Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Yusuf

Institutions
1Postgraduate Program, Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University Makassar
2Departement of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University Makassar
Email: muhammad.yusuf.c.spt[at]gmail.com

Abstract
BSF larvae meal contains protein which is very high so that it can be used as a protein source to replace fish meal. This study aims to determine how much the use of BSF larvae Meal in substituting fish meal for consumption, weight gain and feed conversion in quail. This study used 200 7-day-old female quails that were kept for 6 weeks 42 days with an average initial weight of ± 23 grams. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Using experimental ration: P0 Ration without addition of BSF larvae meal; P1 = BSF larvae meal 3.183% (6.67% crude protein of fish meal); P2 = BSF Larvae meal 6.370% (3.34% crude protein of fish meal); P3 = BSF Larvae meal 9.565% (0% crude protein of fish meal). The parameters measured were the amount of consumption, weight gain, quail carried out every week during the study and feed conversion rate as an indicator of the efficiency of ration use. The results showed that ration consumption and weight gain and feed conversion did not significant affect (P> 0.05) meaning that the substitution of fish meal with BSF to P3 larvae meal could be carried out without negatively affecting the performance of quails.

Keywords
Keywords: Black Soldier Fly. larvae, Appearance, Quail.

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fvfu6wcLR3QT

Corresponding Author
suparman suparman

Institutions
1Postgraduate Program of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University Makassar
2Departement of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University Makassar
3Departement of Animal Food and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University Makassar
Email: fxsuparman69[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Abstract: This study aims to identify the effect of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal addition to the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) egg production and physical quality. The material used in this study was a 6-week-old female quail totaling 120 birds kept for 7 weeks.This study employed experimental method and Completely Randomizd Design (CRD). The addition of BSFL meal consisted of 4 different treatments with 5 replications of each treatment, namely P0: Ration without addition BSFL meal; P1: 3.18% BSFL meal (6.67% fish meal crude protein); P2: 6.37% BSFL meal (3.34% fish meal crude protein); P3: 9.56% BSFL meal (0% fish meal crude protein). The observed variables were egg production and physical quality of quail eggs. The results of the study indicated that BSFL meal addition in quail did not significantly affect (P <0.05) on egg weight, haugh unit, egg yolk index and egg yolk color. Conversely, the addition of BSFL meal significantly affected (P <0.05) on egg production and egg shell thickness. The egg production of treatment eggs P0 and P1 was significantly (P <0.05) higher than P2 and P3. Egg production of P0 and P1 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than P2 and P3. The eggshell thickness of P0, P1 and P2 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than P3. The addition of BSFL meal at the concentration of 9.56% subtituting 100% fish meal in quail feed did not affect negatively the egg weight, haugh unit, yolk index and yolk color.

Keywords
Black Soldier Fly, Egg quality, Quail, Egg production.

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JEk9tKFBZRra

Corresponding Author
Dwi Suprapto

Institutions
Departement of Animal and Feed Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar, Indonesian

Email: sripurwanti[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
The price of expensive protein feeds and the prohibition of using antibiotics make nutritionists look for solutions to their solutions. Indigofera zollingeriana powder (IzP) which has a high protein content and turmeric powder (TP) as a phytobiotic to alternative antibiotics has the potential to be used in feed. This study aims to look at the performance of eggs with the use of IzP which substitutes soybean meal added TP as an alternative to antibiotics into quail feed. This study used 80 quails ready to lay eggs. Study design with 4 treatments and 5 replications with each unit consisting of 4 quails. P0 ration treatment (without IzP + TP); P1 (10% IzP + 2.5% TP); P2 (15% IzP + 2.5% TP) and P3 (20% IzP + 2.5% TP). Variables observed were egg production, egg weight, yolk color and quail eggshell thickness. The results showed that administration of Indigofera zollingeriana shoots and turmeric powder had an influence on the performance of daily egg production and eggshell thickness containing 10% Indigofera zollingeriana shoots and 2.5% turmeric powder, but were not significantly different from egg weight and egg yolk color. The conclusion that with the addition of 10% IzP added 2.5% TP can improve egg production performance.

Keywords
Quail, Indigofera zollingeriana, turmericr, egg production, performance

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fmK46VaJcnUr

Corresponding Author
Sri Purwanti

Institutions


1. Student of Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
3. Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Semen is subject to experience a decrease in the quality including motility of the sperms. Decreasing the quality of semen begins during collecting process and continues at the processing stage. Low quality of semen will have an impact on the low fertilization rate, so that efforts are needed to maintain the quality of semen. This is thought to be caused by oxidative reactions that are triggered by free radical activity. Some active ingredients in the Arabian jujube leaf are thought to function as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of Arabian jujube leaf extracts (Ziziphus spina Christy) on sperms motility in an effort to maintain the quality of Bali bull fresh semen. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Semen Processing Unit, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The Arabian jujube leaf extracts was added in the extender at three different treatments; P1 (1%), P2 (3%), P3 (5%) and P0 (control). The results of this study showed that there were different motility of the sperms after supplementing the extender with Arabian jujube leaf extracts. The sperms motility of Bali bull semen at concentration of 5% during five days equilibration at 5ºC had higher than 3%, 1%, and control, respectively (50.0 vs. 48.7, 43.8, and 46.3%). It can be concluded that supplementation of Arabian jujube leaf extract in the extender material could maintain the quality of Bali bull semen.

Keywords
Arabian jujube leaf, Extender, Semen, Bali bull

Topic
Animal reproduction

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Za4EjzMYWHyb

Corresponding Author
Najamuddin Najamuddin

Institutions
1) Fisheries Department, Hasanuddin University
2) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Indonesian Muslim University

Abstract
Flying fish is an important economic fish in Makassar Strait that become fishermen target, especially their roes, their populations were indicating high exploitation pressures. Gill nets were the dominant fishing gear with the net mesh size were varying depending on the season. The aim of the study was to compare the capture capability of gill nets with 3 different mesh sizes. The study used a field experimental approach to obtain gill nets selectivity on flying fish catch. Variables observed include different net mesh size, number, weight and fork length of flying fish catches. Data were analyzed using variance test to compare between treatments. The fish catch data shows that the highest fish catches was 1.25 inches, and the rest 1 and 1.5 inches. The results of the statistical test show that the number of catch fish is highly significant different (P<0.05) on the mesh size of 1 inch, 1.25 inches and 1.5 inches. There were an indication that flying fishes getting smaller, which is indicated by most of fish catches pass the length at the first maturity size. Gill net of 1.25 inch mesh size should be used to maintained the sustainability of flying fish population.

Keywords
flying fish, gill net, Makassar strait, sustainability

Topic
Socio-economic of animal science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vp2gByR4u6hc

Corresponding Author
Bambang Ngaji Utomo

Institutions
1)Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner,
2)Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Abstract
The sustainable cattle farming approach is integrated with plants and the most potential is the oil palm plantation industry, because the potential of feed resources is cheap and abundant available. The research activities carried out in the Farmer Group in Lamandau district after 3 years of introduction of oil palm-cattle integration (ISaPi) through the introduction of technology for making organic fertilizer and complete feed based on the oil palm plantation industry. The information was obtained from primary data through interviews with farmer groups and key informants from the Agriculture Service and PBS of Oil palm during the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and secondary data was obtained from study desks. Field survey was also conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively and SWOT. Lamandau Regency is ideal for developing ISaPi activities, because of the potential feed resources from the oil palm plantation industry, in the form of oil palm fronds, solid palm oil and palm kernel meal (BIS). Oil palm plantations in Lamandau District with an area of 175,480.46 ha if only 25% of ISaPi activities have the potential to develop livestock around 73,977 animals throughout the year, due to the supply of solid palm oil from 1 PKS, forage in the oil palm area and oil palm fronds. There are 10 farmer of groups and One individual that consistently applies ISaPi activities with various models of application adjusted to the availability of human resources, access to palm oil mills (PKS) and capital from each farmer group. The difference in the application of ISaPi is in the formulation of animal feed (solid palm only or complete feed) and the allotment of organic fertilizer that was produces. Increased productivity and income from the farming is a major factor in ISaPis activities keep it running. The strategy for developing of ISaPi activities in Lamandau District by taking into account existing of internal and external factors is to maximize the utilization of the potential of existing resources to increase farm productivity (palm, livestock and horticulture) and diversify farm income by applying technology that is already available and controlled by groups of farmer. With the application of technology, it will be able to increase the added value of products which it was produced. The limiting factors such as access to PKS, product marketing and capital were need support and commitment from related parties, especially the local government and this has been initiated by the local government.

Keywords
Integration, Palm Oil, Cattle, Farmer Group, Lamandau District

Topic
Animal production Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HYBcgjf2nheK

Corresponding Author
Sudirman Baco

Institutions
1Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245 South Sulawesi, Indonesia

*e-mail address: sudirmanbaco[at]gmail.com; sudirmanbaco[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
Abstract. Bali cows are native livestock in Indonesia which are widely farmed by farmers in eastern Indonesia, due to their high level of adaptation to the environment, but with traditional management, performance is very low. Therefore it is necessary to improve management through improved feed. A study was conducted to determine body condition and reproductive performance of Bali cattle in the breeding period with an intensive management system. A total of 15 dams of Bali cattle reared in a group pen with one head bull. The breeding system, which was implemented in a natural mating system, where the male bull was released together in one pen continuously. Concentrate feed was given 1.5 % of body weight of livestock and forage/grass ad-libitum. Parameters were observed included body condition score (BCS), the first postpartum estrus, pregnancy rate and service per conception (S/C). The results showed that the improvement of feeding the management in the breeding period after calving: 1) improving the body condition of the dams from 5.40.8 to 6.31.0 during the first 3 months with an intensive maintenance system and 6.70.8 during the first 6 months of maintenance. 2) The first estrus post parturition was 64.531.5 days. 3) Gestation/ pregnancy rate for 3 months in the improved feeding on the intensive rearing was 53.8% with S/C 2.20.5 and 100% pregnancy rates with S/C 2.50.8 during the first 6-months in the improved feeding on the maintained intensive system.

Keywords
Keywords: Body condition score (BSC), Post Partum Estrus (PPE), Service per Conception (S/C), Bali Cattle, Intensive Management System (IMS).

Topic
Breeding and livestock production

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/U9FPuxXamCKy

Corresponding Author
Hajrawati Hajrawati

Institutions
Departement of Animal Product and Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
Departement of Animal Production and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
Departement of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia

Abstract
Cemba (Albizia lebbeckoides [DC.] Benth leaf extract contains phytochemical components namely: phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins that potent to be an antibacterial agent. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial capability of cemba leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus contaminating animal products frequently. A 40 g of cemba leaves were extracted with 400 mL of water (1:10) for 24 hours. One mL of each prepared concentration of CLE (100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, and 140 mg mL-1) was cultured together with 1 mL S. aureus concentration of 106 CFU mL-1 in MHB media, then incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Furthermore, each bacterial suspension contained in the MHB was grown on MHA media and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The number of bacteria colonies growing was calculated for determining MIC and MBC. The time-kill test used CLE with a concentration of 1 MIC and 2 MIC. Besides, SEM was also observed to know the changes in the morphology of S. aureus cells after tested contact with 1 MIC CLE. The results showed that CLE was able to inhibit and kill S. aureus bacteria with MIC values of 120 mg mL-1 and MBC of 125 mg mL-1. Time-kill test results showed CLE concentrations of 120 mg mL-1 (1 MIC) and 240 mg mL-1 (2 MIC) were able to kill S. aureus bacteria with a contact length of 4─8 hours. The results of SEM observations indicated that CLE was able to kill S. aureus by damaging bacterial cell walls.

Keywords
cemba leaf extract, Staphylococcus aureus, phytochemical

Topic
Animal production Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3zUwDrBXJNFH

Corresponding Author
Asmuddin Natsir

Institutions
Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract
The use of such agricultural by product as corn cobs is important in fulfilling the needs of feed for ruminant, especially during the dry season. However, the main problem of using corn cobs as a feedstuff is low digestibility due to the existence of the links between lignin and cellulose or hemicellulose. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of biodecomposer (BS) application on the changes of chemical components of corn cobs. BS was developed from the rumen bacterial of buffalo raised under typical feeding conditions. The effectiveness of BS application was assessed by fermenting corn cobs for 4 weeks. The experiment was run according to completely randomized design consisted of eight treatments and three replications giving total number of the experimental units of 24. The treatments were T0 = 100 g course ground of corn cobs without BS, T1 = 100 g course ground of corn cobs + 2.5% BS, T2 = 100 g course ground of corn cobs + 5.0 % BS, T3= 100 g course ground of corn cobs + 7.5% BS, T4= 100 g course ground of corn cobs + 10% BS, T5 =100 g course ground of corn cobs + 12.5% BS, T6= 100 g course ground of corn cobs + 15% BS, and T7= 100 g corn cobs + 0.6% Starbio (commercial biodecomposer). Increasing level of biodecomposer is expected to have a significant effects on the chemical composition in the corn cobs.

Keywords
biodecomposer, chemical composition, corn cobs, local buffalo, rumen microbial

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/etgmFzkQ4JCd

Corresponding Author
H. Hikmah

Institutions
1Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
2Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
3Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
The response of livestock to feed quality can be illustrated by changes in digestive organs and physiological regulatory organs of livestock. This study aimed to determine the response of digestive and physiological regulatory organs by the use of cocoa bean shell (CBS) as feed. The study used 12 male Bali cattle aged 1.5 years and weighed 159.25 ± 15.68 kg. The study was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the treatment consisted of 4 levels of CBS supplementation including: A = 0%; B = 3%; C = 6%; D = 9% for 16 weeks. The results showed that the percentage of lymphatic, liver and kidney weights increased (P <0.05) according to the level of CBS. The effect of CBS feeding on the percentage of lymphatic weight occurred at level 9%, significantly higher (P <0.05) compared to the level of 3%, 6% and without cocoa shell. The liver and kidney percentages were higher (P <0.05) at levels 6% and 9% compared to 0% and 3%. There is no effect of supplementation on the digestive tract, lungs and heart. The study concluded that feed supplementation with CBS at 6% and 9% levels had an impact on physiological regulatory organs of Bali cattle.

Keywords
Bali cattle, Cocoa bean shell (CBS) fed, digestive and phyisological regulatory organs

Topic
Animal production Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LnKYWuCV29De

Corresponding Author
Muslimin Sepe

Institutions
a) Program of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
*musliminsepe[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.

Abstract
The rats were parasitized by ectoparasitic arthropods which have a close relationship with rats as their specific host. In the rats body found various types of ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas, and ticks at the same time and is known as polyparasit. This research aims at obtaining data about the diversity of ectoparasites on different types of rats and their habitat. The rats caught in the house habitat, forest, field, and sewer. The caught rats were put into a cloth bag, labeled, then taken to laboratory to be identified by using key rodent identification. Then, the researcher did the collection and identification. The results showed that There were 87 rats caught from all the habitats. The four rat species trapped from four habitats were Rattus rattus diardii, R. tiomanicus, R. argentiventer, and R. norvegicus. The total number of 2548 ectoparasites were collected from the rats of Hoplopluera pacifica, Polyplax spinulosa, Xenopsylla cheopis, Laelaps nuttalli Hirst and L. echidninus. Diversity index of ectoparasites on the bodies of R. tanezumi was predominant (0,525). Statistical analysis with t-tests (α = 5%) of all index diversity between male and female rodents infested with ectoparasites was not significantly different.

Keywords
Arthropoda; Ectoparasites; Diversity; Rat.

Topic
Animal welfare and health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zqtGaB7NxYvH

Corresponding Author
Sri Purwanti

Institutions
Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Production Ciawi-Bogor Po.Box.221 Bogor

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the economic value of beef cattle through IB with the elite bulls and natural mating in farmers. The study was conducted in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province in 2017, in 2 Sub-districts (Bajeng and Pallangga) and 9 Villages (Pabantengan, Pallangga, Maceni Baji, Ramba, Todotoa, Bajeng City, Marekaya and Paraikatte). The study used a field survey method, by recording data on the development of beef cattle. Mating activity is carried out with IB and natural mating using bulls and semen from Brahman, Onggole, Angus and Bali. All of the female were Bali dams and Bali heifers which ready to mate as many as 119 animals, where 90 dams would be bred through IB (artificial insemination), and others 29 dams and heifers through natural mating in each farmer. Primary and secondary data are analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, quantitatively, and economically. The results showed the net profit of farmers who joined IB amounting to IDR.266,712,000/year, net profits of farmers amounting to IDR.3,292,740/farmer, R/C 1.80. Net profits for farmers participating in natural mating are IDR. 32,027,000/year, the farmers net profit of IDR. 1,104,379/farmer, R/C 1.27. The income of farmers from IB calf is higher than the income derived from calves from natural mating. The price of female and male calf is influenced by sire breeds, body weight and calf performance. The beef Bali cattle business, which is breeding through IB and nature mating, is economically feasible to be re-cultivated.

Keywords
economic value, beef cattle, IB, natural mating

Topic
Breeding and livestock production

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hXVzE7kWYw2n

Corresponding Author
Andi Fausiah

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
The aim of this study was to know the incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows and to know the effectiveness of Heatsynch protocol on dairy repeat breeding cows. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage, all dairy cows were recorded and clinically examined through palpation per rectum and for their reproductive statuses. Parameter measured in the study was the incidence of repeat breeding. The second stage of the study was that the repeat breeder cows subjected to Heatsynch protocol for estrus induction. The protocol was GnRH injection on day-0, followed by PGF2α, estradiol injections on day-7 and day-8, respectively, and inseminated artificially on day-9. The results of the study indicated that the incidence of repeat breeding was 41.6%. The Heatsynch protocol was successfully increase the number of pregnant repeat breeder cows; 75%, higher compared to untreated repeat breeder cows; 20%. It can be concluded that high incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows. Heatsynch protocol can be used to treat repeat breeder cows and improve the reproductive efficiency.

Keywords
Repeat breeding, Heatsynch, Dairy cows, Reproductive efficiency

Topic
Animal reproduction

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/c3F8MjRTgBQN

Corresponding Author
Sutomo Syawal

Institutions
a) Agricultural Doctoral Program, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.
*sutomo.syawal[at]yahoo.co.id
b) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hasanuddin University Makassar

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of katuk and gamal supplementation dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and dairy milk quality of Holstein friesian. This study was conducted at the Dairy Farm in Enrekang Regency. The study was arranged by completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The supplementation contained forages (60%); concentrate (25% for each treatment); gamal leaves (15%) and katuk leaves (135 g, 155 g, 175 g) supplemented to 16 dairy cattle units with body weight of 350-400 kg. Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) and Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Supplementation shows significantly influence on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter as well as milk quality. The P2 treatment shows best quality and can improve digestibility and better milk quality.

Keywords
Katuk leaves, gamal leaves, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, dairy milk quality

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jfV8Xvu4BDbW

Corresponding Author
Effendi Abustam

Institutions
1,2,3,4 Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10 Makassar 90245

Abstract
Abstract. This study aimed to improve the quality of Bali beef cattle through the application of liquid smoke technology as an antioxidant in the feed supplement fattening livestock groups in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency. The limitation of feed for a particular season in the maintenance of Bali cattle is the main problem to improve livestock performance, especially the quality of meat. Feeding in the form of Urea Coconut Water Liquid Smoke Multi-Nutrient Block (UCSMB) has been carried out in Bali cattle for 45 days of fattening. The study used 12 male Bali cattle aged 2-3 years through a completely randomized factorial 3 x 3 pattern where the first factor was the concentration of liquid smoke; 0, 10 and 20%, while the second factor is the length of maturation; 0, 7 and 14 days. Muscle Longissimus dorsi dissection after slaughter and was then observed the quality of meat regarding pH, shear force value, and organoleptic assessment, i.e. meat tenderness and juiciness. The results of the research showed that the quality of Bali beef increased with increasing concentration of liquid smoke in feed block and maturation times.

Keywords
Bali cattle, fermented straw, liquid smoke, meat quality, UCSMB

Topic
Animal production Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JKHbVPR37mCT

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Fadhlirrahman Latief

Institutions
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesian Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the level of phosphorus fertilizer on the growth and dry matter production Stylosanthes guianensis. This research aim know the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on growth and dry matter production of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis). This research is based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replicates in order to obtain 16 experimental units. The treatments of this research are P0 (Control) P1 (0.75 g. TSP / polybag), P2 (1.5 g. TSP / polybag), P3 (2.25 g. TSP / polybag). The Parameters are plant height, number of leaf branches, number of branches plant, dry matter production, and the number of nodules. The results showed that the treatments has not significantly affected (P> 0.05) plant height, number of stems, number of branches, and dry matter production, but it has very significant effect (P <0.01) on the number of nodules. However, P3 Treatment is better to use than the other treatments.

Keywords
dry matter, fertilizer, nodule, phosphorus

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MfNAJCYaQRvw

Corresponding Author
Mien Theodora R Lapian

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado – Indonesia

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of providing super ovulation induction and feed protein levels before mating on sow reproductive performances. Eighteen gilts, weighted 100-107 kg were used in this research. There were two types of hormones used as super ovulation agents in this study, namely PMSG (Follig on, Intervet, North Holland) and hCG (Chorulon, Intervet, North Holland). Meanwhile, prostaglandins (Prosolvin, Intervet, North Holland) was used for estrus simultaneous. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial model of 2 x 3, where as the first treatment factor was the super ovulation hormone PMSG + hCG with two levels, namely zero injection of hormones (as a control) and hormone injections; and the second treatment factor was the level of feed protein with three levels of administration, namely: 14%, 16% and 18% level of feed protein, respectively. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 (three) times. The variables observed were the gestation period of sow, the weight of sow at the end of pregnancy, and the birth litter size. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect on the gestation period of sows and its body weight at the end of gestation, but there was no significant difference in the litter size of birth. It is concluded, the reproductive performance of sows through super ovulation and feed protein level before mating, were able to shorten the length of gestation, improve the body weight of pregnant sows and litter size born.

Keywords
Super ovulation, feed protein level, sow

Topic
Animal reproduction

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/D2Awfmch7dpk

Corresponding Author
Ilham Rasyid

Institutions
a) Doctoral Program, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
*hilhamrasyid[at]yahoo.com
b) Animal Husbandry Faculty, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
c) Agribusiness Department of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univesity, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
The aims to to identify the scheme of farmer productive factor that may give impact on the supply chain sustainability as the upstream feed stuff producer to satisfy the feed stuff demand of broiler feed industry. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic method. This study is categorized as descriptive quantitative study. The result of the study showed that one effective productive factor from the farmer respondents was corn farming experience. On the other hand, other productive factors including land area, corn sheller and dryer facilities and agricultural capital were not prominent. Therefore, in order to sustain corn supply chain from the farmer or upstream supply chain, the primary factors that should be fulfilled included the agricultural capital, land area and corn sheller and dryer. The productive factors of agricultural capital , land area, and corn sheller and dryer,as well as the knowledge in farming were very determining in sustaining the corn supply chain sustainability to fulfill the demand of either final consumer or broiler feed industry.

Keywords
Broiler, farmer, productive factor, corn, supply chain

Topic
Socio-economic of animal science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KEyMwvgFNPGq

Corresponding Author
Andi Fausiah

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs, and to determine the effectiveness of Heatsynch method in dairy cows that suffered from abnormalities of reproductive organs. This study was conducted in smallholder dairy farms in Panette, Cendana Sub-district, Enrekang Regency and the study was conducted in two stages. The first stage; a total of 77 dairy cows were used to determine the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities. The second stage; a total of 20 dairy cows that suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities were divided into two groups. The first 10 dairy cows were treated with Heatsynch, and the other 10 dairy cows were used as a negative control (without Heatsynch treatment). For positive control, 10 dairy cows that did not suffered from abnormalities of reproduction organs were used. The results of this study showed that the incidence of reproductive organs abnormalities was 36.4% and the highest of abnormalities was uterine disorders at 26%. The percentage of cows suffered from reproductive organs abnormalities that became pregnant after treated with Heatsynch was 60%, while none cows become pregnant without treatment. The average interval from calving to pregnancy in Heatsynch group was 512 days, and in control negative cows, none become pregnant up to 557 days after calving. It can be concluded that the incidence of abnormalities of reproductive organs in dairy cattle was still high. The Heatsynch method can improve the abnormalities of the reproductive organs in the dairy cows and improve reproductive efficiency by increase the pregnancy rate and shortening calving interval.

Keywords
Abnormalities of reproductive organs, dairy cows, heatsynch, pregnancy rate

Topic
Animal reproduction

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/N9veFpWZrRcL

Corresponding Author
ST Rohani Rohani

Institutions
1)Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Street Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
2)Center for Research and Development of Democracy, Conflict, Culture and Humanities
Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) Hasanuddin University.
*E-mail: strohani[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
One form of support for developing a beef cattle business in Bone Regency is a partnership system (Teseng). This Teseng system is a partnership system by providing capital in the form of beef cattle to be maintained and developed by farmers who have competence in the management of beef cattle business. This study aims to determine the competency of farmers who carry out the Teseng system in beef cattle business. The research sample of 150 farmers was done in a simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the competency of farmers knowledge in the management of beef cattle business which included the selection of seeds, housing, feeding, health management, reproductive systems, and marketing of livestock carrying out the Teseng system in beef cattle business in Bone Regency is in the good category. And the managerial competence of farmers in the management of beef cattle business which includes competency in planning and evaluating livestock business is in the good category.

Keywords
Competence, farmer, system Teseng, management of beef cattle business

Topic
Socio-economic of animal science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2gUFJxXdMeAW

Corresponding Author
Ismartoyo Ismartoyo

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
The research was conducted to measure the level of farmer-s household food security in Moncongloe Bulu village, Maros South Sulawesi. The research was mainly focused on the food supply, food accessibility, food utilization, and the food consumption in connection with the national standard of food consumption recommended by government of Indonesia. Survey method was used to collect primary data as well as secondary data based on questioner to interview 30 household in the village. Descriptively analysis was employed to obtain a scientific conclusion of the research. The result of this research suggested that the level of food security of household in the Moncongloe Bulu village was very high (32%). The average food consumption of energy (2.485 kcal/capita/d) and total protein (84.5 g/capita/d) of household in Moncongloe Bulu villages were higher than that of national standard recommended by government of Indonesia. It was also found that the food security was closely correlated with food consumption, purchasing ability which influenced by household income, job availability, level of education of father as well as mother in each of household. To get extra job available during their spare time was the way of the farmers to increase their income and to improve their accessibility to food and to finally improve their quality of life. In conclusion, the level of food security of household in Moncongloe Bulu village were very high. The level of food security determined the level of food consumption which is affected by household income, availability of job, and the level of education. It is suggested that the cause of food insecurity is not only determined by the degree of food supply itself, but it may also be caused by the lack of a good governance implementation, food distribution, and the effort in empowering the farmers.

Keywords
Food Security, Food Consumption, Household, Rural Area

Topic
Socio-economic of animal science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xVrFWM9X68nL

Corresponding Author
Cece Sumantri

Institutions
1Division of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Production and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bandung Raya, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Native and local chickens play an important role in the development of the local chicken industry in rural communities. Local chicken industry significantly contributes to the income value of national agricultural development as well as become an important foundation in building food self-sufficient. Indonesia has a wealth of genetic resources of native and local chicken with abundant genetic diversity, but has not been managed and utilized properly. In Indonesia, local chicken agribusiness is less developed due to lack of genetic improvement and has a direct impact with the very low contribution of meat and eggs. Indonesia has a variety of genetic sources for native and local chickens spread throughout the region. Native and local chickens have a significant contribution to the rural economy, however its production is still limited. Despite its low productivity, native chicken production is very important for rural communities. However, they face challenges how to increase the productivity of their population, which can benefit them financially and increase food security and reach market potential. This native chicken has the characteristics of slow growth and varied egg production. The development of the potential of native chicken and related issues of food security and food independence, local chicken is suitable for this. Information on the performance and productivity of local chickens is needed for local chicken development. Potential local chickens such as pelung chickens are known as singer chickens with a large body frame. Sentul chickens are another potential local chicken, known as meat-producing chickens with good egg production. Through breeding programs (selection and crossing), increasing the productivity of meat and eggs of native chicken can be done effectively. In addition, improving the quality of local chickens can be improved through conventional feeding management. The availability of selected local chicken in accordance to market demand is still limited. To overcome the lack of selected local chicken, the Faculty of Animal Science, IPB has been developing superior local chicken breed since 2012-2018 namely IPB-D1. The up-to-date Next Generation Sequencing technology through RNA Sequencing can identify candidate genes and potential SNPs quickly, thoroughly and comprehensively, as biomarkers for increasing both productivity (egg production, growth rate, and resistant to diseases) and meat quality (tenderness, flavor, meat fiber and fatty acid composition). During the last 6 years (2012-2018), several studies have been conducted on genes related to various trais: (1) disease resistance: toll receptor-4 (TLR4), mycovirus-1 (Mx-1), natural resistance associated macrophage-1 (NRAMP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor β (TGF β) genes; (2) meat production: growth hormonr receptor (GH-r), growth hormone secretogauge receptor (GHSR) genes; (3) meat quality: calpastatine (CAST), calpain (CLP)

Keywords
Native and local chicken, Genetic improvement, poultry chicken industry

Topic
Breeding and livestock production

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qh6dwGTrHWYP

Corresponding Author
Syamsuddin Hasan

Institutions
Animal Husbandry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, 90245, Indonesia
*syam_hasan[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Corn crop is categorized as C4 plant that may be used as alternative feed substitution of forage grass with high nutritional content. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of NPK fertilizer addition to the growth and increasing biomass production of corn crop in dry land. This study was performed from March to May 2019 (by the end of rainy season) in Tanete Riaja, Barru. This study employed Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments namely, A1: No Fertilizer Addition, A2=100 kg ha-1, A3=200 kg ha-1, A4=300 kg ha-1 and 3 replications. The corn crops used in this study was corn hybrid (Bisi-18) that were harvested at the age of 2 months. The result of this study showed that the use of NPK fertilizer improve the growth and productivity of corn crop, particularly the biomass production and nutritional quality. The highest increase of production and growth occured in A3.

Keywords
Dry land, Corn Crop, NPK fertilizer

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bkpg4AZfVEGt

Corresponding Author
Sitti Rahmah S.Pt

Institutions
1Postgraduate Program, Animal Scince and Technology Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University
2Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University

Abstract
THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT OF KASUMBA TURATE (Carthamus tinctorius Linn) ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE Sitti Rahmah1, Sri Purwanti2, and Wempie Pakiding2 1Postgraduate Program, Animal Scince and Technology Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University 2Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University ABSTRACT Improved performance of broilers can be achieved by adding kasumba turate extract in drinking water. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effect of adding kasumba turate extract in broiler drinking water with different levels. This research was carried out for 5 weeks using 5 treatments and 4 replications so that it requires 20 plots. The treatment consisted of R0: Drinking water without kasumba turtate extract; R1: Vit C 0.1 ml / 1 L of drinking water; R2: 1.25 ml of Kasumba turate extract / 1 L of drinking water; R3: 1.50 ml Kasumba Turate Extract / 1 L of drinking water; R4: 1.75 ml of Kasumba turate extract / 1 L of drinking water. The results showed that the treatment had no effect (P> 0.05) on the amount of feed consumption, drinking water consumption, body weight gain and broiler carcasses. The treatments R0, R1, R2 showed a tendency to increase in drinking water consumption, feed and carcass consumption, while treatments R3, R4 showed an increase in body weight gain in broilers. The conclusion from the study found that the administration of kasumba turate extract can be used as an antioxidant for broilers to the highest level of 1.75 ml, but does not affect the performance of broiler chickens. Keywords: kasumba turate, feed consumption, drinking water consumption, carcass, body weight gain

Keywords
kasumba turate, feed consumption, drinking water consumption, carcass, body weight gain

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TA8YneZgdbXL

Corresponding Author
MUH. DANAWIR ALWI

Institutions
1. Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
2. Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
3. Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a disease that caused by genus virus of Avian Paramyxovirus and it affects various types of poultry. Vaccination as a prevention attempt toward ND virus requires active and inactive vaccines. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of ND active La sota strainand B1 strain vaccinations toward antibody titer of broiler. This research applies 54 samples of day old chicken (DOC) divided into three treatment categories. Vaccine administration is given for three-days-old samples by eye drops and blood sample from 7, 14, and 21-days-old samples obtained through vena brachialis. The result of Hemagglutination Inhibition test analyzed using Analysis of Varience (ANOVA) one way method and continued by Least Significant Different (LSD) test if the calculated probability is (p< 0,05) while the data of immune presentation descriptively asserted in quantitative. The outcome of this research shows the vaccine administration for three-days-old sample grants an protection of immune until 21-days-old by vaccine administration of ND active La Sota strain and 14-days-old with vaccine administration of ND active B1 strain. The vaccine administration of ND active La Sota has no significant effect with the vaccine administration of ND active B1 to antibody titer in broiler chickens.

Keywords
Broiler, Newcastle disease (ND), La Sota strain vaccine, B1 strain vaccine, Hemaglutination (HA) test, Hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test

Topic
Animal welfare and health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Pukm6ApRwj3J

Corresponding Author
Hikmawaty Hikmawaty

Institutions
1 Faculty of Animal Husbndry and Fisheries, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Baharuddin Lopa, SH, MH Talumung Majene 91413, Indonesia
2 Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
3 Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km.10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
Bali cattle is one important native cattle breeds of Indonesia which are contributing to the development of livestock and devote meat production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic profiles using of mtDNA D-loop method in Breeding centers Bali cattle which consist BPTU Pulukan (Bali), BPTHMT Serading (West Nusa Tenggara) and VBC Barru district (South Sulawesi). The complete D-loop sequences, 1145bp in length, 48 individual sample from three breeding centers (24 males and 24 females) were analyzed. mtDNA D-loop amplification were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The Molecular data of the D-loop mtDNA sequences were aligned and analyzed with reference (Bos indicus and Bos taurus) from GenBank using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and MEGA version 5.0 software. The analyzedsequences length of the D-loop mtDNA was performed on 410 bp. The result of the mtDNA D-loop showed that there were 84 site varation were 2 site deletion, 8 site insertion and 74 site substitution of mtDNA D-loop Bali cattle. The nucleotide sequences of Bali cattle had a common Bali cattle in BPTU to BPTHMT with genetic distance more closely than the Bali cattle of VBC. It can be concluded that D-loop mtDNA could be used as potential candidate marker to differentiate and grouping in breeding centers of Bali cattle.

Keywords
mtDNA D-loop, diversity, marker, Bali cattle

Topic
Breeding and livestock production

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yNMgGAPqW2Ec

Corresponding Author
Andi Tenri Bau Astuti Mahmud

Institutions
1 Post Graduate Study Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
2 Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Asyariah Mandar University, Polewali Mandar, Indonesia.
3 Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
4 Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae or maggot (Hermetia illicens) is one type of insect that meets the requirements as alternative protein source of feed. The purpose of this research is to obtain high quality feed production. This research will be carried out in the Animal Husbandry Department of Unasman for the rearing and the nutrition analysis will be carried out in the Feed Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, UNHAS. This study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 and 3 replications. The treatments in this study are as follows: A0: 5 days, A1: 10 days, A2: 15 days, A3: 20 days, A4: 25 days. The results obtained are the rearing period that significantly affect the levels of dry matter, crude fat, and crude protein of black soldier fly maggot (Hermetia illucens) and doesn-t have significant effect on crude fibre levels. The rearing period of 25 days (A4) has the highest dry matter content that is 30.47%. Crude fat at 25 days rearing time (A4) is 34.09% significantly higher than A0 (22.09%), A1 (24.82%) and A2 (26.79%). Maggot with a rearing period of 20 days (A3) has the highest crude fibre content of the other treatments that is 10.50% and the lowest is A0 (9.07%) .The A0 (49.91%) treatment is significantly higher than A2, A3, and A4. The longer the rearing period of Hermetia illucens maggot, the level of dry matter, crude fat and crude fibre tends to increase. However, the crude protein decrease, although not significantly.

Keywords
Black solider fly larvae, nutritional value, poultry feed

Topic
Poultry production and nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/G6bYnBjqzxvu

Corresponding Author
Andi Tenri Bau Astuti Mahmud

Institutions
1 Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Asyariah Mandar University, Polewali Mandar, Indonesia
2 Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Politani Pangkajene, Pangkep, Indonesia
3 Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Abstract
The high crowding level of the coop causes chicken body weight gain to be smaller than those with low coop crowding level. This study aims to analyze the coop crowding level to the performance of Kampung-Broiler (KB) cross-breeding chicken. The research was conducted from February to June 2019, in the Field Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Department at Agriculture Faculty, Asyariah Polewali Mandar University. Using Randomized Block Design (RBD) in the treatment of KB cross-breeding coop crowding level with 3 groups and each group contained 8, 10, and 12 KB chickens. Each treatment will be repeated 3 times each. Reared in a 1x1 m2 chicken coop. The results showed that the crowding of the coop had a significant effect (P <0.05) on feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion. Feed consumption was significantly lower in the P0 treatment that was 974.53 g/chicken and the highest was P2 (1379.29 g/chicken). The highest weight gain was in P0 with 1334.77 g/chicken and the lowest was in P2 with 1237.54 g/chicken. The lowest conversion value was at P0 with 0.73 and the highest was at P1 (1.11 g/chicken). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the best treatment is P0 characterized by low consumption, high body weight gain and low conversion.

Keywords
broiler kampung chicken, crowding, performance

Topic
Poultry production and nutrition

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XERLf4DPwgCq

Corresponding Author
A. Djamaluddin Ramli

Institutions
High School of Social and Political Science Departemen of Sinjai Regency, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture

Abstract
THE POLICY OF TANETE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT TO CREATE CONDUCIVE LAYING CHICKEN FARM BUSINESS CLIMATE A. Djamaluddin1), Asriadi AR2), Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi3) 1,2)High School of Social and Political Science Departemen of Sinjai Regency 3)Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture a.jamaluddin60@gmail.com ABSTRACT The effortmade by the government and all stakeholders in the field of farming is farmer empowerment individually, collectively and with synergy by providing various facilities so that the farmers can produce quality and competitive products, which in the end will lead to welfare for the farmers and their families.Therefore, a study was performed on the policy of TaneteVillage government to create conducive laying chickenfarm business climate. The present study was performed in TaneteVillage, Sub-district, SidenrangRappang Regency, SouthSulawesi, Indonesia on July-September 2019. The research method was qualitative method without phenomenological type. The collected data was primary data and secondary data and the methods were observation, document review, and interview.The informants were determined by purposive technique. Then, data analysis was performed by data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The research on the policy of tanete village government to create conducive laying chicken farm business climate concludes that: (1) business certainty by providing equal opportunities for everyone who wants to start layingchicken farm; (2) ease in farming business registration service since as of today, there is no application for laying chicken farm business license turned down by the village government; (3) no unhealthy business competition due to poultry association which supports harmony among the businesses, thus creating conducive and uniform egg price; (4) good health status of the animals due to cooperation between the farmers and department of farming, as well as the roles of the business partners in managing biosecurity. Keywords: policy, village government, business climate, laying chicken, conducive

Keywords
policy, village government, business climate, laying chicken, conducive

Topic
Extension of agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/guZPK8qnCNa6

Corresponding Author
jamilah jamilah

Institutions
a)Faculty of animal science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245 Indonesia.
*jamilahdoma[at]yahoo.com
b)Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245 Indonesia.

Abstract
Problems that often arise in feed are feed damage, and low shelf life. The quality of feed raw materials and mixing of feed as well as the composition of feed ingredients that are less precise can increase the problem. Citric acid is one of the ingredients that can be added to preserve feed, the use of citric acid for preservation has been widely carried out on food ingredients for humans. The function of citric acid is not only as a natural preservative but also can improve feed quality. Citric acid has indeed been able to increase productivity, but its influence is expected to be even better. Feeds that can be stored for a long time without changing the quality of the feed are highly expected by farmers, so that they can mix the feed when the available feed is sufficient. Mixing large amounts of feed can save energy and production costs and be able to anticipate the availability of highly fluctuating feed ingredients on the market. Citric acid is one of the organic acids which if added to broiler feed is able to be acidifier which is believed to increase livestock productivity. The research aims to improve shelf life and maintain the quality of broiler feed by adding citric acid at various levels. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 5 x 4 factorial patterns with two replications. Addition of citric acid and storage time significantly (P <0.005) on peroxidation numbers, but there was no interaction between the two. Physical tests show the addition of citric acid can reduce rancidity, mold growth and insect attack. It can be concluded that the addition of citric acid is able to maintain the quality of feed with low peroxidation numbers and is able to maintain feed quality.

Keywords
acidifier, citric acid, peroxide number, feed

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4DbW79pKVeEM