Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Khairul Anam

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University
Jl. MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*khairul.anam27[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The tensile strength of rubber sap additive with different NaOH concentration was studied on the wood surfaces. The adhesives were cured at room temperature for different curing times (3, 6, and 12 hour) with NaOH concentrations of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%. The results shown that the tensile strength of the adhesive joint increased when the NaOH concentrations and curing times is increasing. This evidence can be easily explained by investigating the water content in the adhesive. The highest tensile strength of 0.259 MPa occurred when the NaOH concentrations and curring time of 5 wt% and 12 hours, respectively. However, this value is remained low compare to synthetic adhesives. In addition, from images of adhesives after breaking of samples, the failure mode of the adhesive joint is dominated by adhesive failure.

Keywords
Tensile strength; Rubber sap adhesive; NaOH; Curing time

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cbLFCE26tTDu

Corresponding Author
Nuryosuwito Nuryosuwito

Institutions
(1)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nusantsara PGRI University, Jl.KH. Achmad Dahlan No. 76, Mojoroto Kediri, Indonesia.
(2) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jalan MT.Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Email : suwitounp[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Global plastic production has increased over the years due to the large number of plastic applications in many sectors. Continuous demand from plastics causes the accumulation of plastic waste in landfills to spend a lot of space contributing to environmental problems. Increased demand for plastics causes the release of petroleum as part of fossil fuels that are not renewable because plastics are petroleum-based materials. Therefore, in this study conducted a study of pyrolysis products from PET plastic waste materials using natural catalyst Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. The result of pyrolysis process shows that PET plastic waste at 350ºC produces 160 ml. The highest catalyst alloy at highest temperature is 350ºC as much as 150 ml. PET plastic waste produces higher value product then plastic waste can be used as fuel alternative.

Keywords
Pyrolysis, PET plastic waste with natural catalyst

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8GztCHFBgYL2

Corresponding Author
Husaini Husaini

Institutions
Computational Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111. Indonesia
*E-mail: husainiftm[at]unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
Pulley is a mechanism consisting of a wheel that is fastened to a shaft that has a groove between the two edges around it. In its use pulleys always pair with a belt. The belt is usually used on the groove of the pulley to move power and rotation. Pulley failure often occurs due to excessive load and rotation. The case in this study was the failure of the crankshaft Pulley from a Truck that occurred in December 2016 so that the heavy duty truck could not operate anymore. The truck has only been used for around 20 months. The purpose of this study is to find the cause of failure. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a failure analysis where in this case an experimental study was conducted. The analysis was carried out starting from inspection and visual observation. And then also carried out laboratory tests namely hardness testing and observations on the surface of the crack using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From a series of analyzes, the results show that the initial cracks occur in the corners around the key way. Because the pulleys experience a dynamic load, the initial cracks propagate to a final broken failure. Another result was obtained that the hardness of the outer part of the pulley around the key way, where the thickness of the hardness reaching 4 mm almost reached the thickness of the pulley around the keyway which was about 5mm.

Keywords
Crankshaft pulley; Crack propagation; Truck; Hardness; Failure analysis

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/azJQBFUe4Pju

Corresponding Author
Husaini Husaini

Institutions
Computational Mechanics Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam - Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
*husainiftm[at]unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract
As it is known that the failure of the boiler pipe often occurs on the super heater pipe of a Steam Recovery Boiler Pipe Generator (HRSG). Super heater is a component where water vapor is heated with a temperature around 816 ° C to produce enough steam to drive a generator at a steam power plant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the failure of the super heater pipe of the HRSG which has broken. This research starts from visual observation of broken pipes. Further information is also sought about the operating conditions when the pipe breaks. Then a laboratory test was carried out to determine the chemical composition of the HRSG boiler pipe material. Moreover the hardness testing was conducted by using Rockwell Hardness Tester ZHR 4150AK/BK Zwick Roell. And then the micro-structure was observed by using Microscope Optic Olympus GX71. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observation on the fracture surface was also conducted to find the initial crack. From the results of chemical composition testing, it was found that the material of super heater pipe is made of carbon steel materials ASME SA 178. Metallographic results show that the micro-structure of this material is Ferrite - Pearlite. The result of hardness test shows that the surface area of the pipe is not broken has an average hardness of 25.3 HRB and the hardness of the broken surface has an average hardness of about 15.4 HRB. From the SEM observation, it is known that the failure occurs in a ductile fracture due to inter granular crack occurs on on the fracture surface of the pipe. The presence of deformation (creep) seen on the super heater pipes is due to operating at high temperatures and pressures with long operating time. This condition causes the thickness of the pipe to be depleted and also the presence of pitting corrosion on the inside of the pipe so that it breaks due to crack propagation which penetrates the wall of the pipe until it breaks because the material is no longer able to withstand the steam pressure inside the pipe. To find the magnitude of the stress intensity factor around the tip of the crack is conducted using Finite Element Analysis. From the finite element analysis results, it was found that the stress intensity factor, KI is about 59.49 MPa√mm which occurred in the initial defect area was greater than the value of the fracture toughness of the material KIC is about 49.15 MPa√mm (KI > KIC). This condition indicates that the crack propagation occurred through the pipe wall which caused the boiler pipe to break.

Keywords
Super heater; Fracture; Carbon steel; Hardness; HRSG

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fZ83eFEcLwMm

Corresponding Author
Hamdani Umar

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
hamdani[at]unsyiah.ac.id
b) Planning Section, Samudra University, Kota Langsa, Aceh, 24416, Indonesia.
c) Mechanical Engineering Department, Samudra University, Kota Langsa, Aceh, 24416 Indonesia.

Abstract
All renewable energy sources are land intensive. A solar photovoltaic (PV) system requires a lot of spaces, and roofs of buildings are perfect places for installation of campus-wide PV system since most universities cannot a&

Keywords
Feasibility study, Photovoltaic, Campus

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RcbwJyPnfFWY

Corresponding Author
Mia Rismalia

Institutions
a) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia
*farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id
b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia

Abstract
This paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) of Miura origami structure under the uniaxial compressive loading condition. The FEA model is developed under elastic-perfectly plastic material. Investigation on the compressive deformation characteristic and elastic modulus with three varied parameters, i.e. angle, thickness, and density of the Miura origami structure is conducted. The Abaqus software is used to conduct the simulation of compression test. The simulation result is then compared with and examined to the experimental data. The results of the analysis can be used for predicting the mechanical behavior of origami-shaped structure such as for designing an impact energy absorber and vibration damper.

Keywords
finite element analysis, Miura origami, uniaxial loading, deformation characteristic, material properties, elastic-perfectly plastic material.

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rWzE4FbBa2VX

Corresponding Author
Suroto Munahar

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Abstract
LPG is an alternative fuel for gasoline engines that have almost all basic properties, such as energy content, octane number, automatic ignition temperature, flame speed, and flammability limits. The CO, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions produced by LPG engines are lower than current gasoline engines. However, LPG vehicles with first generation LPG kits (vaporizer and mixer) generally waste fuel during deceleration. Therefore, this study develops fuel control during deacceleration with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). Simulation results show that the controller is able to provide a more realistic picture of the dynamics of AFR during deceleration. In conclusion, ANFIS is very promising to be implemented as an AFR controller in LPG-fueled vehicles.

Keywords
ANFIS, Controller, LPG, Fuel

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KzhntxyfpC6E

Corresponding Author
adam rohman

Institutions
Trisakti University

Abstract
The gas lift system is widely used as an artificial lift for oil production in petroleum industry. At the point of gas injection Gas lift valve use square edge orifice geometry. The problem in the optimization of gas lift wells is the flow instability due to gas flow rate fluctuations, the limited volumetric gas injection and limited gas compressor pressure. With the limited compressor pressure, the lift flow and gas design is dependent on the amount of pressure on the compressor, the production wells with limited injection pressure will result in a limited amount of gas injection, the square edge orifice requires a pressure difference of 40% to achieve the maximum gas flow rate. This GLV design modification includes changing the GLV orifice geometry. Design studies using Fluid Dynamic simulations to analyze any changes in GLV geometry design. The design modification approach is base on literature study venturi orifice geometry and the availability of equipment for GLV modification. The results of this study are expected to increase the gas flow rate of injection, according to the needs of gas lift well optimization.

Keywords
GLV, orifice, Computational Fluid dynamic

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2yaBHVChGZgU

Corresponding Author
Yafid Effendi

Institutions
(1,2,4) Mechanical Engineering Department of Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
(3) Chemical Engineering Department of Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
Fin and tube heat exchangers are widely used in the chemical industry, power plants, automotive industry, refrigeration, and air conditioning. An improvement of fin and tube heat exchanger performance needs to be done to obtain competitive heat exchanger products in the market. This performance can be enhanced by increasing the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient. One way is to generate longitudinal vortex using the vortex generator. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of vortex generators on increasing heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses of air flow through heated tubes in a rectangular channel. The experimental method is to compare the use of vortex generators with no vortex generators (baseline), vortex generators include concave delta winglet pair vortex generators (CDWP VGs) and delta winglet pair vortex generators (DWP VGs) with angles of attack was set at 15o and airflow velocity was set from 0.4 m/s to 2.0 m/s. Inlet, outlet, and surface tube temperatures were measured using thermocouples. From the results of the study, it was found that the use of vortex generators increases the convection heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss compared to those without vortex generators. When using DWP and CDWP VGs, convection heat transfer coefficient is increased by 44.91% and 84.68%, respectively, at Re = 11,101 to 11,272 compared to that without vortex generators and pressure losses increased by 3.51% and 8.20%.

Keywords
convection heat transfer coefficient, pressure loss, vortex generators

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EkHfDMFepc2a

Corresponding Author
Nazaruddin Sinaga

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*) nsinaga.ccfed[at]yahoo.com
b) Mechanical Engineering Department, Gorontalo University, Jalan Abd. Wahab 247,Gorontalo 96211, Indonesia
c) Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi, Jalan Cut Meuthia 83, Bekasi 17113, Indonesia

Abstract
The performance of a motorcycle engine is greatly influenced by the cooling system. If the heat is released more than it should be then the efficiency will decrease. Thus, the engine block cooling system must be designed optimally. This study aimed to obtain a computation model that could be used to develop an optimum cooling system in heat transfer for a motorcycle engine. Calculations were performed numerically using a finite volume method to determine the effect of fin geometry and vehicle speed on the heat transfer rate of a motorcycle engine. The engine block was modeled as an annular fin cylinder which had a stroke volume of 150 cc, where the outer and inner diameter was 78 mm and 62 mm, respectively, while the fin thickness was 2 mm. The simulated vehicle speed was 40 to 100 km/h at 30 oC air temperature. The fin length was varied from 10 mm to 50 mm, and the fin pitch was 4 mm to 14 mm. It was found that there were an optimal length and fin pitch for each vehicle speed. At 50 km/h motorcycle speed, the optimum fin length and pitch were 30 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that this numerical simulation can be used to design an optimal motorcycle engine block cooling system.

Keywords
computational method, engine cooling, fin, finite volume, heat transfer

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HdemfWpXCbQE

Corresponding Author
Nazaruddin Sinaga

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering Department of Diponegoro University

Abstract
The performance of a motorcycle engine is greatly influenced by the cooling system. If the heat is released more than it should be then the efficiency will decrease. Thus, the engine block cooling system must be designed optimally. The research aimed to study the effect of motorcycle speed, turbulence intensity, and tilt angle on the heat transfer coefficient of the engine block cooling system. Calculations were performed numerically using a finite volume method. The engine block was modeled as an annular fin cylinder which had a stroke volume of 150 cc, where the outer and inner diameter was 78 mm and 62 mm, respectively, while the fin thickness was 2 mm. The simulated vehicle speed was 40 to 100 km/h at 30 oC air temperature. The turbulence intensity were varied between 0 to 20%, while the tilt angle were 0 to 90 degrees. It was found that there were an optimum condition which give the highest heat transfer coefficient. It can be concluded that the numerical simulation can be used to design an optimal motorcycle engine block cooling system.

Keywords
motorcycle; engine block; heat transfer; numerical method; turbulence intensity; tilt angle

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/32ZDEWdbnyzh

Corresponding Author
Aditiya Harjon

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia

*aditiya.harjon[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id

Abstract
The effects of fossil fuel combustion are famously concerning. 70% of the global production of carbon monoxide is accounted from transportation sector; the sector in which fossil fuel is popularly being continuously used. As one alternative fuels, bioethanol is a renewable fuel which have attracted many researchers in the pursuit of lowering the dependency on fossil fuel and its negative effects to the environment. In third generation bioethanol production, green algae are deemed to carry high potential as the feedstock due to its ampleness, especially in a tropical country such as Indonesia. In this study the ability to produce fermentable sugars from green algae was observed through high-pressurization treatment. Different treatment pressures were achieved through varying temperature set in the autoclave: 110, 120 and 130oC. The recorded pressure was up to about 500 kPa, and this treatment was also compared with non-pressurizing production method. Samples were analyzed for reducing sugars content through DNS method. Since simple sugars are essential in the fermentation stage, the produced sugars from green algae are the indication of potential as the feedstock in bioethanol production.

Keywords
Biofuel; Renewable energy; Bioethanol

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/waLj9Ht4mzqK

Corresponding Author
Wahyudi

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
(b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan

Abstract
Indonesia has the highest potential of geothermal energy in the world with 30 GW. However, the utilization ratio is low with around 5% only. This situation occur since there are several geothermal energy targets failed to be achieved. The development of geothermal energy have several problems and one of them is rejection in the community when geothermal development begins. To overcome this situation, an increase in community understanding of this technology usage needs to be conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study is to discover public understanding by exploring the knowledge of vocational high school students about geothermal energy. This is conducted because they are young people who are part of the community. Their knowledge plays an important role in selecting energy sources for the country in the future. This study uses a triangulation strategy model that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Respondents were students in Indonesia with a case study in Karanganyar Regency, Central of Java. Knowledge is measured by an indicator of the level of understanding of geothermal technology.

Keywords
Geothermal Energy, Energy Policy, Knowledge, Vocational High School

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HzUFnCbv93Pc

Corresponding Author
Anis Roihatin

Institutions
(a)Energy Conversion Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Semarang
(b)Energi Power Plant Engineering Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Semarang
*anis.roihatin[at]polines.ac.id

Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cell is a fuel cell that uses a membrane as an electrolyte to exchange protons. The principle works is to convert electrochemical energy into electrical energy directly with hydrogen gas fuel. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of hydrogen fuel cells against variations in fuel flow rate and concentration to get the optimum performance. First step is design a hydrogen fuel cell model, then simulated the cell performance of the hydrogen fuel flow rate of 6, 18, and 30 mL / min and the fuel concentration of 50 mol /m3 . Furthermore, the characteristics of the voltage-electric current and electric-current power per fuel cell stack are obtained. Hydrogen fuel cell research produces optimum power at 0.0471 mW / cm2 at a cell current 0135 mA /cm 2 and the cell voltage 0,35 V . The greater the load used, the time faster used by the battery to turn on the load. The highest time taken when a small load is 10 watts with a time of 240 hours and the fastest time taken when a large load is 400 watts with a time of 6 hours. Reduction of battery discharge time to the same load due to power losses in each equipment and circuit which results in the power generated by the battery not reaching the maximum load.

Keywords
photovoltaic, electrolyzer, PEM Fuel Cell, hydrogen flow rate

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z36eqHMJwCVN

Corresponding Author
Yusuf Dewantoro Herlambang

Institutions
Politeknik Negeri Semarang

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the performance of hydrogen fuel cell to study different fuel flow rate and different concentration to obtain the optimum performance of the cell. First, design a hydrogen fuel cell model, second simulate cell performance toward hydrogen fuel flow rates of 6, 18, and 30 mL/min and fuel concentrations of 50 mol/m3. Subsequently, we obtained the characteristics of voltage-electric current density and power density-electric current density per stack of fuel cell. The research of this hydrogen fuel cell obtained the power density optimum of 0.0471 mW/cm2 at a cell current density of 0.135 mA/cm2 and a cell voltage of 0.35 V. The greater the load the greater the time used by the battery for instant loads. The average time when the load is small is 10 W with a time of 240 hours and the fastest time when a large load is 400 watts with a time of 6 hours. Decreasing battery discharge time to the same load due to the completion of power losses in each device or circuit that produces the power generated by the battery does not reach the maximum load.

Keywords
photovoltaic; PEM fuel cell; power density; flowrate; concentration

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nVTE7YwKhHLr

Corresponding Author
Ilham Wahyu Kuncoro

Institutions
(a) Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
*agung.pambudi[at]staff.uns.ac.id
(b) School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abstract
The development of the world internet usage continues to increase from time to time. It is recorded that 46% of the worlds population has become internet users and generates data traffic of 8 zettabytes every day. This increase has triggered the growth of data center infrastructure as processing, storage and communication system in the digital world. The data center itself has contributed 1.5% of total world electricity consumption and is expected to continue to increase. With the proportion of energy use in the data center, it covers 52% of electrical energy for information technology (IT) equipment, 38% for cooling and 10% for supporting equipment. One of the problems faced by data centers is the cooling of information technology (IT) components that are relatively large in energy, this has been a separate concern in several years of research. This paper describes cooling models that have the potential to improve the efficiency of using energy data centers. There have been many studies using several methods in order to find the most effective way to transfer heat data centers, one of them using the immersion cooling method. Immersion cooling promises energy efficiency improvements in the data center, using dielectric fluids that have high heat capacity. Several types of fluids and immersion cooling methods are identified and discussed in this paper.

Keywords
Electricity Consumption, Cooling Methods, Energy Efficiency, Immersion Cooling

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CEgqbfNv6JcW

Corresponding Author
Bambang Eko Saputro

Institutions
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract
Technology helps a drafter speed up work completion, including CAD (Computer Aided Design) applications. Auto CAD which is an application (CAD software) is used to draw, design drawings, even analyze a design to realize a commercially viable product. This program has advantages and convenience to make images visually, accurately and precisely. The lecture strategy with the help of a computer is a lecture method via computer where, the user (User) can more easily & quickly understand & apply what information is learned through an attractive image display. The product design of a gear with a cycloide (Cycloide) gear profile is used as an instrument to realize student competencies in machine element courses. An evaluation of the previous material provided an initiative in the development of the module. The module development referred to uses the term 4-D or better known as (Four-D). The 4-D development model has 4 stages: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. [12] The final results of the development of CAD learning modules with the 4-D method received a very good response from students and lecturers of PTM Study Program STKIP Eleven April Sumedang.

Keywords
AutoCAD, Technical Drawing, Computer Aided Learning, Product Design

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VRgJ3dxnFetf

Corresponding Author
Dwinanto Sukamto

Institutions
(1) INSA de Strasbourg, Laboratoire ICUBE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
(2) Engineering faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
The hotbox machine at Climatherm laboratory was used for thermal test on the wall. This hotbox machine allows the measurement of different environmental variables. In this research, thermal performance tests were conducted on the wall imposing boundary condition vary the cavity distance between two wall elements and then these tests were performed in steady-state conditions. The wall prepared from aluminium composite and was maintaining controlling the temperature difference between the two chambers 20°C and the air debit constant. In the first part of this paper, a description of the hotbox machine, operation ranges and theoretical work principles of the hotbox are presented. Then, the second part shows the results for thermal test on the wall. The thermal test performed with the hotbox machine allow simulating environmental conditions accurately during in certain distance of cavity and in certain air debit. As a result, the configuration settings value at the hotbox machine have to correction to reach the temperature difference as planned. The temperature difference at beginning of the thermal tests on the wall is less than planed temperature difference. However, this correction value of temperature shows agreement result with the value 20°C in temperature different.

Keywords
Temperature different; the hotbox; thermal tests; the wall

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zHL4vcQ7hxjT

Corresponding Author
M. Muchammad

Institutions
Laboratory for Engineering Design and Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.

Abstract
Increasing bearing performance in load support can be done by adding texture and artificial slip on one of the bearing surfaces. In this paper, a study is presented on fluid inertia and slip effect on the performance of textured hydrodynamic thrust bearings in producing load support by considering both cavitation and without cavitation. The results obtained indicate that cavitation needs to be considered in the bearing analysis. Moreover, the greater the fluid inertia force is, the less load support will be produced in a slip condition, but in a no-slip condition, adding artificial slip can increase the load that can be supported by the bearings at a certain sliding speed.

Keywords
Bearing analysis; cavitation; texture; slip boundary.

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dhLkXYzuTZmw

Corresponding Author
Suparni Setyowati Rahayu

Institutions
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
2Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Univesritas Diponegoro, Semarang
3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang Indonesia

Abstract
Environmental management must be carried out in a sustainable manner and this is made possible when the efforts involved are easy, cheap, and whenever possible profitable. Therefore, environmental pollution prevention measures such as the Cleaner Production approach is well suited to be implemented in the environmental efforts in Organic Rubbish. Cleaner Production approach that is combined with Organic Rubbish will be the best approach for the environmental management of Settlements. This research is aimed to develop a new system that integrates the application of Cleaner Production and Organic Rubbish from Settlements. In this research, the waste from tofu that is turned into biogas as a form of renewable energy using an Biosam reactor, for which the waste mud from the sewage system serves as the inoculums. There are 5 approach for implementation: (1) workshop; (2) supervising; (3) technical meeting; (4) network meeting, and (5) technical application. Implementation of the Cleaner Production scheme that is integrated with Organic RubbishTreatment will reduce the amount of rubbish to be treated in the treatment facilities. This means less cost on the construction and operation of waste water treatment facilities, as inherent limitations with organic rubbish treatment facilities like lack of fund, limited area, and technological issues are already there. Implementation of Cleaner Production prior to organic treatment should be able to reduce pollution figures up to certain levels that limitations in organic rubbish treatment facilities can be covered. Biogas in 12 days HRT in an Biosam reactor contains CH4 (88.46 %) and CO2 (12.66 %). Meanwhile, treatment using conventional a bio-digester results in biogas with 88.46 % CH4 and 12.66 % CO2. Hence, biogas efficiency for the Biosam system is 2.54 times greater than using a conventional digester.

Keywords
integration, clean production, Biosam reactor, organic rubbish

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Xea7EZpMRcbD

Corresponding Author
Mohammad Tauviqirrahman

Institutions
Laboratory for Engineering Design and Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedharto SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java 50275, Indonesia.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Jl. Kapten Suparman 39, Potrobangsan, Magelang Utara, Magelang, Central Java, 56116, Indonesia.

Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Postbus 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

Abstract
Surface texturing is becoming an effective way for increasing the performance of hydrodynamic bearings. However, introducing the texture on the lubricated sliding contact may lead to the presence of the inertia effect as well as the cavitation effect. In this study, the correlation between the inertia and the cavitation in textured bearing is investigated in terms of hydrodynamic pressure and load support. The Navier-Stokes equation based on CFD and modified Reynolds equation are applied. In addition, the use of slip condition and its effect on the performance of bearing is of particular interest. The simulations are conducted in very low sliding velocity to address the low inertia effect. The result shows that increasing inertia effect can increase the load support, but the cavitation effects is not found in the bearing pattern in which the inertia is not significant. The other interesting result concludes that slip reduces the load support, but on the other hand slip also increases the load support depending on the texture length.

Keywords
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), inertia, Lubrication, textured bearing

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/N2QCfkeJ4VgE

Corresponding Author
wiyono slamet

Institutions
Universtas Sultan AgengTirtayasa

Abstract
Sultan wind turbine v.5 is a vertical axis wind turbine with a combination of savonius and darrieus types. This wind turbine is the development of previous wind turbine studies. To find out the value of the moment of inertia coefficient and the value of moment inertia rotor sultan wind turbine v.5 the experiment was carried out using an inclined plane. Rigid objects that roll do a combination of two movements at once namely translational motion and rotational motion. Inertia moments of rigid bodies are generally formulated as I = kMR2 where k is the coefficient of moment inertia. In this experiment, the object used is the right and left rotor of the sultan wind turbine v.5. Data collection is done by video recording when the rotor rolls on the inclined plane. The videos are analyzed using tracker software. The motion on the rotor in the videos subsequently tracked to produce position and time data. The tracking method are in two ways, namely auto-tracking and manual tracking. The tracking data is made into a graph resulting in a linear velocity relationship with time. Those graph are analyzed which produces the A gradient value. From the results of calculations and data analysis, the coefficient of mement inertia right rotor is 4.36 and the left rotor is 4.677. The calculation value of the inertia moment right rotor is 2.26 Kgm2 and the left rotor is 2.42 Kgm2.

Keywords
Sultan wind turbine, moment inertia of rotor, tracking methode

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fkv3Y9LMAdPn

Corresponding Author
Mutaufiq Mutaufiq

Institutions
a) Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Jl. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung, Indonesia
*taufiq_top[at]upi.edu

Abstract
A household refrigerator was machine that operates continuously throughout the day to kept food fresh. So that a little savings in electricity consumption was very beneficial. The purpose of this study was to obtain savings in refrigerator electricity consumption by replacing R-134a working fluid with Musicool-22 natural refrigerant. Furthermore, to reducing global warming potential of the earths surface due to HFCs refrigerants. The study was designed experimentally with the retrofit refrigerant drop in substitute method on refrigerator practicum tools. The test begins by measuring the performance of refrigerators using R-134a working fluid. Then the working fluid R-134a is retrofitted with MC-22 with a mass of 15%, 20%, 25%, 35%, and 45% of the mass of R-134a. Finally, the performance of the refrigerator that has been retrofitted using the MC-22 was measured as a measurement of the performance of refrigerator using the R-134a. The test results show that, when the refrigerator is retrofitted using MC-22 with a mass of refrigerant 25% mass of R-134a refrigerant, the performance of the refrigerator increases. Electricity consumption is more efficient with a marked decrease in electrical power requirements to 12.2%. In addition, the freezer room temperature is lower at 6.9 0C compared to when operating with R-134a working fluid.

Keywords
Electricity consumption, drop in substituted method, refrigerant, refrigerator, retrofit

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xfwAQaHjMuT4

Corresponding Author
Jamila Rahmoun

Institutions
a) Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France
Campus Mont Houy, 59313 Valenciennes cedex 9, France
b) Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine
1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France

Abstract
Understanding the physical mechanisms of bone fracture represents a major challenge in biomechanics, since it allows the enhancement of injury criteria commonly used by Euro NCAP benchmarks for the safety of passenger cars or pedestrians. It can also deliver a follow up of athlete-s safety during their trainers avoiding risk zones of injury especially in contact sports. This knowledge is essentially based on the use of the numerical models, whose prediction is assessed through the development of high resolution medical imaging and simulation softwares. Among these models, the anthropometric test device (ATD) commonly used for crash-test or other more detailed local models simulating the interaction between bone tissue and clinical equipment such as prostheses. Their advantage lies mainly in the diversity of configurations and loading conditions and hence the optimization of time and the total benchmark cost. However, one can observe that the material constitutive laws used are often derived from the experimental characterizations carried out at the macroscopic scale ignoring the bone microarchitecture. A micromechanical based approach revealed to be more suitable where the robustness of computation and accuracy of results are of interest. The present investigation is devoted to the theoretical formulation and validation of an ductile damage model applied to the human humerus bone in the thermodynamics framework. The approach consists in formulating the macroscopic material tangent operator by considering the linear local behavior of each phase. Due to the matrix-inclusion morphology of the bone microstructure, a Mori–Tanaka scheme was considered at the localization stage. In order to consider the strain rate effects on the humerus behavior, the standard model of Johnson-Cook was adopted as a preliminary trial. The obtained micromechanical model was implemented using a User Material subroutine (UMAT) within the explicit dynamic code LS-DYNA. The validity of the resulting finite element model was validated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental measurements at different length-scales. The outcome of the proposed ductile damage model appears to correctly predict the general trends observed experimentally through the good estimation of the ultimate impact load that a human humerus may encounter at fracture. The fracture patterns predicted by the proposed micromechanical damage model are consistent with the physical humerus rupture even if this model is limited only to the fracture initiation. Further improvements will be performed to the present model to take into account the marrow effects and fracture patterns.

Keywords
Micromechanical modeling; Ductile damage; Numerical simulation; Human Humerus

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QEV2gaJcUwNj

Corresponding Author
Teuku Edisah Putra

Institutions
a Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Universitas Syiah Kuala - 23111 Banda Aceh - Indonesia
edi[at]unsyiah.ac.id
b Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - 43600 UKM-Bangi - Malaysia
c Departmental Chair of Mechatronics,
Universität Duisburg-Essen - 47057 Duisburg - Germany

Abstract
This work presents a wavelet-based analysis for locating higher amplitude segments of an acceleration signal. The acceleration signal was measured at an automotive coil spring driven on a public road surface using an accelerometer and a data acquisition to record the signal. The wavelet coefficient provided the energy distributions of a particular time and frequency. The energy was then utilized to locate the damaging segments in the acceleration signal. When the damaging segments were recombined into a single acceleration signal, it has an equivalent behavior with less than 10 % difference in terms of statistical parameters. It proved that the method successfully located the damaging segments in the acceleration signal.

Keywords
Energy; Power spectral density; statistics; vibration

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MmB9cuKCGzEy

Corresponding Author
Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Dolgopolov

Institutions
a) Samara University
b) Samara Polytech
&
* TP A&ST

Abstract
Green technologies involve the use of radioisotope waste from nuclear power plants to generate electricity by directly converting the energy of radiochemical transformations through semiconductor structures. The generation of multi-nanolevel electricity by means of the heterostructure of silicon carbide on the silicon substrate was tested (on the example of a radioisotope medical product containing C-14). The content of C-14 in the SiC phase was determined at the doping level, but this was sufficient to generate nonequilibrium carriers in the p-n region of the transition in silicon carbide and their separation by the space charge region field, while dark currents from 16 to 90 nA were observed in the external circuit. The measurements were carried out on the stand excluding electromagnetic interference without the formation of metallization of the contact pads by the tip probe method. Idling voltage was amounted to 1.6 mV. The thickness of the activated n-SiC film in the heterostructure is 5 µm. References: Gurskaya A.V., Dolgopolov M.V., Chepurnov V.I. C-14 Beta Converter // Physics of Particles and Nuclei. 2017. — Vol. 48. Issue 6. — P. 941-944. Akimchenko A., Chepurnov V., Dolgopolov M. etc. Betavoltaic device in por-SiC/Si. C-Nuclear Energy Converter // EPJ Web of Conferences. — 2017. — Vol. 158.

Keywords
GREEN TECHNOLOGIES, SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, SILICON CARBIDE, ENERGY CONVERSION

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tmUJkA8zjF7P

Corresponding Author
Liliek Triyono

Institutions
1,3,4 Mechanical Department, 2 Electrical Departments
1,2,3,4State Polytechnic of Semarang

Abstract
Abstract - The Powerhouse Department on a diesel engine manufacturer has the role of supplying electricity to all departments, especially the production department. The problem that arises is the recording of all maintenance and repair activities carried out in the logbook. The purpose of this research is to develop a maintenance information system that can record all maintenance and repair activities that can be recorded electronically. The method used is Object-Oriented Development (OOD). The results of the research are data of toolst, parts & spare-parts, maintenance history & engine damage, maintenance scheduling documents, and vendor & supplier data. The system was implemented on this manufacturer.

Keywords
Keywords : maintenance, diesel, powerhouse, OOD

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nDBcbW6ZaHVJ

Corresponding Author
Sidik Susilo

Institutions
a) Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Soedirman KM.3 Cilegon 42435, Indonesia
*sidik[at]untirta.ac.id
b)Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Soedirman KM.3 Cilegon 42435, Indonesia
c) Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Soedirman KM.3 Cilegon 42435, Indonesia
d) Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Soedirman KM.3 Cilegon 42435, Indonesia
e) Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jendral Soedirman KM.3 Cilegon 42435, Indonesia

Abstract
Modeling of electromagnetic energy harvesting on the vehicle suspension system is presented in this paper. This study uses the up and down movement oscillation of the shock absorber to vibrate the SDOF module which is consist coil and a permanent magnet. The mathematical model is developed by using Faraday law to estimate the electrical response of the energy harvester. The effect of resistance load is admitted in the mathematical model its effect on the performance of the energy harvester. The effect is investigated for different values of frequency and resistance load. This method proposed regenerative absorber is effective and practical for renewable energy applications.

Keywords
Modeling, Electromagnetic, energy harvesting, vehicle suspension

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cA8GgTUq3bku

Corresponding Author
Astrie Kusuma Dewi

Institutions
Politeknik Energi dan Mineral (PEM) Akamigas

rachman.setiawan[at]esdm.go.id

Abstract
For over a century, Cepu has been known as one of the oil and gas producers in Indonesia. One of the oil and gas field that is estimated to produce natural gas is Balun field with a number of wells still exist in Cepu residential areas. Balun field was first explored and exploited in 1939 until its closure in 2007 due to economical and safety consideration by PT Pertamina. PEM Akamigas, as a vocational education institution specializing in oil and gas, is currently carrying out feasibility study for re-activation of well in Balun gas field, based on technical, safety and financials for city gas purposes. One of the technical aspects in the study is through mechanical preliminary design and construction cost estimation. The gas from P 02 well consists of approximately 29 % of CO2, that needs to be removed. Amine regenaration method has been selected to reduce the carbon di-oxyde content before the natural gas be transferred to city gas pipeline. According to earlier study, the production capacity of the well is only 0.2 MMscfd, however the amine regeneration process equipment is designed to have 1 MMscfd maximum capacity. The mechanical design includes pressure vessel design, i.e. High pressure separator, low pressure separator, gas scrubber and piping system. The design also includes the equipment and piping layout in the gas removal area at PM 01. The pressure vessel design is according to ASME VIII-1, whilst piping design uses ASME B31.3 codes.

Keywords
Mechanical design; natural gas; balun field; pressure vessel, piping

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8mec2rkxUtA9

Corresponding Author
Theofany Harley Chriswardana

Institutions
*aditiya.harjon[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id

(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia

(2) Department of Applied Physics, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia

Abstract
Through centuries the side effect of the massively growing of population is the energy demand and consumption. As a result of this, the world energy used from the non-renewable fossil fuel has reached 80%. To counter this, researchers have found alternatives for this fossil fuel; and bioethanol is one of the alternative and sustainable options. One source of bioethanol that is believed carrying high production potential is photosynthetic algae or green algae. In this study, Chlorophyta (Green Algae) was hydrolyzed using microwave irradiation. Operation Mode (OM) was varied to observe its effect during the hydrolysis stage. Further, hydrolysis time (t) was also selected as the variable in this study to examine the result of reducing sugar. From the result of this experiment, it is projected that the sugar produced from hydrolysis assisted by microwave irradiation would bring a high-quality bioethanol production. Also, from this study, it would exhibit the great potential of bioethanol from green algae as the fossil fuel substitute in order to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.

Keywords
Biofuel; Renewable energy: Bioethanol

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YKJCMd6GRwqr