Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Sitoresmi Prabanigtyas Prabanigtyas

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2) Students of the Biology Undergraduate Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Bacteria and microalgae in the aquatic environment interact in various ways. Some bacteria have the potential to accelerate microalgae growth. Amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria which living in freshwater environments (lakes) can decompose complex compounds into simpler ones that needed by microalgae. However, there is limited information about amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Grati and Lake Ngebel. This study aims to examine the potential of amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria isolated from Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Grati and Lake Ngebel. The amylolytic test was performed through planted the bacterial isolates from each lake on Amilum agar. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic test was performed using CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) media. Our recent finding from 4 lakes showed that 53 isolates had the potential to hydrolyze starch, and 47 isolates had the potential to hydrolyze cellulose. The ANOVA results showed there were differences significantly (p<0.050) in the hydrolysis ability of amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria isolates. The bacteria with the highest amylum hydrolysis ability were PAS isolates with hydrolysis index 5.89. The bacteria with the highest cellulose hydrolysis ability were PSS isolates with hydrolysis index 6.912. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, PSS isolates were Bacillus paramycoides and PAS isolates were Bacillus subtillis and the two bacterial were isolates from Ranu Pani.

Keywords
amilolytic, cellulolytic, bacteria, lake

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/W4cqbQEZg8XG

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas
Negeri Malang, Indonesia
*Email: yudhi.utomo.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The Research on characterization and test the ability of the adsorbent made from bagasse cellulose (Saccharum Officinarum. L) has been carried out. The research objective was to determine the effect of delignification on the characterization of bagasse adsorbent in terms of moisture content, ash content, functional group identification and surface morphology. This research also studied the adsorption power of bagasse adsorbent before and after delignification. The study consisted of five stages including the preparation of bagasse biomass as an adsorbent, delignification of bagasse adsorbent with NaOH, Characterization of bagasse adsorbent which included moisture content, ash content, functional group identification and identification of the adsorbent surface, adsorption of copper (II) ions using adsorbents bagasse before and after delignification and analysis of copper (II) ion concentrations after adsorption with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that adsorbents bagasse of delignification with NaOH 0.5 M, the water content 8.91 % and ash content 2.47 % had a value below the maximum value of the adsorbent quality requirements according to SNI 06-3730-1995. Identification of the adsorbent surface shows the influence of delignification with NaOH and ultrasonic wave irradiation indicated the presence of cavities on the surface of the bagasse adsorbent. The adsorption power of Cu (II) ions of bagasse pulp adsorbent before delignification was 55.48% and after delignification of 95.17%.

Keywords
adsorption, bagasse, delignification, Cu (II) ions

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UTVpfgWwEQev

Corresponding Author
Athena Dana

Institutions
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an example of electricity generation using sustainable technology. It uses organic substrates as fuels on the anode side to generate electricity as the anode of the organic substance is oxidizes and releasing electrons and protons and allow electrons to be transferred to cathode via external electric circuit. The potential of Alcaligenes sp. strain SUM123 were identified as the inoculum to utilize organic substrate palm oil mill effluent (POME). The MTB were first grown in nutrient broth (NB) and palm oil mill effluent POME to test its ability to grow in these medium. The growth was observed for 10% NB and 90% POME and compared to in 100% NB alone. The ability to reduce the pH, COD and ADMI of the substrate are identified for the 10% NB and 90% POME. The pH reading dropped as the growth of MTB are decreased, while the COD readings increases almost the same trend as the growth and death of the bacteria in 10% NB and 90% POME solution, while ADMI reading were indirectly proportional to the growth of MTB in 10% NB and 90% POME.

Keywords
Palm Oil Mill Effluent; Alcaligenes sp. strain SUM123; chemical oxygen demand; Microbial Fuel Cell; bioelectricity production

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4jk6XJmbnuVf

Corresponding Author
Uswatun Hasanah

Institutions
a) Department of Biology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 6, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
*annahasanah2103[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jl Gajayana 50, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Sago is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia with a planting area of 1.128 million ha. Sago waste, especially sago pulp, has quite a lot of starch so that it can be used as an amylolytic bacteria substrate. Amylase enzyme that produced by bacteria have the potential to be applied in industrial sector, food, medicine, and also be used as an effort to utilize waste. This study aims to obtain amylolytic bacteria isolated from the sago pulp industry in Palopo, South Sulawesi and the ability to produce amylase enzyme. Samples were taken from sago pulp of traditional sago industry in Palopo, South Sulawesi and isolated by using selective media. Pure isolate then screened and observed the ability to produce amylase enzyme. The results were obtained 9 potential isolates with qualitative assay obtained the highest amylolytic index shown by isolates 2B (9.004mm), 2D (7.28mm), and 4A (4.67mm). Quantitative assay obtained the highest amylase enzyme activity test shown by isolate 2B (3.62 U/mL) indicated that isolates from sago pulp had good potential to produce amylase activity.

Keywords
Amylase activity, amylolytic bacteria, sago pulp

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rQJKqTgAZ7et

Corresponding Author
Sheilla Rachmania

Institutions
a) Graduate School of Biotechnology, University of Jember;
*sheilla.dr.fk[at]unej.ac.id
b) Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember;
c) Center for Development of Advance Science and Technology (CDAST), University of Jember,
d) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Abstract
Combatting malaria, as one of the world health burdens requires effective vaccine development, but high polymorphism in one protein vaccine candidate, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), is a major hurdle. One domain in its head structure, Duffy-binding like (DBL) domain, has a binding area to ICAM-1 receptor found in cerebral malaria patient, hence making this domain as a key to develop a malaria vaccine. Identify the epitopes within this protein is pivotal before formulating a peptide-based vaccine development strategy. This study aimed to identify the conserved epitopes by using an immunoinformatic approach. The protein was subjected to hydrophobicity attributes, Th-cell epitopes, and B-cell epitopes by using NN-align algorithm, Bepipred 2.0, and Kolaskar Tangaonkar methods combined with K-means clustering method to identify overlapping epitope. The result showed that the hydrophobicity value was 32.62 indicating that this protein is soluble and potentially fit into HLA alleles active site, but further NN-align algorithm showed no overlapping of Th-cell epitope positions for three Indonesian alleles. Three B-cell conserved epitopes in the position of 77-89, 236-254, and 360-377 amino acids were identified with one cluster overlapping with ICAM-1 determinant binding area. This information is valuable in constructing a subunit peptide-based malaria vaccine candidate.

Keywords
DBL2β, PfEMP1, epitope, immunoinformatic

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JGBtZpPF3hxK

Corresponding Author
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya

Institutions
Universitas Negeri malang (UM)

Abstract
The high level of Fe in the waters of a material that is difficult to be degraded so that it can last a long time and are then deposited in the sediment. The Fe in sludge sediment are commonly contributed by the anthropogenic factors including waste industrial, port and agriculture. Heavy metals in the amount above the threshold can be dangerous to aquatic ecosystems and living beings around them. Tessier microwave method divides the sludge into five fractions, fraction of ion exchange, carbonate bound fraction, fraction reduction, oxidation fraction is the fraction of non-resistant and residue fraction is the fraction resistant. Each faction describes the attachment of metal in the sludge. This study was conducted to determine the concentration of Fe, fractionation and distribution of Fe attachment on each of the fractions and find out the similarities reactions that occur in sludge leaching at Prigi Beach area. The heavy metal content in Prigi Beach sludge is higher in the non-resistant fraction than the resistant and precision fraction obtained is ≤5%.

Keywords
Fe, Tessier microwave, leaching, sludge, sediment

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Mf2AGgUF9LKE

Corresponding Author
Rina Rifqie Mariana

Institutions
Culinary Education Study Programme
Universitas Negeri Malang
Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aimed at analysing the nutritional and fatty acid composition of a bowl of meatball soup sold by 5 bakso Malang restaurants in Malang, Indonesia. The analysis was performed according to the instructions for food and beverage testing outlined in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-2891-1992. The results showed that the average nutritional value of a bowl of meatball soup consists of protein: 52.42-78.97g, fat: 33.16-59.22g, water: 193.57- 285.61 g, ash: 14.76-24.15 g, carbohydrate: 73.84-84.23g, iron: 12.38-19.30 mg, calcium: 262.91-388 mg. Also, the level of unsaturated fatty acids is higher than saturated fatty acids with a ratio of 1.3:1.

Keywords
Nutrition, Fatty Acid, Bakso Malang

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Q7kgnUPx8mMY

Corresponding Author
Rina Rifqie Mariana

Institutions
1 Culinary Education Study Program. Universitas Negeri Malang. Semarang 5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2 Chemistry Departement. Universitas Negeri Malang. Malang, Semarang 5, East Java, Indonesia
3 Culinary Education Study Program. Universitas Negeri Malang. Semarang 5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
4 Chemistry Departement. University Technologi Malaysia. Malaysia
Corresponding Author Email: rina.rifqie.ft[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This research aimed to identify the changes of peroxide value, free fatty acid, and water content from before the frying (0, as the control point), in the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 15th frying from five vendors that sold ‘nasi lalapan- in Malang. This experiment tested the peroxide value using AOAC (Association of Analytical Communities) titration method, the free fatty acid using acidic base titration, and water content using the gravimetric method. The results showed that from five ‘nasi ayam lalapan- vendors: 1) there were increases of peroxide value in each frying frequency, with an average of 1.62 mgO2 in the 0 fryings to 12.78 mgO2 in the 20th frying (max allowed value: 1.00); 2) there were increases of free fatty acid content in each frying frequency, with the average of 0.86%b/b from the 0 frying to 7.88%b/b in the 20th frying (max allowed value 0.30); and 3) there were increases of water content, with the initial average value was 0.86 %b/b became 0.74 %b/b in the 10th frying, however it declined in the 15th and the 20th frying with the average value of 0.55 %b/b (max allowed value 0.01–0.03).

Keywords
Nutrition, Fatty Acid, Bakso Malang

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/87TtvYyfxH2J

Corresponding Author
Uun Yanuhar

Institutions
1 Aquatic Resources Management Departement, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University.

2 Master Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University

Abstract
Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is one of superior commodity that are easily cultivated in the fisheries sector in Indonesia. But, there is one of the difficulties in humpback grouper cultivation is Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) infection. The existence of VNN can be transmitted vertically and horizontally, according to water quality and natural feed (plankton) consumed by groupers. Therefore, this study conducted an observation of the factors thought to affect the presence of VNN seen from the identified plankton. This study used descriptive method. Water sampling, plankton and fish was carried out 3 times with a one-week interval in floating net cages in the Gulf of Sendang Biru Beach, Malang Regency. The results obtained by 5 phylum of phytoplankton, there are Chlorophyta division (3 genera), Phragmophyta (1 genus), Diatom (2 genera), Cyanophyta (1 genus) and Bacillariophyta or Chrysophyta (2 genera). Zooplankton consists of 4 phylum, there are Arthropoda (7 genera), Mollusca (1 genus), Tracheophyta (1 genus) and Rotifera (1 genus). Whereas, plankton that were found in the stomach of groupers mostly Bacilariophyta and a small portion of Cyanophyta and Phragmophyta. Based on the results of plankton identification, showed that plankton was not infected with Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and indicated the infecction of Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) occurs not because of the plankton factor in the floating net cages but vertically which is the spread from the parent to the larvae.

Keywords
Plankton; Cromileptes altivelis; Viral Nervous Necrosis.

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EmQgHN8L9wpV

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1Environmental Engineering Department, Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Jl. A. Yani 117
Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
2Biology Department, Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Jl. A. Yani 117
Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
3Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Abstract
Pamulihan is one of the District in Garut Regency that has a function as industrial, recreation and conservation area. These activities may have an impact to the environmental, especially to the river. Cibatarua River which located in Pamulihan District may be affected by pollutant. The research objectives are to analyze the water quality based on Government Law No. 82/2001 and calculate the pollution load and pollution load carrying capacity of the Cibatarua River based on Environmental Agency Law No. 113/2003. Water quality parameters include Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Oil and Grease and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The results showed that BOD5 and oil and grease were exceed the standard based on Government Law No. 82/2001. The pollution load for BOD, COD, pH, oil and grease, and DO were 1.151.712 kg/day, 3.455,13 kg/day, 28.792,8 kg/day, 10.365,40 kg/day, 1.151,71 kg/day and 4.606,84 kg/day respectively. Meanwhile the pollution load carrying capacity for each parameters were 1.094.126, 4 kg/day, -1.382,05 kg/day, 12.910,69 kg/day, 1.600,87 kg/day, -1.151,71 kg/day and 0 kg/day respectively. Our recommendation to improve the river quality including wastewater management, reducing pollutant release to the river, and implementing biotechnology to reduce water pollution in River.

Keywords
Carrying Capacity, Cibatarua River, Pollution Load.

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LBZYrxTK9Q3J

Corresponding Author
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya

Institutions
Universitas Negeri malang

Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metal in marine waters is a very serious and dangerous environmental problem. Heavy metals can accumulate in sludges and corals. Understanding trace metal displacement, concentration and distribution is needed as a first step to prevent the spread of heavy metals pollution. We determined the trace metals in sludges ( Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co,Cu and Fe) using the method Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) microwave as well as other chemical analyzes such as anion analysis and total organic carbon. The samples were used Acropora corals and sludges taken from Prigi bay waters. This research aims to (1) investigation of the level of metal pollution in prigi bay waters, (2) Look for the relationship of metal concentrations in sludges, corals and seawater in order to obtain more accurate pollution value data. The data for heavy metals concentration, zinc should not exceed than 50µg l-1 in marine waters. Cadmium is a relatively rare element with concentrations ranging from 2 x 10 4 to 2.9µg l-1. Lead is highly toxic and originates from anthropogenic activities. Nickel is one of the largest trace metal constituents of crude oil and cobalt is an essential metal for living organisms in low concentrations but may be toxic in high concentrations. Copper concentrations in marine waters should not increase than 5 µg l-1. For Higher concentrations of Fe in sludges and seawater may be revealed a pollution problem in a certain area. The precision value (% RSD) of using the BCR microwave method for trace metals in sludges has a range (3.99-9.6%) for all metals.

Keywords
Sludge, Coral, Heavy Metals, Risk Assessment, Prigi Bay

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BedujmghNatG

Corresponding Author
Rina Hidayati Pratiwi

Institutions
Pendidikan MIPA, Pendidikan Biologi, UNINDRA

Abstract
The use of medicinal plants to overcome diseases has been used since ancient times because in these plants contain secondary metabolites which can be used as medicine. The aim of this research is to observe the anatomical structure or form and the secretory cell density of secondary metabolite compound in the form of bioactive compounds. The sample used are Chromolaena odorata, Anredera cordifolia, Adenanthera pavonina, Vernonia amygdalina, Psidium guajava, Syzygium polyanthum, Piper ornatum, Zingiber officinale, dan Curcuma longa. Observation of anatomical structure of leaves was done by making paradermal and transversal sections, while observation of anatomical structure of rhizomes were performed by making transversal sections. Observations consisting of leaf anatomical structure of cells of the epidermis, the stomata and the secretory cells per unit area in the leaf and rhizome of nine tropical medicinal plants. The medicinal plants containing some of the secondary metabolite compounds. Microscopic observation found several types of secretory structure in leaves and rhizomes observed oil cavity cells were found in Syzygium polyanthum leaves, Psidium guajava leaves, Piper ornatum leaves, Anredera cordifolia leaves, and Zingiber officinale rhizomes. In Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa rhizomes, they were found the idioblast cells which contained starch grains. In addition, there were found another form of secretory cells in Chromolaena odorata, Adenanthera pavonina, and Vernonia amygdalina. In epidermal cell, it showed the anatomy of stomata type from the leaf of medicinal plant are anomocytic stomata type, tertracytic type and cyclocytic type.

Keywords
medicinal plant, secretory cell, stomata

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zjdYUMhrKPDT

Corresponding Author
- Insafitri

Institutions
Department of Marine Science, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, Indonesia 69162
E-mail: insafitri[at]trunojoyo.ac.id

Abstract
Gili Labak has a good coral reef condition, but has a lot of problem including coral disease. This study aims to identify bacteria that are associated with Acropora formosa corals which have the potential as antibacterial white plague disease in Acropora sp. The method used in the antibacterial test is the overlay test and agar diffusion test, and laboratory analysis using bacterial isolation, DNA extraction, DNA amplification, squencing and phylogenetic analysis. Based on bacteria morphology, four bacterial isolates were found from healthy Acropora, namely AF1, AF2, AF3, and AF4. From the results of the antibacterial activity test using the pathogenic bacterium Bacillus firmus, isolates AF1 produced a inhibition zone in three days of 5.10 ± 0.10 mm, 2.7 ± 0.04 mm, and 3.80 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, while AF3 produced a inhibition zone of 2.90 ± 0.16 mm, 3.10 ± 0.06 mm, and 2.7 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity test using pathogenic bacteria Bacillus dretensis, AF2 produced a inhibition zone of 3.80 ± 0.01 mm, 2.20 ± 0.15 mm, and 1.30 ± 0.09 mm, respectively, while AF4 produced a inhibition zone of 4.60 ± 0.060 mm, 2.90 ± 0.06 mm, and 1,00 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that AF1, AF3 and AF4 had 99% similarity with Virgibacillus salarius, and AF2 had 98% similarity with Halomonas sp.

Keywords
coral disease; white plague; acropora formosa; antibacterial

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xXBbfmM6LzRd

Corresponding Author
Bayyinatul Muchtaromah

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jl Gajayana 50, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Curcuma mangga is one of the traditional medicine that has the effect of dealing with infertility problems. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are bacteria that is often found as the cause of the female reproductive tract infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of C. mangga extract against S.aureus and E. coli in several solvents. C. mangga rhizome was extracted by a maceration method using ethanol (polar), chloroform (semi-polar), and n-hexane (non-polar) solvents. The antibacterial activity test against S.aureus and E. coli using Kirby Bauer method with 100% concentration and microdilution method with concentration (%) 50, 25,12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.78, 0.39. The highest inhibition zone diameter for S.aureus was obtained by ethanol (10.11 m), chloroform (9.21 mm), n-hexane (6.05 mm) extract while for E. coli respectively achieved by ethanol extract (8.06 mm), n-hexane (5.88 mm) and, chloroform (4.19 mm). The MIC value of ethanol extract to S.aureus was found at concentrations of 3.13% and MBC at 6.25%. The MIC value of ethanol extract on E. coli was obtained at concentrations of 6.25% and MBC at 12.50%. Ethanol extract of C. mangga rhizome produced the most antibacterial activity than chloroform and n-hexane.

Keywords
antibacterial, chloroform, Curcuma mangga, Escherichia coli, ethanol, n-hexane, Staphylococcus aureus

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4j6XNFQctxeH

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2 Akademi Farmasi Putra Indonesia Malang, Indonesia

Corresponding author: a) nur.setiawan.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant shaped like grass. The leaves are long flat (not perforated). Black garlic is the result of processing garlic that has been at 700C with relative humidity of 70-80% at room temperature for twenty-one days and without additional treatment so that the water content decreases. The antibacterial content found in black garlic can be used as an inhibitor of bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of black garlic against streptococcus mutans. The research method for black garlic is using the maceration method using 96% ethanol, filtrate in the rotary evaporator and waterbath so that thick extract is obtained. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusuion method. The concentration ethanol extract of black garlic used 100%. Negative control used was aquadest. Black garlic extract content used is 4 drops/well. The results showed that there was antibacterial activity of balck garlic extract agains streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 100% with producing an average inhibition zone of 10,5 mm.

Keywords
garlic, Allium sativum L., Antibacterium

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wZabnqRdVQ4W

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1,2,3,4,5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: sutrisno.kimia[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Bacterial resistance against antibacterial drugs is one of the serious problems in the world of health. However, the rate of increase in bacterial resistance is not matched by the development of new antibacterial drugs. The search for compounds that are potential candidates for antibacterial drugs is important to continue. Oil is an abundant raw material in nature. One plant that contains a lot of oil is candlenut with an oil content of 55-66% of the weight of the seeds. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of triglyceride derivatives namely potassium soap, fatty acids, and methyl esters. The stages of research that have been carried out include (1) synthesis, characterization, and identification of potassium soap (2) synthesis, characterization and identification of fatty acids (3) synthesis, characterization, and identification of methyl esters (4 ) Test the antibacterial activity of potassium soap, fatty acid, and methyl ester synthesized against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that potassium, fatty acid, and methyl ester from candlenut oil were successfully synthesized. These candlenut oil derivatives have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Keywords
Candlenut oil, its derivatives, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HGuYbWMaqZPA

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Redza Mohd Radzi

Institutions
Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most virulent types of cancers that contribute to high mortality worldwide. Hyperthermia (HT) therapy was introduced as one of the alternatives to treat breast cancer. However, HT caused poor specific heat distribution in tumor during treatment which lead to unintentional destruction of normal cells. Therefore, this study explores the integration effect of multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in combination with hyperthermia for breast cancer therapy regime. MWCNT was recognized as the potential candidate for hyperthermal therapy due to its thermal conductance and stability which generated a significant amount of heat during hyperthermia. This subsequently will provide specific heat distribution in tumor, which expected to improve the treatment outcome. In this study, 5 × 105 EMT6 breast cell was inoculated subcutaneously into right flank of female Balb/c mice. At day 7 post-inoculation, tumors were intratumorally injected with MWCNT and subjected to local HT for 3 consecutive days. The tumor progression was monitored every 2 days. In another experiment, mice were sacrificed after 24 hr post-treatment and tumors were harvested for pathological examination by H&E and immunohistochemical analysis for PCNA and Hsp70 expression. Results from this study demonstrated that mice from combined treatment displayed complete tumor eradication and significantly prolonged median survival (P<0.001). Furthermore, histological analysis of tissues from combined treatment showed that the tumor experienced cell necrosis. For Hsp70 expression, HT and combined treatment both showed expression of Hsp70 protein corresponding to hyperthermia. In addition, significant reduction of PCNA-positive cells was observed in treated group indicated that HT in combination with MWCNT treatment inhibited tumor cells proliferation. Altogether, results presented in this study suggested that MWCNT might have a potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent in future breast cancer treatment.

Keywords
Breast cancer; Hyperthermia; Carbon nanotubes

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eyEPcJdRu6Vr

Corresponding Author
Teresa Liliana Wargasetia

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha,
Jl. Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri MPH 65 Bandung 40164, Indonesia
* Teresa.lw[at]med.maranatha.edu
b) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Sea cucumbers have a wide distribution and high abundance in Indonesia. Previous research has shown that sea cucumbers have an anticancer function and have toxicity to various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, we identified the anticancer compounds of the sea cucumber Holothuria sp. collected from South Malang sea. Holothuria sp was extracted using methanol, then the active compound content was analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). From the results of the analysis, it is known that the methanol extract of Holothuria sp. contains 3 types of anticancer compounds namely holothurin A, holothurin B, and holothurin B3. Based on in silico analysis, it is estimated that the holothurin compounds have target proteins namely BCL2 and PTPN2 which play an important role in the process of apoptosis and cell cycle. The results of this study show that sea cucumbers can be used as anticancer, although various in vitro and in vivo tests are needed to prove the anticancer mechanism.

Keywords
anticancer, apoptosis, Holothuria sp., holothurin, sea cucumber

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ECXqUycGxbKr

Corresponding Author
Rahmi Masita

Institutions
(a) Department of Biology, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang no. 5, Malang 65151, Indonesia
(*)rahmi.masita.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
(b) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Dengue is mosquito borne diseases cause by dengue virus and found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide. There is no specific treatment has been found for its cure. Exploration of secondary metabolites as antiviral is an attempt to treat Dengue. Agarwood, an aromatic sap-producing plant, contains secondary metabolites which are possibly antiviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of ethanolic extract of agarwood leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. (AM) and Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke (GV) as antiviral dengue. Agarwood leaves were extracted with soxhletation using 96% ethanol. Dengue serotype 3 (DEN-3) virus propagated in C6/36 cells. Cytotoxicity tests using WST-1 reagents and antiviral extract activity were carried out in Vero cells. Concentration of extracts used ranged from 15.6 to 1000 ppm. Secondary metabolite group from the extract with the best activity was determined using TLC and various detection reagents. The results showed that AM and GV had relatively low toxicity with theoretical CC50 of 566,154 ppm and 1499,167 ppm. GV extract showed better performance for antiviral activity based on RT-PCR up to 99.59% compared to the control at concentrations >125 ppm. Antiviral potential secondary metabolites detected in GV ethanolic extract are flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.

Keywords
dengue virus, agarwood, antiviral, secondary metabolites, tropical disease

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tkRXAjG2zEnC

Corresponding Author
Ummy Ulvairoh

Institutions
1Chemistry, Science and Mathematic Faculty, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof.H.Soedarto S.H Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275
2Agroecotechnology, Animal Science and Agriculture, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof.H.Soedarto S.H Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 5027
3Statistic, Science and Mathematic Faculty, Universitas Diponegoro, Prof.H.Soedarto S.H Street, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275

Abstract
Seeds of Veitchia merilli (Aracaceae family) contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, polyphenol, tannin, and quinone, which has antifungal potency. The objective of research is to investigate the effectiveness of Veitchia merilli seeds extract in controlling fusarium wilt on Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum Sp. The experiment was conducted at Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Program Study, Faculty of Science and Mathematic, Universitas Diponegoro and Jawa Tengah farmer field, by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two treatments (dry and wet) and four replications. Antifungal activity test was using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with various concentrations (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%). The result showed that wet extract of Veitchia merilli seeds is more potential as antifungal agent to control fusarium wilt on shallot. The effective concentration is 60%, it showed that the activity level was very strong and able to improve Shallot plant growth with plant height 7,64 cm.

Keywords
Antifungal , Fusarium oxysporum Sp., Fusarium wilt , Kirby Bauer disc diffusion ,Secondary metabolites , Shallot , Veitchia merilli

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UuvZJT8d3KYX

Corresponding Author
Kennis Rozana

Institutions
Biology FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is one of the microbes that is known very potential to degrade heavy oil because it can produce biosurfactants. The presence of biosurfactant makes Bacillus subtilis able to degrade the chains of carbon atoms in heavy oils that are very long and complex. The ability of Bacillus subtilis to produce biosurfactants is caused by the sfp gene which is required to produce Sfp 4-phosphopantetheinyl transferase protein. To know the characteristics and pathway of the sfp gene in producing biosurfactants, molecular analysis was carried out by using bioinformatics. The analysis carried out includes an analysis of the primary structure, secondary structure, and tertiary structure of the protein produced. Further analysis using EcoCyc was conducted to determine the Sfp 4-phosphopantetheinyl transferase protein metabolism pathway. Based on the results of the analysis carried out related to the sfp gene, it has a conserved protein motif associated with a fairly low similarity with some EntD proteins from Escherichia coli. Based on the EcoCyc analysis known that AccS as a group of genes that produce 4-phosphopantetheinyl transferase Sfp and Associated EntD proteins play an important role in maintaining membrane cell function. The expression of the sfp gene is controlled by the Crp and Fur transcription activator. Excessive expression of the SFP gene will help the secretion of secondary metabolites capable of breaking complex carbon atom chains in the heavy oil.

Keywords
Bacillus subtilis , biosurfactant, sfp gene, bioinformatics

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zNjXEcPAmJn2

Corresponding Author
Sri Endah Indriwati

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The Parks in Malang City are valuable assets for people who function as the main producers of producing oxygen. Aside from being a producer of oxygen, parks in the city of Malang are also used as open laboratories to be used as learning resources for students in knowing the characteristics of plants. This study aims to determine the architectural profile of several trees based on their branching patterns in Malang city parks. The method used in this research was survey and direct observations in the park. The data was analyzed descriptively by describing tree architectural patterns based on the pattern of branching in several trees in Malang City Park. The tree was photographed and then described and recorded the results. The results showed that the architectural patterns of several trees showed six stem architectural patterns. The pattern includes patterns of Champagnat, Holtum, Corner, Leeuwenberg, Troll, and Koriba. The results of this architectural description were used as sources of information for urban spatial organizers and used as learning resources that in the form of parks architecture encyclopedias in Malang City.

Keywords
architecture, Malang, parks, trees

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nCHGpwdrxPBj

Corresponding Author
Erna Amin

Institutions
a) Midwifery Master-s Degree Program Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*midwife_erna[at]yahoo,com
b) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, East Java, Indonesia
c) Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Postpartum blues is the most common mood disorder commonly found in postpartum period. This disorder negatively impacts on the health of these mothers and their babies which results in poor treatment. The pathophysiology of postpartum blues is known to be associated with the noradrenergic system. This study aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy oils of lavender inlahance on norepinephrine levels of mothers with postpartum blues. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted from April to May 2019 in three health centers. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from the treatment and control groups which culminated in 28 people. Furthermore, five drops of aromatherapy lavender administered on cotton was inhaled by the groups for 15 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks. Urine was collected to measure norepinferin metabolites, the data analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A total of 55 postpartum woman were screened, out of which 33 (60%) experienced postpartum blues. Data from norepinephrine measurement results analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a p value of 0.157 > 0.05, showed no significant difference in the norepinephrine levels of the control group. While in the treatment group, p value is 0.001 < 0.05 which indicates significant differences. Lavender aromatherapy effectively reduced the levels of norepinferin in woman with postpartum blues

Keywords
Postpartum blues, Lavender, Norepinephrine

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MvurgnfCADWL

Corresponding Author
Diani Fatmawati

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
UV light exposure affecting in reducing collagen and skin elastin collagen (photo aging). This research aimed at obtaining a formula of bay (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp.) leaf and tomato (Lycopersicum pyriform) fruit extract for soft drink package as an anti-aging potential in term of avoiding aging process caused by UV-B light. The measured indicators were superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Copper (Cu) content, Zinc-SOD (Zn-SOD) and malondialdehid (MDA) test level. This experimental research employed post test only control group design by giving various extracts of bay leaves and tomato fruits to mice. The treatments given were negative control group (mice without UV-B treatment) (P0); positive control group (150 mJ/cm2 UV-B exposure for four hours which then given 11 g/kg BW distillated water every two days) (P1); 150 mJ/cm2 UV-B exposure for four hours which given tomato fruit extract as of 8 g/kg BW and bay leaf extract as of 3 g/kg BW every two days (P2); 150 mJ/cm2 UV-B exposure for four hours and given as of 8 g/kg BW tomato fruit extract as well as 3 g/kg BW bay leaves extract every two days before and after the UV-B treatment (P3); 150 mJ/cm2 UV-B exposure which given 8 g/kg BW of tomato fruit extract and 3 kg/kg BW of bay leaf extract after UV-B light treatment every two days (P4). The data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA which then continued to LSD test. The results showed that the treatment of 8 g/kg BW of tomato fruit extract and 3 g/kg bay leaves extract has been proven to be effective in stabilizing MDA level, SOD activity and Cu level, as well as preventing the decreasing Zn-SOD as the effect of UV-B radiation in mice skin.

Keywords
Bay leaves, Cu level, SOD activity, Tomato fruit, Zn-SOD and MDA level

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hVv24Uw7RqxC

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan-ROC
3Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan-ROC
4Department of Endocrinology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
5Department of Clinical Pathology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
6Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang
7Department of Surgery, Sardjito General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
8Department of Nursing Science, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang, Indonesia



a)Corresponding author: hendra.susanto.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b)nanshan.liou[at]msa.hinet.net

Abstract
The epidemiologic evidence has been proved that chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection may significantly contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV). Moreover, the prevalence of individual with CHC infection in Indonesia increased dramatically during the last decade. Importantly, there is no preliminary data, whether specific liver derived-hormone, betatrophin/ANGPTL-8/ can contribute to the early stage of HCC caused by HCV infection. The goal of this study was to provide a baseline data of betatrophin profile in subjects with CHC. Nineteen healthy control and fourteen CHC patients were considered as the samples and circulating betatrophin was measured by ELISA. Interestingly, the higher level of betatrophin was observed in an individual with CHC compared to placebo. Furthermore, the linear data was also found that the classical marker of liver injury, ALT significantly increased in the same patients. Based on this critical data, it is suggested that betatrophin may contribute to the early stages of HCC in connection to the gradual changes of HCV DNA and ALT level. Even though this finding could be a hallmark for the essential characteristic of betatrophin in CHC subjects progress to HCC, however, the future study with long-term monitoring in clinical observation of CHC patients is compulsory.

Keywords
betatrophin, chronic hepatitis C, metabolic syndrome, hepatocellualr carcinoma

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KMfeAQVhL6BW

Corresponding Author
Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati

Institutions
1) School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University Semarang, Indonesia
2) Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
Human activities had induced environmental changes, which in turn change the biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. In this paper will have a look in the different ways, how biodiversity able to use for environmental impact assessment (EIA). EIA is process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. Water quality assessment will discuss in relation to the biodiversity changes. Organism live in the range of natural variability. In the species level, tolerant species will adapt to the environmental changes, whereas sensitive species will move to or eliminated from the ecosystem. In the level of population, environmental changes will induce changes in the assemblage of organisms. The species richness and abundance of plankton, diatoms, and vascular plants in the riparian vegetation were evaluated in relation to the effect of land use and water quality. The surrounding land uses and human activities along the aquatic ecosystem were found to have significant impact on the overall water quality and biodiversity of the aquatic biota and riparian vegetation.

Keywords
versity, environmental assessment, species, ecosystem, water quality

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9tDu2Zk3TGfv

Corresponding Author
FATCHUR ROHMAN

Institutions
(a) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia
(b) Graduate students of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

Abstract
The research on birds biodiversity with their plant preferences has been done in the water sources area of Sumber Kendedes, Sumber Waras, and Sumber Taman, Malang, East Java Province. The aim of this research was to explore the composition of birds based on their conservation status and the analysis of birds community with their plant-s preferences around the water sources. The silent observation was used to scrutinize the birds around those areas. The observation was done by binocular and camera, to observe and to photograph the examined birds respectively. Subsequently, the recognized plant was noted to analyze as the birds preferences. The results of this research showed that in Sumber Kendedes are composing of 15 species of birds. In this area, the plant preference is Ficus racemosa L.. While at the Sumber Waras are consists of 13 bird species, with their plants preferences are Ficus sp., and Bamboo. Furthermore, at the Sumber Taman are consists of 25 species, with their plants preferences are Ficus sp., Albizia chinensis, and Bamboo. The level of biodiversity is at a moderate level, as well as the level of species richness. Meanwhile, the level of equality of individual was tending to low.

Keywords
Biodiversity, Birds, Plants preferences, Water sources

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WjJZ4aDUyH9B

Corresponding Author
Andik Wijayanto

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
It is important to carry out exploration of pteridophyte biodiversity in Ijen Crater Nature Preserve because with extreme natural conditions, it is expected to get potential species for medicine purpose. It found 15 species, namely Belvisia revaluta, Christella meeboldii (Rossent) Holtum, Cyathea crinita, Cyathea nilgirensis, Cyathea squamulata, Davallea trichomonoides, Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. F), Diplazium polypodioides Bl., Equisetum ramosissimum Desf., Histiopteris insica (Thumb.) J.Sm, Histiopteris insica (Thumb.) J.Sm, Hyperlepis gladulifera, Phytirogramma sp. (unidentified), Pteris longipes D.Don, Selaginella radicata, and Selliguea heterocarpa.

Keywords
Biodiversity; Pteridophyte; Ijen Crater Nature Preserve; Medicine;

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vGfDcRkzKNYA

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nutrition Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro Street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency, Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: imulgizi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Dietary fiber reduces the risk of developing diabetes. Nasi jagung is one of Indonesian foods made from corn. Nasi jagung contains higher fiber than corn. Nasi jagung can be consumed as a staple food instead of rice. The present study aimed to analyse the relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung with fasting blood glucose level. This cross-sectional study included 57 healthy adults aged 31-45 years with nasi jagung consumption habit. Fiber intake from nasi jagung was assesed by using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose level was using capillary blood analysis. Spearman Rho was used to analyse relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung with fasting blood glucose level (=0.05). The average of fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level were 1.13±1.2 g and 80.70±7.7 mg/dl, respectively. The correlation test result indicated a negative correlation between fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level (r = -0.348, p = 0.008). This study indicate that those with nasi jagung consumption habit may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing diabetes by controlling blood glucose level.

Keywords
nasi jagung, fiber, blood glucose

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dCxuhHrwvb7t

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
2Laboratory of Biomoleculer, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Parkinsons disease (PD) the most common movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimers disease, is characterized primarily by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to a dopamine deficit in the striatum. The standard therapy for Parkinson-s was levodopa (dopamine agonist) administration, but extended levodopa treatment often end up with dyskinesia. So, it-s needed the emerging alternative therapy for Parkinson-s. one of the most promising therapy is herbal remedies. Centella asiatica (CA) is one of popular herbs that has been used for many centuries for cure many disease such as bronchitis, memory improvement and neurotonic. In this study we explore the mechanism of CA to protect from Parkinson-s disease. We used SuperPred server to predict kinds of molecules that could bind to the certain protein. Four major active compound of CA (Asiaticoside, mdecassoside, madecassic acid and Asiatic acid) were docked using PatchDock and continuous using FireDock. One of interesting active compound was Asiatic acid, continued to further analyzed using Autodick Vina on PyRx 0.8, Molecular interaction (Ligand Scout V.2.0), Molecular visualization (chimera 1.8.1). Results showed that asiaticoside and madecassoside have strong anti-inflammatory activities due to their binding to the cyclooxygenase enzymes. While Asiatic acid and madecassic acid have specific binding to protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). FireDock analysis using 2F71 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b as receptor) and Asiatic acid as ligand (DSAsisticAcisCID119024.pdb) we found energy binding -6.62 kj/mol. Its known that if PTP 1b bound to certain molecule, the BDNF signalling will more strength. Because PTP 1b attenuate BDNF signaling. We can conclude that CA could protect Parkinson-s through the anti-inflammatory activities and strengthen the BDNF signaling.

Keywords
Centella asiatica, BDNF, Asiatic acid, PTP 1b

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vgDTBzmJ7jcL