Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Kurniasih Kurniasih

Institutions
Gadjah Mada University

Abstract
Tilapia aquaculture is well developed in Indonesia, however, the main problem which may cause loss is bacterial infection, mainly Aeromonas salmonicida which may result in furunculosis. Identification of furunculosis takes a long time and it is often confused by A. hydrophila infection. The aim of study was to produce primary antibody from local isolate of A. salmonicida, for detecting furunculosis based on immunohistochemistry staining. Local isolate of A. salmonicida was attenuated using formaldehyde to obtain the O antigen and further intraperitoneally injected to the rabbits with weekly increased dosage which were 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mL. The immunization was done in 4 weeks, and at the 5th week the blood sample was collected to make the primary antibody for immunohistochemistry procedure. The result showed that the antigen of A. salmonicida was found in the liver, kidney, spleen, gill, and intestine since the third until tenth day post infection. The reaction of antigen and antibody appeared as brown colour within the cytoplasm of those organs. The conclusion is the primary antibody of A. salmonicida is very sensitive for immunohistochemistry.

Keywords
Aeromonas salmonicida; immunohistochemistry; tilapia; primary antibody

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8FfJntHGTzKr

Corresponding Author
LARAS BUDYGHIFARI

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Thigh meat contains 7.2% fat (Dinh et al., 2011). Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke cause 17.9 million people to die or 31% of all global deaths (World Health Organization, 2017). The crude lipase enzyme extract can efficiently hydrolyze fat into free fatty acids and triglycerides. This study uses lipase enzyme from kentos to reduce fat and cholesterol in chicken meat. The study was conducted in April to May 2019 in the Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology and Chemical Laboratory of Food Quality Analysis and Supervision, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The results of this study are the optimal reaction time for the reduction cholesterol using the immobilized lipase enzyme at 60oC for 6 hours to reduce cholesterol levels by 85% and as much as 12 hours reduced by 97%. Treatment of 50oC for 6 hours can reduce fat by 60%

Keywords
chicken meat, coconut, lipase enzyme

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8b4j9wnAdBFR

Corresponding Author
Arifin Dwi Saputro

Institutions
(1)Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Cokelat nDalem, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: arifin_saputro[at]ugm.ac.id.
All authors contributed equally to the paper.

Abstract
In recent times, research in the development of foods containing probiotic is growing. One of them is research in the incorporation of probiotic in chocolate. Nevertheless, the quality attributes of the probiotic-enriched chocolate have not been fully explored. This work investigated the impact of ingredients proportion on the quality attributes of probiotic milk chocolates, more specifically moisture content, appearance, hardness, rheological behaviour and microstructural characteristics. In this study, 3 different proportions of probiotic powder were used as ingredient for Milk Chocolate (MC) 1, MC 2 and MC 3. Aside from these samples, a milk chocolate, as reference (CREF), was also produced without probiotic powder. The result showed that the chocolates containing probiotic powder (MC1, MC2, MC3) tended to have higher Casson Yield Value and Casson Viscosity than chocolate without probiotic powder. Whereas MC3 and MC4 exhibited a lower hardness, CREF and MC1 had a higher hardness value. With regard to the appearance and moisture content, all chocolates exhibited comparable values. Microstructural visualisation showed that the chocolates containing probiotic powder exhibited a higher particle size.

Keywords
probiotic chocolate, milk chocolate, rheological behaviour, hardness, microstructural visualisation

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EFdUtTze6AQZ

Corresponding Author
Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi

Institutions
(a) Department Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) jknugroho[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Petai (parkia speciosa) is a plant of the type of legumes (Fabaceae). This plant is spread in Southeast Asian countries, especially in Indonesia, which is usually consumed as fresh food. Petai production increased from 2016 to 2017 by 9.45%, so petai is very abundant in Indonesia. Petai is known to contain sulfidic acid which is strong and easily damaged like other agricultural products. This causes a decrease in physical and chemical quality so that it can reduce consumer interest. One way to maintain the quality of agricultural products is frozen. This method is the most effective drying method. The purpose of this study was to study freeze-drying methods on the physical and chemical quality of petai seeds. The material used is petai pods that have been replaced from the skin of the aris. Petai pods are processed into dry petai. The freeze drying machine used has stainless steel with a total size of 0.7 m, width 0.5 m, and height 1 m. Drying was carried out by heating 60oC at a vacuum pressure of -73.5 cmHg. The initial air content (wet basis) produced by the thermogravimetric method with three samples averaged 81.532%, after drying the air content (wet basis) decreased by 8.797%. The study sample also showed physical changes using the color of three sample seeds. The mean values of colors L, a *, and b * before drying are 53,525; -9,051; and 28.38. After drying, the values of L, a *, and b * are 59,575; -15,672; and 26,392.

Keywords
petai; freeze drying; physical properties; product quality

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TkdGFxZP2gA4

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Tahir Sapsal

Institutions
1 Department of Agriculutural Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin
2 Departmen of Plant Cultivation, Universitas Hasanuddin

Abstract
Rainfall data is one component that is widely used in research related to hydrology. However, the current source of rainfall data is sometimes incomplete. for that it is needed a rain gauge that is able to provide realtime measurements at certain locations. this tool was developed using the AquaPlumb water level sensor. testing is done by measuring the water level in a 2-inch pipe. The sensor is able to detect changes in surface height with a coefficient of determination of more than 98%.

Keywords
Aquaplumb, Rainfall, Soil Erosion

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vZ6b4g3RdVCh

Corresponding Author
Lilik Sutiarso

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
* lilik-soetiarso[at]ugm.ac.id
b) Department of Agricultural Socio-Economics Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Rice problems in Indonesia related to handling yields to consumers often lead to inequality of results for farmers as the main tier in rice production. The length of the supply chain, poor inventory management and the absence of interrelated supply-demand management make supply chain actors not integrated and inefficient. This study aim is to conduct re-engineering process of the supply chain and distribution of rice in the Province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in order to provide an overview and policy recommendations as an effort to increase farmers income and reasonable price fixing of rice for consumers. The technique of data collection is carried out by conducting surveys, interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that from the five regency sampled, Demak, Sukoharjo, Klaten, Bantul and Sleman, they had the same supply chain map, which included farmers; collectors / grinders / traders; small retailer; big retailer. Regarding the rice supply chain that is symmetrical, it is not necessary to cut off the chain of tier but by applying a more balanced business pattern by promoting symmetrical information patterns. The impact of using mechanization was increasing production and income of farmers in Klaten, Sleman, Demak, Sukoharjo and Bantul, has a positive impact to reducing time for operations in the field and decreasing operational costs.

Keywords
Reengineering Process; Supply Chain Management; Rice

Topic
Agricultural structures and environmental engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qbwENjYzG4CU

Corresponding Author
Rizki Maftukhah

Institutions
Departement of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Shallow water depth (SWD) and intermittent irrigation are methods design to reduce water use of rice plant and maintain rice yield. The objective of this study was to characterize the rice plant growth behavior of four different local rice varieties cultivated in continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent with shallow water depth (SWD) irrigation. Rice varieties i.e. Ciherang, IR64, Hitam, and Merah were grown in pot experiment with CF and SWD irrigation. Rice growth parameters such as plant height, number of tillers, SPAD, and steam hardness were observed during a season. Different rice varieties resulted different response to irrigation treatment, where Ciherang and Merah varieties under SWD irrigation were significantly improve number of tillers. However, IR64 and Hitam varieties were different. In addition, plant height, SPAD, and stem hardness were not significantly different among treatment. Rice cultivation under SWD irrigation of different local rice varieties in this experiment shows that not significantly different from CF irrigation, indicated that rice varieties can be adapted in areas with limited water availability.

Keywords
irrigation, water use, rice varieties, plant growth

Topic
Biophysics engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Tn4GU8xMce2Z

Corresponding Author
Elita Rahmarestia Widjaya

Institutions
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development, IAARD, Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia
Jl. Sinarmas Boulevard, Ds. Situgadung, Pagedangan
Tangerang

Abstract
Pelletization has been widely used for the densification of biomass. Recently, the demand for biomass fuel pellet is increasing leading to the use of agricultural waste as the feedstock alternative to the wood pellet. Currently, a commodity of rice husk pellet appears in the international market. In this study, the rice husk was developed into fuel pellet and characterized its physical and combustion properties. The pelleting used a flat-die roller type pelleting machine. The pre-treatments were reducing the size and mixing with a 4% gelatinized tapioca starch as the binder. The single pellet had an average diameter of 8 mm, length of 28.7 mm and weight of 1.8 g/pellet. The rice husk bulk density increased from 145 kg/m3 in raw form into 511 kg/m3 in pellet form. There were no significant different changes in pellet dimension after 14 days of pelleting. The combustion properties were analyzed using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The TGA analyses were conducted using oxygen at a flow rate of 50 ml/min; the heating rates were 10o/min, 20o/min and 30o/min heated up to 950oC. This study found that the ignition and the burnout temperatures were at about 276oC and 448oC, respectively. As to the non-woody characteristic of higher cellulose than woody biomass, the rice husk pellet had a higher conversion rate at lower temperatures than that of wood pellet.

Keywords
rice husk, fuel pellet, pellet dimension, TGA analyses

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9bthCR2V7f8y

Corresponding Author
Pamela Nugraheni

Institutions
Departement of Biochemistry and Molecullar Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jl Fauna No.2 Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.

Abstract
Molecular sex determination is an effective solution to determine sex because it can be done early in the growing phase of a bird and the results are more accurate. Molecular sex determination is carried out based on the chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD) gene by using NP, P2, and MP primers. The purpose of this study was to determine the sex of peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) by detecting the intron size of the CHD gene on the Z chromosome and W chromosome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA samples were isolated from feathers of 14 lovebirds belonging to bird owners, which was sent to the Biochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Amplification of the CHD gene using PCR techniques with NP, P2, MP primers electrophoresed with agarose gel 2,5%. Visualization under UV Transilluminator with a wavelength of 280 nm produce an amplicon as long as about 300-400 bp with males showing a single DNA band (ZZ) and females showing a double DNA band (ZW). Based on the electrophoresis results, it showed eight females and six males in 14 samples of lovebird used.

Keywords
lovebird, sex determination, deoxyribonucleic acid, chromodomain heelicase DNA binding, polymerase chain reaction

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CFbetMh43mp7

Corresponding Author
Yoga Murtono

Institutions
Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract The supply chain of shallot commodities in Bantul Regency involves several business actors including farmers, middleman, collectors, wholesalers, retailers and small traders. In the process of each supply chain, risks will always be encountered. The risks in each tier of shallot supply chain certainly need to be identified and analyzed. The categories of each of these risks will determine the appropriate supply chain risk management steps based on the risk categories obtained. This study was conducted to analyze the risk of shallot supply chains in the three largest shallot producing sub-districts. The Rapid Agricultural Supply Chain Risk Assessment (RapAgRisk) method is used to carry out risk analysis, and the sampling method used was purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results show that the farmer is the tier with most risks faced compared to the others. Excessive stock is the risk that requires adequate priority to manage, and it is faced by all levels of the shallot supply chain. Meanwhile, farmers are the weakest supply chain actors in bargaining power, and the small traders are the most vulnerable actors in the face of risks associated with quality damage and slow sales rate.

Keywords
shallot, supply chain, risk assessment, risk management

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9k6VUdPh3XZW

Corresponding Author
rindam latief

Institutions
Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University

Abstract
This research is carried out due to the limited information on the shelf-life of food product in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. In addition, there is no sufficient information on the self-life of packed seaweed dodol which produced by using scientific method. Seaweed dodol has a high economic value. The objective of this research was to estimate the self-life of seaweed dodol which is produced in traditional scale (micro, small, and middle scale bussiness) using the scientific method. Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) Method is one of methods used in determining the shelf life of seaweed dodol based on critical water content and graining as indicators of quality deterioration. The isotermic sorption model of products was obtained from isotermic sorption curve formed from the relationship between the values of water activity (aw) and the equilibrium moisture content (Me). Moreover, five different models of isotermic sorption were tested. They were Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin model. The results showed that the Henderson model was the appropriate model in describing the isotermic sorption phenomena at seaweed dodol with the Mean Relative Deviatian (MRD) of 1.4. By integrating the critical moisture content (Mc), packing permeability (OPP), sample weights (Ws), the surface area of packing (A) and the saturated vapor pressure (Po) into the equation Labuza, the self-life of seaweed dodol at temperature of 30 oC and RH of 78% was 56 days.

Keywords
shelf-life, seaweed dodol, Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), Labuza.

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QZwbmrhyYVDM

Corresponding Author
Rofandi Hartanto Hartanto

Institutions
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS)

Abstract
The results showed that the chemical characteristics (ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content and Thiobarbituric Acid number) of smoked catfish after storage were increased. The smoked catfish with vacuum packaging has longer shelf life than smoked catfish with non-vacuum packaging storage at 27oC dan 30oC . Non-vacuum seal has a shelf life of 6.9 days, whereas vacuum seal has a shelf life of 13 days.

Keywords
shelf life, smoked catfish, ASLT, vacuum and non vacuum seal

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HCL8ZJ6mVKME

Corresponding Author
Ifayanti Ridwan

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
This study aims to study the response of soybean plants to various scenarios of providing water and compost using the DSSAT model. This research was conducted by the Laboratory of Agro-climatology and Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. This research was conducted in February-March 2016. Simulation of the DSSAT model was determined from primary data in the form of plant management data, soil data, and other supporting data, and secondary data in the form of climate data. Based on the results of the study, the DSSAT model for simulating soybean plants can predict from each treatment the parameters of number of leaves per stem, stem weight, vegetative weight, number of pods, and pod weight.

Keywords
DSSAT, Water Supply, Compost, Glycine max (L) Merrill.

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ytNumwQDqYn4

Corresponding Author
Widagdo Purbowaskito

Institutions
a) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta,Jl. Babarsari, No. 43, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*widagdo.purbowaskito[at]uajy.ac.id
b) Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brodjonegoro No. 1, Gedongmeneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia

Abstract
Unstructured agricultural field environment and varying jobs need to be done by a tractor bring the autonomous tractor subjected into the changes of its system dynamics. Due to this condition, development of autonomous tractor yaw rate dynamics control system is a challenging study. An observer based optimal controller is employed to control the autonomous tractor yaw rate dynamics control system in this simulation study. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used as the optimal control algorithm, while the Kalman Bucy filter is used as the state observer of the autonomous tractor. This Kalman based LQR method works by combination of optimization and state estimation approaches. Based on the proposed method, the LQR control algorithm provides satisfactory yaw rate controller results, while the Kalman-Bucy filter provides satisfactory estimation results.

Keywords
Tractor;Steering;Control System;LQR;Kalman Filter

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZVkerYEGut8K

Corresponding Author
Daniel Useng

Institutions
Dept. of Agric. Engineering, Hasanuddin Univ. Makassar - INDONESIA 90245

Abstract
Rice plant as staple food especially in tropical regions. One of the major problems encountered by Indonesian rice farmer is the pest and diseases infestation, causing loss of potential yield. Yield lost in Indonesia was reported annually shows more intense. The intensive pest and diseases attack on young rice plant forced farmers to invest more on plant protection measures. Farmers sometimes unaware of the symptoms of pest and diseases presence until severe lost occurred. This research aimed to analyze the pest and disease attack and dispersion on the rice field during the planting season. The method using spatial analysis to map and determine the spreading pattern of certain disease spread over the farmland. Four type of pest attack patterns analyzed i.e. rice bug, brown planthopper, rice leaf roller and stem borer. The result shows that the rice bug, brown planthopper and leaf roller have smaller spreading patterns whole the stem borer have wider spreading pattern.

Keywords
rice plant, pest infestation, spatial analysis

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PNkRQjL289qx

Corresponding Author
Chandra Setyawan

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
*chandra_tsap[at]yahoo.com
b) Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
c) Department of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.

Abstract
Watershed assessment methods have been developed in many types of approaches and purposes. However, the assessment concepts which are explicitly considering spatial aspects of a watershed remain unclear. The present study performed a spatial modeling for watershed health assessment in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Five indicators presented in GIS raster maps such as annual rainfall, land slope, land use/land cover (LULC) types, soil types and population density were used for the assessment and applied in Progo watershed, Central Java Province, Indonesia. A quantitative scoring was applied to classify indicator value and to categorize the watershed health level in five zones (very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good). The result shows that the study site is covered by three health level zones (poor, moderate and good). About 47.85% of the watershed area has a moderate health level. While, 39.04% and 13.11% of the watershed area are covered by areas with poor and good health level, respectively. Spatially, the area with poor health level is dominated by farmland and steep sloping area. Spatial modeling enables a watershed health assessment with a more specific and understandable result for watershed problems control

Keywords
Agricultural watershed, GIS, spatial modelling, watershed assessment.

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9WwjRbfNyXPU

Corresponding Author
Tiffa Yuki Dewanti

Institutions
a) Student Master of Geography at the University of Indonesia, Depok
b) Lecturers Master of Geography at the University of Indonesia, Depok
*) correspondent author

Abstract
Indonesia has a tourist attraction that is currently starting to develop rapidly, namely farm based tourism. One of the efforts needed to develop farm based tourism is by providing agro tourism. Utilizing agriculture in tourism activities is an alternative, especially in an agrarian country such as Indonesia which has the potential of agriculture with many species diversity. One of the largest agricultural producer areas in Indonesia is West Java, especially West Bandung Districts. West Bandung Districts is one of the regions that has the potential for agro tourism development because the location is relatively cool. Most of the area is in the form of mountains with high rainfall around 1500 - 3500 mm / year so that it has fertile land, therefore the community mostly works in agriculture. The high number of farmers and agricultural production in West Bandung Districts has not been used optimally to be said as an agro tourism location. A study of aspects that affect the success and sustainability of tourist destinations is needed so that the potential in a tourist destination is known and becomes the basis for the development that will be carried out. This study uses a spatial analysis method that describes spatial patterns based on the potential of agro tourism land, and Community Based Tourism with the help of maps that will be seen in its distribution. Also using simple statistical analysis is the chi-square test to find out the correlation and then draw conclusions and describe briefly based on the research objectives.

Keywords
Spatial Patterns, Agro Tourism Potential, Community Based Tourism, West Bandung Districts

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V6nJFXuTBxd8

Corresponding Author
Gatot Pramuhadi

Institutions
Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Abstract
The objectives of the research is to determine optimum liquid fertilizing on red spinach cultivation in a greenhouse. The research was conducted from March to April 2019 at the SprayerLaboratory and in a greenhouse to determine parameters of droplet diameter, droplet density, effective spraying width, effective spraying debit, and harvested biomass weight. Spraying tools and material are SWAN F16 electric sprayer, air blower, and liquid fertilizer. Results of the research showed that the use of the electric sprayer and the use of the electric sprayer and the air blower produced minimum droplet diameter, maximum droplet density, maximum effective spraying width, and minimum effective spraying debit were 311 micron m, 706 droplet/cm2, 56 cm, and 1.99 liter/minute and 405.14 micron m, 361 droplet/cm2, 72 cm, and 2.21 liter/minute in average respectively. The use of the electric sprayer has produced maximum harvested biomass weight of 7.17 g/plant in average on walking speed of 0.9 m/s with 1.97 liter/ha liquid fertilizer dosage. The use of the electric sprayer and the air blower have produced maximum harvested biomass weight of 4.55 g/plant in average on walking speed of 0.5 m/s with 3 liter/ha liquid fertilizer dosage.

Keywords
optimization, red spinach, electric sprayer, droplet, biomass weight

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PYAFaZHd6MQW

Corresponding Author
Sapto Kuncoro

Institutions
University of Lampung

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between temperature and length of steaming of coffee beans using a closed system method to change the physical properties of seeds such as moisture content, development of volume, color and hardness. The experiment was conducted using 750 g of each Robusta coffee beans are separately steamed in an autoclave (closed system) at temperatures of 100, 110 and 120 oC for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 hours, respectively. Changes in the physical properties of seeds after steaming were analyzed using the Avrami equation model with the Microsoft Excel program. From the results of this study it was found that the higher the temperature and the longer the steamed coffee beans can increase the volume of coffee beans and water content contained, and the degradation of the color of coffee beans that are getting darker. The opposite decreases the hardness of steamed coffee beans produced. The color of the coffee beans darkens is marked by a decrease in the average value of lightness (L) from 25.32 to 10.8.

Keywords
volume increase, color, hardness, Robusta coffee, Avrami equation

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zfbCGt6gU7ca

Corresponding Author
Aisyah Ahmad

Institutions
Gorontalo Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology
Jalan Muh Van Gobel no. 270 Tilongg Kabila Bone Bolango Gorontalo
*ahmad.aisyah018[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the vegetative growth response of Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda Merah accession against drought and shade stresses. The study was conducted in Sipatana Village, West Bulotadaa Subdistrict, Gorontalo City, from May to October 2017, examined using randomized block design with 4 replications. The first factor observed was the drought treatment which consisted of two levels; irrigation until the inundation height of 1.5 cm and irrigation carried out if the potential of groundwater reaches -30 to -35.9 kPa. The second factor was shades which consisted of 3 levels; 0% shade, 25% shade, and 50% shade. The results showed that Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda merah accession was able to adapt well to drought stress, shade stress, and combination of both which were characterized by high values of plant dry weight 49,88 g under drought stress condition, 84,08 g under 50% shade condition and 44,61 g in drought + 50% shade condition and chlorophyll content 0.148 mg.g-1 under drought stress condition, 0,168 mg.g-1 under 50% shade condition and 0,202 mg.g-1 in drought + 50% shade condition.

Keywords
upland rice, shade, drought

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rwhq9QtdyrMk

Corresponding Author
Risvan Kuswurjanto

Institutions
Indonesian Sugar Research Institute

Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy appears as a promises method for faster analysis method in replacement of conventional analysis method. In this work, NIR was used as a replcement for conventional analysis method in sugarcane juice analysis.. The cane juice samples for this study were taken from the hydraulic press juice in the core sampler system at Glenmore Sugar Factory. NIR spectroscopy equipment used was FOSS DS 2500. The partial least square regression (PLS) was used to develop calibration model. The NIR results were evaluated from correlation coefficient (r2), low standard error of calibration (SEC) and high ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD). The experimental results show that for %brix analysis : r2 = 0.988, SEP = 0.333, RPD = 5.441and for %pol analysis:, r2 = 0.986, SEP = 0.283, and RPD = 6.125. The results have shown a good potential of NIR Spectroscopy for cane juice quality analysis as replacement of conventional analysis methods. ory instrument.

Keywords
NIR Spectroscopy, partial least square regression (PLS), cane juice, brix, pol

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/d6YbXPKLDTFE

Corresponding Author
Sarifah Nurjanah

Institutions
a*)Dept. Agriculture Engineering and Biosystem;
b) Dept. Food Technology -Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology;
c)Dept. Pest and Diseases - Faculty of Agriculture
Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40115, Indonesia

Abstract
Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma) has great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel production due to its high oil content. The oil is a non-edible oil that can be extracted using screw-press machine. In this study, a descriptive research with regression and correlation analysis was used to investigate the effect of feed material level on pressing performance and kemiri sunan oil quality. A variation of the feed material level (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kg) was fed into screw-press machine. The results showed that cylinder temperature and pressing time increased as the feed material level increased. The highest production (2.87 kg / hour) and yield (37.33%) capacity were obtained at 4 kg of the feed material level. Hence, increasing the feed material level did not affect the quality of the oil produced. Density, acid number, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), saponification number, kinematic viscosity and refractive index of oil produced ranged between 919.48-924.76 kg/m2, 30.82-47.79 mg KOH/g oil, 15.25-23.65%, 154.64 -186.84 mg KOH/g oil, 45.59-56.34 mm2/s and 0.00328-00.332 respectively.

Keywords
screw-press machine; kemiri sunan oil; feed material level; pressing performance

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6eUR8FTx9Ntm

Corresponding Author
Salengke Salengke

Institutions
(a)Department of Agricultural Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
*ssalengke[at]yahoo.co.id
(b)Department of Food Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
(c)State Agricultural Polytechnics Pangkep, Indonesia
(d)Department of Mehcanical Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world. Data from International Coffee Organization (ICO) indicate that total world production increased from 8.945 million metric tons in 2014 to 9.126 million metric tons in 2015, 9.462 million metric tons in 2016, and 9.580 million metric tons in 2017. Data from ICO also show that coffee is commercially cultivated in 56 countries and Indonesia with total production of about 720 thousand tons in 2017 was the fourth largest producer after Brazil (3.06 million tons), Vietnam (1.77 million tons), and Colombia (840 thousand tons). To increase the economic value of this commodity, the quality of coffee bean must be improved through both agronomic and postharvest aspects. This study was designed to develop a new ohmic-based fermentation technology for coffee cherry to improve flavor quality of coffee beans. Results of this study indicate that this technology can produce coffee with cup-test scores ranging from 84.38 to 86.88 with an average score of 85.713. This score is higher than the cup test score of luwak coffee reported by several researchers. Therefore, application of ohmic heating based technology for coffee fermentation can significantly improve flavor quality of coffee beans.

Keywords
coffee fermentation, ohmic technology, coffee quality, cup-test

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3XtaGmJEdAwu

Corresponding Author
Asih Priyati

Institutions
a) Study Program of Agriculture Engineering, Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
*asihpriyati[at]unram.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultrasonic sensors (measure the distance of rotary direction regulator for DC motors). Arduino board is preferable as the main controller due to its simplicity. Tool testing was conducted through trials on soil samples and performance tests when the tool was operating. The parameters observed were solar intensity (Lux), ambient temperature (C), RH (%), water discharge (ml/s), DC motor axis rotation (rpm), AC and DC voltage (Volt), and soil moisture (%). The tool testing showed that the designed watering system could works properly with less than 10% MAPE. When the sensor read the soil moisture value below 70% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned on. Whereas, when the soil moisture value achieved 80% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned off. Performance test was conducted for three days of observation. The founding shows that the designed automatic watering system could successfully provide as much as 2.52 litre of water during approximately 6 minutes of watering period.

Keywords
automatic sprinklers, design, soil moisture

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hqfCBbNJMcFZ

Corresponding Author
Wiyan Afriyanto Pamungkas

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1,
Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta

Abstract
Non-climacteric agricultural products are the commodity that cannot mature after being harvested so it is necessary to determine the right harvesting time to obtain the best quality. Generally, farmer will determinate the maturity of those commodities using a sound response from fruit tapping in addition to seeing the visual appearance. However, this is subjective so it is necessary to develop a more reliable and practical method. In this study, a knocker maturity detection tool had been built and was used to evaluate three types of non-climacteric commodity, namely seedless watermelon aged 51, 54, 57, 60 DAP, eggplants aged 42, 44, 46, 48 DAP and cucumbers aged 27, 28, 29, 30 DAP. The knocking sound was recorded using Audacity 2.3.1 and then analyzed the frequency and magnitude parameters using Matlab R2014b. The results obtained were related to the physicochemical parameters of the samples. The results showed that the constructed knocker was able to distinguish the level of fruit maturity. In addition, it was also known that the right time for harvesting watermelon was 89 Hz or 50 dB, eggplant 157 Hz or 54 dB, and cucumber was 218 Hz or 52 dB.

Keywords
non-climacteric, harvesting, time, acoustic sound

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vhnbc7D4KYVM

Corresponding Author
Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra

Institutions
a) Mechanical Engineering Department, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
*h.syahrul[at]unram.ac.id
b) Study Program of Agriculture Engineering, Mataram University, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia

Abstract
Mechanical dryer usually using heat from combustion and air is blown through heater to the product dried. This study was conducted used a vertical dryer. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of air temperature to drying rate and drying efficiency. The variation of the temperature used were 50C, 55C, and 60C with a tolerance of 1C with a constant mass of 20kg. The result of this study showed that the higher the dryer air temperature used, the faster the drying rate and drying time. It was found that the fastest drying rate for 60C was 0.00033804 kg/s with drying time 70 minutes. While for temperature of 50C found the longest drying rate of to reach a moisture content of 13.8% of 0.00022571 kg/s with constant air velocity of 5 m/s. The highest dried efficiency occurs at a temperature 60C.

Keywords
vertical dryer, rice, renewable energy

Topic
Energy and agricultural machinery

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aznQfB78rUpw

Corresponding Author
Putri Agustina Karokaro

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of manipulated cicada sound frequency on evapotranspiration and growth rate of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The manipulated cicada sound was exposed with a frequency of 3000Hz, 4000Hz, 5000Hz and untreated under a completely randomized design. The exposure is performed every day in 60 minutes in the coldframe chamber for 43 days. Evapotranspiration, plant height and number of leaves are parameters that can be used as indicators of plant growth. The calculation of reference evapotranspiration was done using the Penman Mointeith method. From this study, it was found that the reference evapotranspiration on in the research site had met the standard of cayenne pepper cultivation. The results showed that the actual optimal evapotranspiration of cayenne pepper occurred in plants that were exposed to a frequency of 5000Hz which was equal to a 4,95 mm/day. While the most optimal growth in plant height and number of leaves occurred in plants that were exposed to a frequency of 5000Hz with an average height growth of 3,02 cm and the number of leaves increasing by 1-2 strands within 3 days. Statistically, the exposure of manipulated cicada sound has a significant influence on the actual evapotranspiration and the growth of cayenne pepper.

Keywords
Frequency of manipulated cicada sound, cayenne pepper, growth, evapotranspiration

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/93NQJXA8fdnE

Corresponding Author
Muh Restu Ray Amir Sulaiman

Institutions
a) Food Technology, Hasanuddin University
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245

Abstract
The stages of post-harvest processing have a very large influence on the yield and quality of rice produced. At the time of grinding grain, husks and bran are often wasted and used as animal feed. Whereas, we know that the nutritional content is high. Through the process of germination of grain, the nutrient content in husks and bran can be used to increase the nutritional content of rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of grain immersion and germination on the quality of rice produced. The method of this research was germinating grains by variation of soaking and incubation time. The duration of grain soaking, 12, 18, and 24 hours and incubation time period, 18, 24, and 30 hours. The parameters of this research, including ash content, protein, thiamin, Fe, Mg, yield of rice milled, physical quality, and organoleptic test. The data of this research was processed and tested by complete randomized design with one factorial. The result showed, ash content, protein, organoleptic test (color and taste) of rice was a significantly different at 5% level on each treatment. For other parameters, thiamin and physical quality was significantly different at 1% level on each treatment. The best treatment during the germinating grains process towards the quality of rice was soaking at 12 hours and incubation time 30 hours with length of grain sprout was 1 cm.

Keywords
Rice; Grain Germinating; Incubation

Topic
Postharvest and food engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ddg2zA3NGmQ8

Corresponding Author
Sri Sutyasmi

Institutions
Center for Leather Rubber and Plastics
*Srisutyasmi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of oil on the manufacture of chrome-aldehyde combination leather on the quality of the skin. Goat pickle skin tanned by combination of chrome - aldehyde with variations of oil 2%, 4% and 6%, difinish with batik and stamp batik Finishing with batik, the skin was previously drawn with a pencil on the nerf part in accordance with the desired motif, then batik according to the motif with batik wax heated 60 - 70o C on the skin that has been patterned using canting. For stamped batik skin, batik uses a copper stamp and is also attached to the skin on the nerf. Furthermore, the skin is colored according to taste and removed from the wax uses batik wax that is rubbed on the waxed skin until the candle is released, then colored again according to taste and in lacquers. Batik skin was then physically tested, FTIR tested and skin morphology Physical test results show that the best oil use is 6% and FTIR test results, the groups in the skin of batik are C = C, C-N, and R2C = CH2. While the results of morphological testing of batik skin remain solid and when compared with the physical test the tensile strength remains high and low elongation.

Keywords
aldehyde- chrome, Batik skin, combination tanning, oil,

Topic
Other Agricultural and biosystems topic

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EaPzpKYR6TCG

Corresponding Author
Bustomi Rosadi

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung Unversity

Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) applied at late vegetative stage on yield and water productivity (WP) of Soybean grown in pots. This research was conducted in a plastic house on the Experiment Station of Lampung University from October 2018 to January 2019. Five seeds of soybean (Anjasmoro variety) were sowed in a 10L pot but three plants were removed and only two plants were maintained for further study. Water treatment levels of the RDI were DI1 (100 %) of total available water (TAW) as the control, DI2 (80 %), DI3 (60 %), DI4 (40 %) and DI5 (20 %), arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, totally 20 experimental units (pots) in this research. The water levels were maintained by replacing daily water loss with the same amount of water. After the period of treatment at the late vegetative stage ended, all plants were fully irrigated at field capacity level. The results revealed that the soybean plant started to experience water stress at week IV, and it happened to DI4 and CI5 in that they were significantly different from DI1 (fully irrigated) at p<0.05. Based on DI4 status, critical depletion fraction (p) was concluded to be 0.6, and water stress coefficient (Ks) was 0.79 on the average. Then DI3 was categorized as the optimum option because DI3 did not statistically experience water stress at p<0.05. With DI3 scheme, crop water requirement (CWR) could be significantly reduced from 38875.50 mL (DI1) to 36746.5 mL or 566.08 mm (DI3), while WP and grain yield could be maintained at maximum levels at 0.48 and 8.95 g plant-1 respectively. The WP and grain yield were not significantly different from those of DI1 at p<0.05.

Keywords
Anjasmoro variety, critical water content, crop water requirement, water stress, water use efficiency

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xZrnDThQYM8A