KSO) using heterogeneous bimetallic oxide of copper and zinc supported by γ-alumina. The Alumina-supported copper oxide- zinc oxide (CuO- ZnO γ /- Al2O3) further notated by ACZ was synthesized using precipitation, impregnation and gel methods. It also was characterized using the X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Brunauwer-Emmett Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy-EDX (SEM-EDX) methods. Before being transesterified the KSO was pre-treated to reduce gum and free fatty acid content. The activity test of ACZ catalyst was done by introducing it through the transesterification process of KSO with methanol. The transesterification process was conducted in a glass batch type reactor with refluxed methanol. The effect of loading ZnO (wt. %), calcinating temperature (°C), and calcinating time of catalyst (h) on the yield of biodiesel were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the kapok seed oil was worthy and potentially to transesterified into biodiesel using ACZ catalyst.

Keywords
Keywords: biodiesel, kapok seed oil, transesterification, bimetallic oxide, heterogeneous catalyst

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YNvPABEVgnLy

Corresponding Author
Lucky Wahyu Nuzulia Setyaningsih

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*lucky.nuzulia[at]uii.ac.id

Abstract
The conversion of glycerol as by product of biodiesel manufacture into value-added product was studied. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to triacetin was carried out using activated zeolite and Lewatite as catalyst A selective method for triacetin synthesis was developed to investigate the effect of molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid (1:6, 1:7 and 1:8). The conversion values at the reactant mole ratio were subsequently 66.91%, 73.36% and 73.16%, while the selectivity obtained was 7.67%, 9.66% and 10.61% respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that the highest conversion was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 7 and the highest selectivity was obtained at a reactant mole ratio of 1: 8. The result of selectivity with various catalyst type shows that the Lewatit catalyst produces a higher selectivity than the use of activated natural zeolite as a catalyst.

Keywords
Triacetin; Esterification; Lewatit; Zeolite; Selectivity

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hckYHDJtGpaM

Corresponding Author
Agustinus Ngatin

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Abstract
Utilization of mangosteen rind extract as carbon steel inhibitors in the environment of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1M, 0.5M, and 1.0M. Extracts were carried out by extraction using ethanol solvent at a temperature of 600C with a time of 80 minutes. The research objective was to determine the effect of extract concentration on the carbon steel corrosion rate and its inhibitory efficiency, the effect of the corroding time on the corrosion rate and the inhibitory efficiency for 1000 ppm extract, and study the process of corrosion inhibition on carbon steel in HCl solution. Extract of mangosteen peel extracted using ethanol solvent was applied to HCl solution with a variation of the concentration of extract (100 ppm to 1000 ppm in 3 days, the effect of time of corroding the carbon steel with the addition of 1000 ppm extract. Corrosion rate is calculated based on the difference in weight and corrosion products shown by microscope optics The results of the extraction process research carried out at 600C with 80 minutes with a stirring of 700 rpm produced a yield of 16.71% with a ratio of mangosteen peel powder and 1: 11. The inhibitory properties of mangosteen peel extract for three (3) days increased with increasing extract concentrations up to 76.53% in 0.1M HCl solution and 28.83% in 1.0M HCl solutions. For the addition of 1000 ppm mangosteen peel extract showed inhibitor efficiency reached about 90% at 2 days of corrosive time in HCl 0 , 5 M, 87% in 1.0 M HCl solution, and 81% in 0.1 M HCl solution. Mechanism of mangosteen peel extract performance agai carbon steel corrosion inhibitors through the process of diffusion of compounds in extracts on the surface of carbon steel and react with ferro ions (Fe 2 +) to form chemical covalent coordination coordinate the surface of carbon steel with a thickness of 76 µm.

Keywords
mangosteen peel extract, corrosion inhibitor, carbon steel, hydrochloric acid

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zY68LrXKbpma

Corresponding Author
Sri Mulyati

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
(b) Doctoral School of Engineering Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
*sri.mulyati[at]unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
This paper reports about the application of biosilica sourced from low-cost and natural biomasses such as rice husk and sugarcane bagasse as membrane modifying agents. The modification was conducted on poly(ether sulfone) membrane by blending technique. The modification was aimed to improve the performance of the PES membrane in terms of water permeability as well as separation performance. The effects of silica addition to the membrane system were evaluated through the analysis of change in chemical structure using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface morphological change using the atomic force microscope, and surface hydrophilicity using water contact angle measurement. The results showed that addition of biosilica of both natural sources successfully enhanced the pore property and hydrophilicity (from 80 to 50 contact angle degree) of the membranes which subsequently improved the water permeability as well as filtration performance of the blended membranes.

Keywords
Biosilica; Ultrafiltration; Flux promoting agent; Rice husk; Sugarcane baggase

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uED7FUCqWkvA

Corresponding Author
Firda Tirta Yani

Institutions
(a) Graduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
(b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 23111
*husni_husin[at]che.unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
With the aim to reduce the negative impacts caused by the widespread of water hyacinth to the environment, this paper reports the utilization of water hyacinth as a source of biomass to fabricate a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by calcinating the grounded hyacinth biomass at 600 celcius, and K2CO3 was then introduced as a co-catalyst through impregnation method. The properties of biodiesel were also evaluated in terms of viscosity, density, and acidic number. To better understand the impregnation effects, surface topography, particle size, and atom composition of water hyacinth catalyst without and with K2CO3 impregnation were analyzed. The performance of the synthesized catalyst was studied for transesterification reaction of palm oil into biodiesel. The reaction was carried out in a batch mode for 3 hours with stirring at 65 celcius. The molar ratio of methanol to oil of 12:1, and the catalyst loading was varied from 5 to 15 wt.%. The highest yield (94,47%) was obtained from the process using 15% of hyacinth-based catalyst which impregnated with 20% of K2CO3. The biodiesel produced was in the range of the SNI standard. The water hyacinth can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production at industrial scale.

Keywords
Heterogenous catalyst, Water hyacinth, Impregnation, Biodiesel

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rZ2UWPC4Fvyd