Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Ibnu Syuhada

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, PECVD Lab. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

* toto[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
In this recent work, we develop new empirical interatomic potential for the construction of carbon materials. We started by expressing an explicit form of incorporate energy and the local environment to redefine bond order, allowing increased accuracy of computation to be realistic. As a result, we show comparisons of calculations with experiments and other methods for cohesive energy, bond length, mechanical properties, including phonon. The work limitations are also discussed for future use.

Keywords
bond order, empirical interatomic potental, local environment

Topic
Theoretical and Analysis in Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vK6YPrMXRpQD

Corresponding Author
Bagas Pratama

Institutions
1) Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
*rsuryana[at]staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) is formed on n-type silicon wafers Si (100) and Si (111) substrates using electrochemical anodization method. Silicon wafers were anodized in HF (40%) dan ethanol (99%) solution with a ratio of 1:1 at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, 20 mA/cm2, 30 mA/cm2, 40 mA/cm2, dan 50 mA/cm2 for 30 minutes. The reflectances of PSi were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the depth and pore size of PSi were characterized by AFM. The reflectance of PSi on both Si(100) and Si(111) substrates decreased with increasing the current density while AFM images confirmed that the depth and the pore size increased with increasing the current density. It is concluded that PSi could be applied as an anti-reflective surface in solar cell devices. The reflectance of PSi on Si(100) substrate had a value smaller than it is on Si (111) substrate. This indicated that the crystal orientation of (100) can be etched easier than the crystal orientation of (111).

Keywords
Si (100), Si (111), n-type, electrochemical anodization, reflectance, UV-Vis, AFM

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QZfeEqhUmCVd

Corresponding Author
Mira Setiana

Institutions
1) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematical and Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, 65145 Malang, Jawa Timur
a)mirasetiana[at]student.ub.ac.id
b)tyasnz[at]student.ub.ac.id
c) sakti[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance respond not only to the deposited mass on its surface, liquid property in contact with its surface, but also respond to the mechanical property change of its coating material. The mechanical property of the coating material which affects the sensor resonance frequency is the modulus elasticity change, mass density change and conformational change of the coating layer. It is known that the polymer mechanical property can be affected by the gas or liquid in contact with the polymer. Gas or liquid absorption leads to the change in the modulus elasticity of the film which absorb the gas or liquid compare to the initial film modulus elasticity. Ionic interaction may also affect the polymer film mechanical property. Potassium chloride solution in water has ionic strength related to its concentration. This work shows that the frequency respond of the QCM sensor coated with polystyrene was affected by the potassium concentration in water. The frequency change of the QCM sensor coated with polystyrene film to the potassium chloride concentration from was presented.

Keywords
Quartz crystal microbalance; Potassium chloride; Polystyrene

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ebXDPmChQFqL

Corresponding Author
Sutikno Madnasri

Institutions
1,4,5) Department of Electrical Engineering, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2,3) Advanced Composite Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
The new Electronic nose (enose) instrument is able to detect diseases through aroma blood, secret, stool, breath and urine. Scientists in the world develop enose for early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM). They developed a device and an enose recognition algorithm. Enose is an instrument consisting of hardware and software that contains a pattern recognition algorithm (PARC-Pattern Recognition). The instrument is able to provide decisions in realtime, sensitive to aroma changes and portable. A large number of e-nose instruments, based on a variety of technologies and operational mechanisms, are available for early detection of diabetes mellitus. Some of the common enose technologies used are polymer sensors (CP), metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS), and nano particles. The E-nose device is useful in designing portable and mobile technology as a remote monitoring tool for patients who require intensive control instulin. This article is a recent system review and enose algorithm, developed over the past decade, which has potential applications for early detection of diabetes mellitus. This article discusses a review of the development of enose for early detection of diabetes, starting from the use of the type of sensor, comparison of the number of sensors, the use of feature characterization methods, feature matrix, feature extraction methods and pattern recognition methods.

Keywords
Review, diabetes detection, enose

Topic
Theoretical and Analysis in Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FdZnRQckarX8

Corresponding Author
Sutikno Madnasri

Institutions
1,4,5) Department of Electrical Engineering, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2,3) Advanced Composite Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
The need for aroma recognition devices or often known as enose (electronic nose) is increasing. In the field of health, enose is able to detect early type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) from urine aroma. Enose is an aroma recognition tool that uses a pattern recognition algorithm to recognize urine aromas from diabetes mellitus patients based on input signals from gas sensor arrays. The need for portable enose devices is increasing, because of the increasing need for real-time needs. This has a large impact on the selection of the number of gas sensor arrays in the enose. This article discusses the effect of the number of sensor arrays used on the results of the introduction. Enose uses a maximum of 4 sensors, with a maximum feature matrix. After that, the characteristic matrix enters the feature extraction of PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and clustering using the FCM (Fuzzy C Means) method. Variations in the number of sensors consist of 1 sensor, 2 sensors, 3 sensors and 4 sensors. The sensor used consists of MQ2, MQ5, MQ6 and MQ8. The results of the introduction show that, enose using 2 sensors has a high accuracy of 98.3%.

Keywords
number of sensor arrays, MQ sensors, enose

Topic
Theoretical and Analysis in Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/N6nJfcRVrP3L

Corresponding Author
Robi Kurniawan

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
2 Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang, 65145 East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Alumina based catalysts play an important role in the process of optimizing crude oil processing. Platinum/alumina (Pt/Al2O3) is an alumina based catalyst that is widely used in the oil production process, as a consequence leaving a lot of catalyst waste. In this catalyst waste, the Pt metal is an important content, which has a high economic value. In this study, we focused on processing Pt/Al2O3 catalyst waste to separate Pt metal content from the catalyst. Optimization of Pt metal separation was carried out using a sonoleaching procedure under different conditions. We noted a significant change in the color of the catalyst from gray to yellow and a reduction in mass at an increase in temperature of up to 50oC during the sonoleaching process. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on recovery of Pt metal was investigated by morphological analysis and elemental content in Pt/Al2O3 catalyst waste. Our results will provide additional knowledge and reference in optimizing Pt recovery in Pt/Al2O3 catalyst waste for the reuse of Pt metals in various applications.

Keywords
Pt/Al2O3 catalyst; sonoleaching; temperature; Pt metal

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mj6XPf3BcxTV

Corresponding Author
Sutikno Madnasri

Institutions
1,4,5) Department of Electrical Engineering, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2,3) Advanced Composite Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Aroma based electronic nose recognition instrument develops for medical needs. This instrument is expected to be able to detect diseases in the body, through urine, blood, breath, sketch, sweat and human feces. This is a new challenge for instrument enose, especially for recognizing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Some previous studies applied statistical methods using the time domain, such as using maximal, minimal, standard deviation, variance and means. Each sensor uses only 1 statistical feature. Enose has not used more than 1 statistical feature. This article discusses the effect of the number of features included in the process of recognition of the results of the introduction. Enose uses 4 polymer gas sensors, then calculates the statistical characteristics of the changes in the gas sensor resistance. This results in a feature matrix. The next process is calculating feature extraction using the PCA (Principle Component Analysis) method and clustering using the FCM (Fuzzy C Means) method of the feature matrix. Enose uses characteristic variations ranging from 2 traits, 3 traits, 4 traits and 5 traits. The results of the introduction show that, enose using 3 characteristics has a high accuracy of 83.3%.

Keywords
characterization, statistical characteristics, enose

Topic
Theoretical and Analysis in Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TxLCmykhjHvE

Corresponding Author
Altje Latununuwe

Institutions
Department of Physics Education and Laboratory of Physics Education,
Pattimura University

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized using the green synthesis method, which used peperumia pellucida leaf extract as reducing agent and TiCl3 as precursor. The prepared TiO2 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and ultra violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD result shows that the NPs are in nature anatase phase at the angles of 2 theta 25.3o, 37.54o, 49.91o, 53.84o and 62.72o corresponding to crystal orientations (101), (004), (200), (105) and (204). Based on SEM image, the sizes of these materials are in the range 20-40 nm. The maximum optical absorbance and calculated band gap energy are around 202 nm and 3.68 eV, respectively.

Keywords
TiO2 nanoparticles, green synthesis, peperumia pellucida, SEM, XRD, UV-vis

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rLe4zVm8DMyb

Corresponding Author
Eko Hadi Sujiono

Institutions
Laboratory of Materials Physics
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia

Abstract
The structure of NdFeO3 doped Yb using solid state reaction method have been investigated. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3 samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at x=0.01, x=0.05 and x=0.10, respectively. All samples then characterized using X-ray diffractometer to obtain their crystal structure and phase. The Rietveld refinement method that can be used in Rietica software was used to analyse lattice parameters of the samples. Result of X-ray diffraction shows the presence of Yb did not affect the crystal structure of NdFeO3. The Rietveld refinement process shows that all samples have a good refinement indicating by the value of χ2 ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 and the good visualization of graph between experimental and calculation pattern. Further analyses of lattice parameters results will be explained in this paper.

Keywords
Ytterbium, NdFeO3, Rietveld Refinement, Rietica, Structure

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8KDgBW7Zpu4r

Corresponding Author
Kurniati Abidin

Institutions
Department of Physics
Physics of Electronic Material Division
PECVD Lab
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java. Indonesia
*email: toto[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Silver (Ag) nano catalyst has been deposited on SiO2 glass substrate by thermal evaporation method. The layer thickness was about 2.42 nm. The Ag nano catalyst was then annealed at temperature of 4000C with variation of annealing time of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. SEM, EDS and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. From the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that diameter size of the nanoparticles were mostly 2.92, 1.69, 0.69 and 0.89 mm, respectively. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy revealed that composition of Ag for each sample are 0.26, 0.14, 0.48 and 0.14% respectively. Based on the SEM and EDX results, the smallest diameter of particles and the most Ag composition was obtained after annealing for 3 hours. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate that the Ag nano catalyst were formed by Si-O-Ag bonds at 1379 cm-1.

Keywords
Nano catalyst, Silver, thermal evaporation, Annealing

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/W3EbwjrHcdQf

Corresponding Author
Dhewa Edikresnha

Institutions
a)Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

b)Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

c)Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
By means of electrospinning, composite fibers mat built from PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and CA (Cellulose Acetate) with garlic extract as active agent and glycerin as additive has been successfully produced. The electrospun nanofiber mats for all variations show some cluster with branches of fibers as the effect of glycerin. The average fiber diameter of composite fiber decreased along with the increasing applied voltage from 12 to 15 kV. However, the average diameter reduced when the applied voltage increased afterwards. In the FTIR study, a sharp peak at 1014 cm-1 as the characteristic peak of garlic extract, which attributes to the existence of S=O group and proving the presence of organosulfur compounds such as alliin, allicin dan diallyl disulfide, was found. In the composite fibers of PVP/CA/Glycerin/Garlic, the characteristic peak of garlic shifted to a higher wavenumber 1036 cm-1.

Keywords
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Cellulose Acetate, Glycerin, Garlic Extract, Electrospinning, Composite Fibers

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uwrUbRPLtNah

Corresponding Author
Abdullah Malik Islam Filardli

Institutions
a) Membrane Research Center (MeR-C), Integrated Laboratory for Research and Services, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
*heru.susanto[at]che.undip.ac.id

b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) membranes were prepared by using non solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Membrane surface modification was done by grafting Polyethylene glycol (PEG) using energy from 15 kV corona discharge simultaneously. This research conducted by 2 kind of electrodes (positive and negative electrode). By variation of grafting time : 1, 3, and 5 minutes, permeability membrane with negative electrode higher than positive electrode, it was 987,64 L / m2 h bar and 237,67 L / m2 h bar respectively. The IR Spectra confirmed the presence of PEG in PP membranes and radical ions that bind PEG onto surface PP membrane. Visualization of membrane morphology demonstrated uniform structure for modified PP membrane with the pore size within the range 0.2-0.4 µm.

Keywords
Corona Discharge; NIPS; Negative; Positive; Polypropylene Membrane

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/G9Wc6KjECaLR

Corresponding Author
Dionysius Joseph Djoko Herry Santjojo

Institutions
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and
Collaborative Research Center for Advanced System and Material Technology,
Brawijaya University Indonesia

Abstract
Surface texturing of carbon based thin film such as amorphous carbon or diamond like carbon (DLC) is the key technology in the development of functional surface for many kinds of sensors. This study explored the possibilities of processing the carbon film’s surface by means of plasma oxidation to produce effective textures. A high density oxygen plasma was generated by a combination of RF and DC power in a vacuum chamber. The high density plasma was applied selectively onto the surface of a DLC film via a printed mask lithography technique. Circular dots with the diameter of 25 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm were printed on the DLC film. Oxidation reaction was expected on the exposed surface, i.e. the area surrounded the dots. The results show the oxidation effectively removed the DLC on the unmasked area producing 3D cylindrical patterns. The plasma processing which was carried out for 2 hours was monitored and diagnosed using an optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The oxidation was controlled by atomic oxygen which was the dominant species observed in the plasma. The removal (etching) rate was 9μm/h with 91%, 98% and 99% pattern accuracy related to the larger diameter studied in this work. Observations using a Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the printed mask effectively protects the DLC from the etching process and other indirect processes.

Keywords
oxygen plasma, RF-DC plasma, oxygen etching, diamond-like carbon, surface-texturing, high density plasma

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PuHQz6XLr7Wj

Corresponding Author
Is Fatimah

Institutions
Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55584

Abstract
Surface modification onto Salacca skin with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for enhancement adsorption capability toward methylene blue (MB) and batik’s wastewater has been conducted. Research was focused on the change of physicochemical character of adsorbent using gas sorption analyses and Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometric analysis. Performance of modified Salacca skin for MB and batiks wastewater was evaluated in batch adsorption system for kinetics and optimization study. The results showed that surface modification is in favor for enhancement the adsorption of MB and batik’s wastewater. The presence of functional group on surface plays important role for the surface interaction to enhance adsorption capability. The equilibrium data of MB adsorption by batch system reveals that the adsorption kinetics obey pseudo-first order kinetics and the mechanism described the more intensive surface interaction by surfactant modification.

Keywords
Adsorption; Batik’s wastewater; Biosirbent; Dye; Surfactant

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FEKBwf9ADnGU

Corresponding Author
Rizky Aditya Sawitri

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Thermoelectric materials can convert heat energy into electrical energy. Thermoelectric uses three effects were Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects. Good thermoelectric materials exhibit a large Seebeck coefficient, high electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity so that the material might show a good figure of merit (ZT) coefficient. A series of Co4Sb12 skutterudites compound shows excellent potential as a thermoelectric material because Sb-based skutterudites thermoelectric materials possess high mobility, large atomic mass, low electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient reaches up to 200 µV/K. So far the compound was synthesized based on interstitial doping. In this paper, we report on the study preparing of Co4Sb12 skutterudites for which introducing transition metal atom (Ni) ion at Co site to modify a local distortion which in turns to increase of ZT value. Co4Sb12 skutterudites were synthesized using the modified polyol method and fabricated into thin films on glass substrates. Before fabrication, Co4Sb12 skutterudites was dissolved into DMF. The fabricated Co4-xNixSb12 skutterudites films were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, UV-VIS, and I-V meter to determine the structure and thermoelectric properties of Co4-xNixSb12 skutterudites. It is found that the crystal system of obtained Co4-xNixSb12 skutterudites falls to cubic with the space group of Im-3 (204). Further analyses of XRD data also shows that the crystallinities are 7.65 and 9.35%, for samples respectively for x = 0 and 0.1. The phase purity of the Co4-xNixSb12 samples reach up to 74, and 63% for x = 0 and 0.1 respectively. The result of UV-VIS spectra analyses shows the band gap for samples x = 0 and 0.1 were 2.59 and 2.66 eV, which indicates the samples are semiconductors like which lower than semiconducting oxides. The I-V meter result shows that the increased electrical conductivity with increasing temperature, indicating that the samples can be used as a raw material for the thermoelectric device. Besides that, the values of electrical conductivity for samples reach 10-4 Ω-1. cm-1, which also indicates the samples were semiconductors.

Keywords
Thermoelectric, Co4Sb12 skutterudites, crystal system, band gap, conductivity

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MJNHKhUyTkrV

Corresponding Author
Fakhrotun Nisa

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*nfakhrotun[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Oxovanadium(IV) complexes with nitrogen donor ligand have been reported such as [VO(bpy)₂]SO₄ and [VO(phen)₂]SO₄. Generally, the complexes used bidentate N,N ligands. On the other side, tridentate ligands can increase the stability of complexes due to chelate effect. So in this study, two vanadyl complexes with nitrogen donor tridentate ligands have been synthesized namely 2,2,2",6-terpyridine and 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine. The difference between the two ligands is the two pyridine rings at terpyridine replaced by the pyrazol ring. These complexes have been synthesized from VOSO₄ and the ligand with 1:1 mole ratio. The dark green and light blue solid products obtained with 84% and 80% yields. Elemental analysis result showed 44.62% C, 3.07% H, 10.99% N, and 7.55% S (calculated: 44.41% C, 3.20% H, 10.36% N, and 7.89% S) indicating the formula of C₁₅H₁₁N₃O₅SV.½H₂O or [VO-terpy]SO₄.½H₂O. The other result is 31.12% C, 3.31% H, 16.51% N, and 7,46% S (calculated: 30.84% C, 3.50 % H, 16.35% N, and 7.47% S) for C₁₁H₉N₅O₅SV.3H₂O or [VO-bpp]SO₄.3H₂O. Both oxovanadium(IV) complexes are 2:2 electrolytes based on molar conductivity values of 238 and 212 S cm² mol⁻¹ respectively. The appearance of 150 amu and 139 amu peaks in the ESI-MS spectra were giving evidence of cationic complexes. Thermal stability of complexes were analyzed by TG. These complexes are paramagnetic because their magnetic moment values of 1.73 BM and 1.69 BM due to the presence of one unpaired electron. Interestingly, [VO-bpp]SO₄.2½H₂O complex has a thermochromic effect.

Keywords
Vanadyl complexes; Tridentate ligand; Terpyridine ligand; Bpp ligand

Topic
Minerals and Complex Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nNqXP4Vy7rEQ

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Fauzi

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b) Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, InstitutTeknologi Bandung
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the synthesis of styrofoam/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers using electrospinning. Styrofoam was dissolved in DMF (dimethylformamide) with a concentration of 25 wt% and cellulose acetate at a concentration of 5 wt% with DMF solvent as well. Both solutions were blended and stirred until homogeneous. The precursor solution was varied by the mass ratio of styrofoam solution and cellulose acetate solution 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 20:80. The solution characteristics were the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity measured for each precursor solution. All solutions have been spun on the same parameters. The nanofibers morphology was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The produced nanofibers have a straight, smooth, without bead morphology, and have a diameter of 500 nm to 2.5 µm. Each variation of the spinning solution produces a different diameter of the nanofiber. Addition of the content of styrofoam solution has produced a larger nanofiber diameter. The increase in fiber diameter was related to the characteristics of the viscosity solution, surface tension, and conductivity. Mixing cellulose acetate and styrofoam is expected to reduce the hydrophobicity of styrofoam. So that styrofoam nanofibers can have wider applications.

Keywords
Styrofoam; Cellulose Acetate; Nanofiber; Electrospinning

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GBz3FVk8j2nN

Corresponding Author
Safira Mintari Jayadininggar

Institutions
a)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
b)Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
c)Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 60254 Surabaya, Indonesia
*markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Nowadays, solar cell is one of the most promising energy conversion devices. DSSC as a third generation of solar cell extensively developed due to their advantages i.e. simple fabrication route, eco-friendly, and lower costs. The working principle of DSSC system is based on dye photon absorbing agents provided by photoanode which is consist of high band gap semiconductor materials. ZnO has been widely used due to its high level of electron mobility. However, the energy efficiency level of ZnO-based DSSC is lower than TiO2-based DSSC. So far there is no comprehensive study about TiO2@Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite as photoanode of organic DSSC. In this study, TiO2 as an inert material is used to encapsulate silver (Ag) from corrosion. Experimentally, ZnO and Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using coprecipitation and one-pot synthesized method, respectively at various molar ratio. The phase and structure were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction with Cu-Kα radiation. SEM-EDX is utilized to observe the morphology of the sample and identify their elements composition. The optical band gap was calculated via Tauc plot method from UV-Vis spectroscopy data. For confirming the photovoltaic performance of system, solar simulator with Keithley I-V meters was applied.

Keywords
nanocomposite, organic DSSC, TiO2/ZnO-Ag@TiO2, photovoltaic performance

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aPDcwEh8X9T6

Corresponding Author
Friska Hasugian

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology
Ganesha Street 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia friskahasugian100[at]gmail.com

Abstract
4,7 diazadecanediamide ligand is a ligand that has 4 Nitrogen atoms and 2 Oxygen atoms as donor atoms. This ligand has two amide groups which are capable of rearranging from Ni-O to Ni-N when reacting with the central ion Ni (II) so that it can form 2 different complex structures namely [Ni(C8H18N4O2)(H2O)2]2+and [Ni(C8H16N4O2)].3H2O. This ligand also reacts with central ion Cu (II) to form complexes [Cu(C8H18N4O2)(Cl)]+ and [Cu2 (C8H18N4O2)2(C2H8N2)2]Cl4. Then synthesizing the VO (II) complex with 4,7 diazadecanediamide ligand by mixing 0,95 g (4,37 mmol) solid of VOSO4.3H2O in 1 ml of water and 0,9 g (4,45 mmol) ligand in 20 ml hot ethanol. The green complex precipitate formed was filtered, washed and dried in a desiccator containing silica gel and then weighed and obtained a precipitated mass of 1,22 g. The precipitate was analyzed and obtained data on levels of C, H, N and S as follows: C 17,55% (17,02); H 4,80% (3,90); N 10,10% (9,92) and S 9,71% (11,34). Data in parentheses are theoretical calculation data from the complex VO(II). The result of the TGA measurement shows complexes containing two hydrate molecules. The result of FTIR spectrum measurement indicates the presence of new bond formed in the complex, namely the V-N bond observed at wave number 603 cm-1. The vanadyl complex formed has a chemical formula [(VO)2(C8H18N4O2SO4).2H2O], Mr=564 g/mol). The complex is paramagnetic, with a spin only magnetic moment value of 2.02 BM.

Keywords
vanadyl, diazadecanediamide

Topic
Minerals and Complex Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t7ne3TuZPJKH

Corresponding Author
Ashianti Stenny Winata

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132 Indonesia
(b) Department of Chemical Engineering
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung 40141 Indonesia
*santi[at]unpar.ac.id

Abstract
Supercapacitor is considered as promising technology in energy storage system (EES) because of high power, large currents, and excellent cycle stability. In this study, activated carbon was used as the constituent material for electrodes because it owns porous structure with large surface area, owns high conductivity, low cost, and renewable Activated carbon was synthesized from salacca peel by hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation with KOH. Salacca peel was chosen as a precursor because it has high fixed carbon content and low ash content, but usually discarded as a waste. This research focused on the effect of operating pressure in the hydrothermal carbonization process. The the operating pressure used will determine the water phase in the hydrothermal process, where in this study the pressure is adjusted so that the water is varied in the vapor phase and liquid phase (subcritical water). In hydrothermal carbonization, temperature was varied at 225oC and 250oC with the carbonization time of 5 hours. Chemical activation using KOH as activating agent was done after obtained the hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization process. Produced activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of these carbons were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the largest surface area of produced activated carbons could be obtained is 2907.31 m2/g and the largest capacitance of supercapacitor is 15.57 F/g.

Keywords
activated carbon; salacca peel; hydrothermal carbonization; subcritical water; supercapacitor

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9rjhw3CWnERV

Corresponding Author
Sulistyowati Sulistyowati

Institutions
a) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim , Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id
b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathemathic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Jl. A. Pangeran Pettarani, Makassar 90222 Indonesia

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of Fe2TiO5 powders with three different Fe2O3 powders were successfully performed. The Fe2TiO5 powder was produced by solid-state mixing and calcination of natural-ironstone-derived Fe2O3 and commercial TiO2 powders. Production of Fe2O3 powder was done by the dissolution, coprecipitation, and washing (distillation) processes. In this study, the variations of the washing process were carried out by varying the time (hour) and cycles (times) to acquire the highest purity of Fe2O3 in producing Fe2TiO5. The characterization was performed using XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDX. XRF analysis data showed that the washing process has an effect on the amount of Fe2O3 content of the three powders. XRD analysis showed the success of the formation of a single phase from Fe2O3 powders. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis showed that the morphology and size distribution of the Fe2O3 powders changed with different washing processes. Visually, the Fe2O3 powders differed in color. The XRD patterns of the calcined mixtures showed the formation of a single phase only on the sample where the Fe2O3 powder was the darkest in color and exhibited highest content of Fe according to XRF data. said the study concluded that washing process in the synthesis of Fe2O3 affected the purity of Fe2TiO5 powder. Therefore, this study recommends the most reliable Fe2O3 is the black powder because it has the highest Fe content.

Keywords
Fe2O3; Fe2TiO5; distillation route; solid-state synthesis.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/enBYhwjPUz4g

Corresponding Author
Gian Prahasti

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
b) Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Fiber membranes of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Shell extract of melinjo (SEM) have been successfully synthesized using electrospinning method. The synthesis begins by making a precursor solution between a mixture of SEM solution and PVA solution. The SEM solution was made at a concentration of 10% using an ethanol mixture with water while the PVA solution was made at a concentration of 20% with a water solvent. The precursor solution ware made by mixing PVA solutions and SEM solution at several mass ratio; 10:0, 10:1, 10:3, and 10:5, and then synthesized into fiber using electrospinning method. Characterization of digital microscope was used to see morphology and diameter of the fibers produced. Likewise, the wettability properties of fiber membrane was determined using contact angle meter. The results showed that as the weight fraction of SEM increased, diameter of fibers changes. Subsequently, the wettability properties of fiber membranes changed as the changing of weight fraction of SEM.

Keywords
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Shell extract of melinjo (SEM), membrane, fiber, electrospinning

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3Fbd6XyvamzH

Corresponding Author
Sutikno Madnasri

Institutions
Advanced Composite Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Sekaran Gunung Pati Kota Semarang Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, 50229
*Email: smadnasri[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to characterize Hibiscus tiliaceus L. flowers for green photoresist application. As an organic material, it is expected become an alternative to substitute chemicals have been used to date in it’s synthesis process. This research was designed in four steps, namely flower extraction, characterization of thin films of extracted flower liquid, photoresist fabrication, and characterization of photoresist thin films. The liquid mass fraction of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. flowers was optimized in the range of 10-50% using distillation method. The ocean optic Vis-NIR USB 4000 and Perkin Elmer Frontier FT-IR were used to investigate their optical properties and while Digital CCD Microscope MS-804 Scopeman was used to observe their microstructures. The electrical properties were studied using I-V Meter Elkahfi 100. The photoresist sensitivities were determined through UV and X-ray exposures on their surfaces and the simple patterns were designed for this work. The manufactured organic photoresist matched on the absorbance in wavelength range of 350-1050 nm with the highest absorbance value of 0,3.

Keywords
Epoxy; Hibiscus tiliaceus L.; Photoresist; Photosensitivity

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qGDrtTRCxANL

Corresponding Author
Eko Hadi Sujiono

Institutions
Laboratory of Materials Physics
Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Abstract
The NdFeO3 doped Yb using solid state reaction method have succesfully been synthesized. In this paper, Nd1-xYbxFeO3samples were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of Yb at x=0.01, x=0.05 and x=0.10 using solid state reaction with two routes of heat treatment processes. Results of X-ray diffraction show that all samples have orthorombic structure with two phases: NdFeO3as major phase and Nd2O3 as minor phase. Further analysis explanation about process, structure and morphology will be explained clearly in this paper

Keywords
Ytterbium, NdFeO3, Solid State Reaction Method, Structure, Morphology

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zwa3n47KkqyJ

Corresponding Author
Hendri Widiyandari

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
b) Departement of Chemical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
c) Departement of Physics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
The PVDF/SiO2 (Polyvinilidene fluoride/Silica) nanofiber membrane were prepared by electrospinning method. The SiO2 colloid nanoparticle concentration was varied at 500, 1000 and 3000 ppm. The PVDF is a material that developed in the manufacture of separators. The PVDF has a higher polarity, melting point and electrolyte uptake than the PP material commercial separators. The effect of the SiO2 nanoparticle addition to the PVDF nanofiber membrane to improve membrane characteristics which include porosity, high temperature stability mechanical, mechanical strength and the stability of battery capacity were systematically investigated. The parameter of electrospinning method with 15 kV voltage, flow rate 1,5 ml / hour, needle distance with collector 17 cm and time 1 hour. The immersion of PVDF membrane in colloid SiO2 nanoparticles was carried out for 1 hour. The shape and fiber size were analyzed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The SEM image shows the PVDF nanofiber membrane which has beaded fibers with an average fiber size is ~ 656 nm. The nanoparticel SiO2 formed double layer on the PVDF membrane. The porosity effect of PVDF without SiO2 and PVDF/SiO2 3000 ppm is 57% and 70%, respectively. The effect of addition SiO2 to mechanical strength were increased until 2.7 MPa and the membrane were stable at 150 C for 30 minutes. The PVDF membrane has a higher specific capacity than the PP membrane that is 104.6 mAh/g. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles increased the PVDF membrane capacity stability by the decrease of specific capacity of 42.7 mAh/g for PVDF membrane to 18.7 mAh/g with the addition of SiO2 3000 ppm nanoparticles.

Keywords
PVDF/SiO2; Separator; Membrane; Nanofiber; Electrospinning; Li-ion Battery

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/n94CTcXLedrq

Corresponding Author
Retti Hanggia Anggela

Institutions
a) Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu, Jl. W.R Supratman, Kandang Limun 38371 A Bengkulu, Indonesia
*asdim[at]unib.ac.id
b) Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu, Jl. W.R Supratman, Kandang Limun 38371 A Bengkulu, Indonesia

Abstract
The application of SnO2 nanoparticles has been carried out in various fields, one of which is as photoelectrode on dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their high electron mobility. In general the efficiency of DSSCs is absolutely dependent on the morphology of SnO2. Morphology in the form of aggregates could reduce the efficiency of DSSCs SnO2 nanoparticle based. The synthesis method to reduce the aggregate formation has been widely developed, one of which is green hydrothermal synthesis by the addition of capping agents. In this study, fructose was used as a capping agent in the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles using the hydrothermal method with a temperature variation of 120, 150 and 180 ⁰C which aims to reduce aggregate formation. The effect of adding fructose at different temperatures on the purity and morphology of SnO2 as synthesized was characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The obtained XRD pattern clearly shows that all products produce high purity of SnO2 nanocrystal phases, it was proven by the absence of impurity peaks. In addition, SEM images show that the addition of fructose could reduce the aggregate form of SnO2 nanoparticles. These results indicate that the addition of fructose in the reaction solution can be an alternative method for controlling the morphology of SnO2 nanoparticles and is expected to improve the efficiency of DSSCs.

Keywords
Nanoparticle, SnO2, Capping agent, Fructose

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/X3bn96TjfkAG

Corresponding Author
Pierre Wolter Winowatan

Institutions
a) Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
*winowatan.pierre[at]gmail.com
b) Center for Research of Physics, LIPI, Puspiptek Serpong,
Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a promising candidate to be used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. It has some notable polymorphs such as rutile and anatase, etc. Although several studies revealed that one type of polymorph is better than other polymorphs, comparison between different polymorphs using same synthesis method is still unclear. This research discuss about electrochemical performance between 2 polymorphs of rutile and anatase synthesized by using sol-gel method followed by calcination process. The temperature for calcination process for rutile and anatase polymorps are 480 °C for 8 hours and 850 °C for 6 hours respectively. The synthesis of both rutile and anatase polymorphs has been a success with high purity and no impurity peak shown by XRD result. In this research, a sample of commercial TiO2 is used to make a coin cell battery to compare the performance between other samples. The electrochemical performances are examined by CV, CD and EIS.

Keywords
Rutile; Anatase; Titanium Dioxide; Lithium-ion Battery

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/g4dGDEbYHQze

Corresponding Author
Rizki Aldino Ahmad

Institutions
faculty of mathematic and natural science, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using 1,2-propanediol as a reducing agent, and polyvinyl alcohol as a capping agent. In this present work, the effect of pH on the reduction rate and final product of AgNPs have been investigated. The particles were collected and characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and a transmission electron microscope. The results show that the pH affects the reduction rate and morphology of the particles. The reduction rate of Ag atoms increases as the pH incrases which leads to the formation of bigger particles with irregular shape. Meanwhile, when the pH was decreased, the reduction rate of Ag atoms was found to decrease, resulting in the formation of smaller particles with more regular shape. The difference in reduction rate is ascribed due to the descrepancy of the equilibrium reaction for formation of Ag atoms.

Keywords
Silver Nanoparticles, 1,2-propanediol, reduction agent, capping agent

Topic
Nano Science and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qFMQzY8yDXne

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Rifqi Muchtar

Institutions
1,3. Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia
2. Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
4,5. Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia

Abstract
Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) material is chosen as a gas sensor because of its nature which can be modified as needed. In this research SnO2 is choosen becoause of its chemical and physical stability compared to the other MOS. However for gas sensor application, SnO2 have drawbacks of low selectivity and high operating temperature. To overcome those drawbacks, the SnO2 is mixed with graphene by molar ratio 1:1, and synthesized with polyol method using ethylene glycol as solvent, at 197 oC for 12 hours. The resulting material is then settled, and calcined at 550 oC. The characterization used are SEM, TEM, EDS, UV-Vis spectrophotometers, and gas sensor performance test with CO gas. The particle size are in range of 5-15 nm. The band gap test result of SnO2-graphene is 2,94 eV which decrease 0,62 from SnO2 band gap. The detection of 20 ppm CO gas for 10 minutes result in highest sensivity of 59% at 300 oC.

Keywords
Semiconductor, SnO2, Graphene, Polyol, UV-Vis

Topic
Functional Materials

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZEvNWmnLtARQ

Corresponding Author
Husain Ahmad

Institutions
a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia.
b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM), Makassar, Indonesia.
c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.
d) Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
*suminar_pratapa[at]physics.its.ac.id

Abstract
The technical aspect of EXAFS fitting data analysis has been studied. This paper presents a comparison of the technical EXAFS data analysis using Artemis software. A set of EXAFS data from magnetite/silica core-shells was used for the benchmarking. Three approaches of analysis will be discussed in this paper namely approach A, B, and C. The analysis will only be focused on the fitting process of experimental and model data. The technical analysis of the approach A was that the selection of the photoelectron scattering path was chosen only the single scattering and all of the fitting parameters was used “guess” action. Meanwhile, approach B was similar to approach A, but k and r parameters from the Fourier transform were manually adjusted to obtain a better fitting result. The disadvantages of these two approaches are: (1) the experimental data might be formed by single and multiple scattering, (2) the action to fitting the parameters might not only “guess” because the software does not have the physical sense to the resulting values, and (3) the Fourier transform parameters should be correctly chosen before the fitting process. In the last approach, C, we demonstrated how the analysis should be performed to acquire reasonable results. The scattering path should be chosen by matching with the peak position of the experimental data. Moreover, the scattering paths might be single or multiple. Lastly, the action fitting parameters not only “guess” but can also be “edit”, “deff” etc. depending on the values and fitting results.

Keywords
EXAFS data analyses; Artemis software; EXAFS data; Scattering path; fitting parameters.

Topic
Synthesis and Characterization Techniques

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V4RAnDTP6FvE