Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Eko Sri Sulasmi

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Baluran National Park is one of the national parks with varied ecosystems that have 444 species of plants, 13 of which are ferns. Fern are cosmopolitan plants that can be used as herbal medicines, because they produce bioactive compounds, one of which is phenol. Phenol contributes as a natural antioxidant that can protect cellular components from the oxidation process. Phenol content in different plants has the potential to have different levels. The research objective was to predict the potential of 3 species ferns as natural antioxidant based on phenol levels. Samples in the form of frond and rhizome Pteris linearis Poir, Pteris biaurita Linn. and Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum obtained from Baluran National Park. Total phenol content was tested using gallic acid as a standard solution measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH as a free radical compound. The results showed that the levels of total phenol frond and rhizomes Pteris linearis Poir were 41.74 µg / ml EAG and 21.12 µg / ml EAG; frond and rhizome Pteris biaurita Linn. 65.57 µg / ml EAG and 43.50 µg / ml EAG; leaf (ental) and rhizome of Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum were 12.81 µg / ml EAG and 17.94 µg / ml EAG. The antioxidant activity frond and rhizome Pteris linearis Poir were 191.67 µg / ml and 230.03 µg / ml; frond and rhizome Pteris biaurita Linn. 29.70 µg / ml and 80.96 µg / ml; frond and rhizome Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum were 99 µg / ml and 36.76 µg / ml. The stronge antioxidant activity was found in Pteris biaurita Linn. and Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum, while the weakest was found in Pteris linearis Poir. Based on the results of research on phenolic acid in Pteris biaurita Linn. and Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum has the potential to be a natural antioxidant.

Keywords
Antioxidant, Baluran National Park, Fern, Phenolic Acid

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2pqRXMCtZxHP

Corresponding Author
Dwi Anggorowati Rahayu

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
2) Indonesian Genetic and Biodiversity Community, Jl. Ikan Mujair No 15, Tunjung Sekar, Lowok Waru, Malang
3) Department of Biology, Borneo Tarakan University, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
4) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Healthy Science, Universitas Muhhamadiyah Sidoarjo
5) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University

Abstract
Masheer is Indonesias endangered local fish. This study conducted to characterize and mapping the phylogenetic relationship of Masheer fish from East Java, West Kalimantan, Padang and North Sumatra using a partial sequence of mtDNA 16S rRNA. PCR amplicons at 542 bp in length. The construction of phylogenetic topology was made based on ML and NJ method using Kimura-2 parameter model. Based on the phylogenetic topology showed that Tor fish from Pasuruan are closely related to Tor duoronensis from Padang with a bootstrap value of 66%, while Tor duoronensis fish from North Sumatra and Tor tambra from West Kalimantan are in separated clusters. Sequence was compared and multiple sequence alignment revealed some polymorphic sites which can be used to differentiate Genus Tor from Indonesia. This 16S rRNA gene finding has a significant contribution to indicate phylogenetic of Masheers fish in Indoensia

Keywords
mitochondrial DNA, 16S rRNA, phylogenetic, genus Tor, polymorphic site

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YDZTGvQzLqdJ

Corresponding Author
granitha chandika komsi

Institutions
1) Biologi Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Sekolah Tinggi Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.co.id
b) Ikachandika[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Based on the 2017 water quality monitoring, the Brantas and Bengawan Solo water quality conditions in East Java have decreased. According to water quality standards, indications of the discharge of liquid waste into rivers which causes polluted water. Based on water quality standards there are indications of the discharge of liquid waste into rivers which causes polluted water. One of the industrial wastes is sugar factory waste. The purpose of the research is to test the quality of wastewater to the content of PO4 levels in wastewater based on the quality limits of ministerial regulations and WHO. The research method used by conducting experiments on liquid waste with three sampling points that will be treated as much as 6 days and 3 replications are using Ipomoea aquatic (water spinach). By using post-only control group design. The results of the study revealed that phosphate levels at the beginning of the plant waste disposal showed high concentrations before being treated at 0.86 mg / L. It was known that on the fifth day it decreased to 0.61 mg / L, based on the phosphate level threshold, the phosphate level in wastewater still exceeded the threshold of ≥ 0.07 according to WHO provisions.

Keywords
phytoremediation, Phosphate, Wastewater

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NBRK8qAkDweJ

Corresponding Author
Heru Cahyono

Institutions
1Malang Birding Tour, Jln. Skam No. 578 Prigen, Pasuruan , 67157
2Indonesian Genetic and Biodiversity Community, Jl Ikan Mujair No. 15. Tunjung Sekar, Lowokwaru, Malang

Abstract
Birds photography is one of the most popular hobbies in recent decade. Indonesia has the largest number of endemic Pitta species, favorite birds for photographers especially for Pitta Chaser. Involving local wisdom in bird conservation is the best way to conserve birds in their habitat due to forest degradation and illegal trading. The aim of this research is to involve local people in the conservation of Javan Banded Pitta, Elegant Pitta, Sumba Pitta, 2 sub-species of North Moluccan Pitta, Ivory-breasted Pitta, and Sula Pitta trough Pitta Photography Tourism. This research was conducted in six islands which consist of supporting habitat of 7 kind of Pittas, i.e R. Soeryo Forest Park, Kerandangan Forest, Gamalama Mountain, Aketajawe Lolobata NP, Matalawa NP, and Peleng Island. This research took place from August 2016 to July 2019. The method used was field observation and descriptive analysis. The study showed that Pitta Photography Tourism is the best way to involves local wisdom in Pitta conservation. Feeding places are made by local people in every spot to protect the birds existence. This way, local people will preserve their habitat to get extra income from this tourism, and their awareness has increased concerning other endemic birds in their area.

Keywords
Pittas, birds photography tourism, local wisdom, feeding places.

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JAT7E43K9Zgn

Corresponding Author
Mimien Henie Irawati Al Muhdhar

Institutions
1) Biology Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Department of Educational Foundation and Social Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
3) Biology Education Study Program, Universitas Khairun
4) Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b) acil[at]unkhair.ac.id

Abstract
Plastic accumulation in the ocean creates environmental issue. It is a habit of people of Ternate Island to throw garbage away to the ocean because they consider the ocean as a dump place. The research aims to classify types of plastic waste in Ternate Island ocean. The research location includes Bastiong, Kota Baru, Gamalama, Mangga Dua, Kalumata, Kastela, Kampung Makassar, Koloncucu, Sulamadaha and Takome. The research method used is an explorative survey method and direct collection of types of macroplastic waste dispersed in the coastal area and Ternate Island ocean. Data is analyzed descriptively by performing a classification based on the types to describes the types of the plastic waste. Microsoft Excel 2010 is used to calculate the percentage of the plastic waste types. The research result indicates that pastic waste in the Ternate Island ocean is categorized into 7 (seven) categories, namely: plastic bottles, plastic bags, plastic glasses, plastic food packaging, plastic bottle packaging, kitchen ware, toys, plastic straws and plastic straps. The plastic waste is found at sea level and seabed. Marine biota uses the plastic waste such as bottle as a shelter and to lay eggs.

Keywords
plastic waste, ocean, Ternate Island

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EAv6gBqM3Tey

Corresponding Author
Wira Eka Putra

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
2Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University

*Corresponding Email: hendrabio[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The effect of the smoking alter the broad biological system and causing the negative effect including cardiovascular diseases, immune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. On the other hand, numerous strategies to suppress the dependency to the cigarette has come to its limit. Therefore, the new approach to face the undesired outcome is necessary. This study aims to evaluate the pharmaceutics potencies of bioactive compounds from several Indonesian medicinal plants. The 2D structure of poliherbal compounds were collected and prepared for the docking processes. On the other hand, the 3D structure of human α-3 NAchRs protein was retrieved from PDB. Virtual screening approach was occupied to observe the molecular interaction among ligands and the targeted protein. The value of binding energy was used to determine the potency of poliherbal compounds as inhibitor candidates against α-3 NAchRs protein. The result of this study showed several compounds that might possible as inhibitor against α-3 NAchRs. Here, we classified the top three compounds that have minimum energy binding, namely Asiaticoside (-12.2 kcal/mol), Orthosiphol B (-9.8 kcal/mol), and Panduratin A (9.0 kcal/mol). Our finding suggests that the poliherbal might potential as complementary supplement for smoker to avoid the adverse effect of cigarettes.

Keywords
Cigarette, human α-3 AchRs, poliherbal compounds

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WL7U6JRDkpYr

Corresponding Author
Siti Nur Arifah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Single Garlic Oil (SGO) extract contains organosulfur compounds such as S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (alliin), allicin, Z-ajoene, and E-ajoene. This study aimed to observe organosulfur compounds in SGO extract as medicinal plant to decrease inflammatory signaling caused by high fat diet (HFD) consumption. Twenty-four adult males of Balb C mice were divided into six groups: normal diet, HFD treated with statin 26 mg/kgBW, HFD without treatment, HFD treated with SGO 12.5 mg/kgBW, HFD treated with SGO 25 mg/kgBW, and HFD treated with SGO 50 mg/kgBW. Indicators of inflammatory status in the study were liver weight, liver morphology, spleen weight, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum, and expression of TNF-α in aorta. Liver weight and spleen weight in SGO treatment group showed a significant decrease compared to HFD without treatment group (P < 0.05). SGO also showed that it could reduce hepatic steatosis compared to HFD without treatment group on hepatic tissue of mice. The level of SOD was significantly increased in SGO treatment group compared to HFD without treatment group (P < 0.05). SGO has the ability to increase antioxidant activity of SOD resulted in the reduced of the level of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in serum and expression of TNF-α in aorta, the reduced of the liver and spleen weight and the improvement of hepatic steatosis. These results indicated that SGO can be well considered as an alternative treatment to decrease inflammatory signaling caused by HFD.

Keywords
Single Garlic Oil (SGO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/y38Ee9xbTRDc

Corresponding Author
Tutut Indria Permana

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*tutut.indria[at]umm.ac.id

Abstract
The lead (Pb) contamination occurred in waters brings detrimental effect to human-s life. As one of the most essential natural resources widely used, the waters exposure with lead harms human body system in term of increasing risk disease factors such as cancer, stroke, memory problems, as considerable as high blood pressure. One of the alternative solutions for this issue is utilizing microalgae as bioremediation agent. This study investigated the bioremediation potential of Pb using marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. This comparative study employes five lead concentration waters i.e. 0.5; 0.7; 0.9; 1.1; and 1.3 ppm. The data gained was then analyzed by calculating the percentage efficiency of absorbed Pb by N.oculata. The results showed that within seven days culture, the highest efficiency occured in the treatment of 1.3 ppm water. Thus it can be concluded that N.oculata is able to be a bioremediation agent for Pb water contamination.

Keywords
bioremediation; lead contamination; microalgae; Nannochloropsis oculata

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ue6fmtT9zhrx

Corresponding Author
Nur Fitriana

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Current breast cancer treatment has shifted to using natural ingredients such as C. zedoaria high potential and low side effect. Previous studies have identified that compounds in C. zedoaria are capable as anti-proliferative, increasing apoptosis and anti-metastasis. However, information the mechanism of roles its active compound for CXCR4 inhibition in the carcinogenesis process unknown. C_X_C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). CXCR4 has been reported to play an important role for prognosis and potential drug target in breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze the potential effect of active compound from C. zedoaria as breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents through CXCR4 inhibition. Binding affinity analysis through molecular docking shows that 11 active compounds have the potential inhibiting CXCR4 with smallest binding affinity and same binding site with Chalcone and Epirubicin. However, Stigmasterol, Campesterol, and β-sitosterol have lowest binding affinity than the other active compound. Protein interaction analysis illustrates that CXCR4 can interact with various protein, including CXCL12, STAT3, and JAk2, used as a diagnostic marker and poor prognosis factor for cancer. These data indicate that active compounds from C. zedoaria highly potential as anti-breast cancer. Additional research is needed to validate above data.

Keywords
Breast cancer, C. zedoaria, CXCR4

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zpK8xFhA9nuq

Corresponding Author
Esha Ardiansyah

Institutions
Faculty of Math and Science, Univesitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Diabetes Type 2 caused by insulin resistance. The majority of insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycemia and obesity. Obesity is caused by high fat diet and causes side effects of fatty liver. Fatty liver will cause toxic lipid metabolites to increase, causing liver mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Liver mitochondrial dysfunction results in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and SGOT enzymes will be released into the bloodstream, which results in increased SGOT in the blood. The purpose of this study was to study the combination of purple sweet potato extract and black soybean tempeh on liver cell necrosis and level SGOT. Rats made Type 2 DM with permeate High Fat Diet (HFD), 10% sucrose and Streptozotocin (STZ) injection intraperitoneally Multiple Low Doses. The treatment was carried out for 30 days with 8 treatment groups. Surgery is take blood samples and liver organ to be prepared. Blood is centrifuged to get blood serum. The serum was mixed with SGOT reagents and measured the absorbance using spectrophotometric methods. Preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method to see the percentage of liver cell necrosis. The results of the study after analyzing one-way ANOVA showed that purple sweet potato extract and black soybean tempeh had a significant effect on reduced the SGOT levels was 168 U/L and percentage of necrotic cells was 32,4%. In the future, it is expected that black soybean plants can be used to be processed into large-scale tempeh and marketed to surrounding communities and the rate of diabetes can be prevented.

Keywords
Purple sweet potato extract, Black soybean tempe extract, SGOT levels, Liver cell necrosis, DM Type 2.

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Njvexq6Wr8yp

Corresponding Author
Chairul Irawan

Institutions
(a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University
* cirawan[at]ulm.ac.id

Abstract
The utilization of Alabio potato (Dioscorea alata L.) as a typical South Kalimantan potato can be used as the main raw material in the form of starch, which is then transformed into liquid glucose. The manufacturing processes goes through two stages, namely liquification using the α-amylase enzyme and saccharification with the enzyme β-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to produce functional antioxidant liquid glucose. This study focuses on the effect of percentage of Alabio potato starch (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, m/v) in the liquefaction process, the concentration of β-glucosidase enzymes in the saccharification process (0.8, 1 and 1.2 mL /kg of starch) and determine the optimum concentration of cinnamon extract (3, 5 and 10 g/100 mL of water) in its activity as an antioxidant liquid glucose. Alabio starch was dissolved in Ca2+ solution and heated at 85 oC, after 330 soluble/α-amylase enzymes were added to complete dissolution and continued with heating at the same temperature for 1 hour then filtered. After obtaining a dextrin solution, the next process is saccharification by adding a certain concentration of β-glucosidase enzyme by treating 100 rpm shaker for 60 hours to produce a glucose solution. The amount of glucose/reduced sugar in the sample was analyzed by the DNS method. The optimum percentage of glucose was obtained from the results of liquefaction with 10% starch and saccharification with a concentration of β-glucosidase enzyme of 1.2 mL/kg of starch with a liquid glucose concentration of 59.16 mg/mL. FTIR analysis showed that antioxidant liquid glucose has hydroxyl functional groups of C-O, C-H and O-H at wavelengths of 1560.11 cm-1, 1720.22 cm-1, and 3520 cm-1. Antioxidant liquid glucose activity showed the optimum performance at cinnamon extract concentration was 5 grams. DPPH free radicals of 56.72% were consumed for 5 minutes and reached 57.60% for 10 minutes. Liquid glucose produced has the potential as a substitute for glucose sources (i.e. sugar crystal) with antioxidant content from cinnamon extract.

Keywords
Alabio potato, antioxidants, cinnamon extract, liquid glucose, saccharification.

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6yX8H7fnRwpd

Corresponding Author
Qurin Nikmaturrohana

Institutions
a) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
*srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition of excess body fat accumulated which can interference healthy. Indonesian prevalence of obesity at the 2018 is 31,0% and can increase every year. Obesity caused by excess calories and sugar which affect high 11β-HSD1 activity in sugar metabolism regulated by glucocorticoids, however that activity can be inhibited by providing a 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Alliin, allicin, and ajoene from single bulb garlic (Allium sativum) is indicated able to inhibit 11β-HSD1. The aim of the research is predict alliin, allicin, and ajoene as 11β-HSD1 inhibitor for obesity drugs candidate using in silico method. The research performed with physicochemical properties analyze, PA test, pharmacokinetics test and molecular docking of alliin, allicin, ajoene and control drug BVT-2733. The results showed that alliin, allicin, and ajoene have a good oral bioavailability, antioxidant potential, lipoprotein disorders treatment, and lipid metabolism regulator. Based on pharmacokinetics test absorption, distribution and excretion is high and the toxicity is low. The molecular docking show the same binding site and amino acid residue with control drug BVT-2733, the type of bond formed is a hydrogen and hydrophobic bond. The conclusion showed that single bulb garlic has potential to be an oral drug candidate for treating obesity.

Keywords
Obesity, 11β-HSD1, Alliin, Allicin, Ajoene, and In Silico

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zm6WrMjRzGVF

Corresponding Author
Suharti Suharti

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
As we know keratin is a structural protein. Keratin can be obtained from chicken feathers. At present, chicken feathers are one of the great potentials of waste because of its abundance and very cheap. CMC has a similar structure to cellulose. Cellulose has a very abundant amount in nature and its existence as waste and CMC is a derivative of natural cellulose polymers that are easily degraded naturally. This paper reported our preliminary work on developing novel composite biofilm from both natural biopolymer to provide novel environmentally friendly biomaterials. Keratin solution was prepared from chicken feathers by the acid method. Variations in the number of CMCs were used to see differences in biofilm rigidity. The size of keratin in the biofilm can be measured using a PSA, SEM and FTIR are used to see the presence of keratin embedded in biofilm. Based on the results of the PSA analysis, the size of keratin found in keratin solution was 1570.8 ± 26.30437 nm. In FTIR analysis, biofilms with CMC – keratin content showed an absorption peak in the area of 1240 cm-1 - 1546 cm-1 which was an amide band with keratin which could combine well with CMC. SEM shows the surface structure of CMC – keratin biofilms forming a fibrous pattern. The homogeneity of keratin in biofilm is analyzed using XRD while its resistance to temperature is measured by TGA. With the presence of keratin as a sturdy fiber and CMC as a supporting matrix can produce biofilm that are strong and environmentally friendly

Keywords
biofilm,cmc, keratin

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uXRTkmMGw9vN

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

2 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Abstract
In the last decades, doxorubicin has been widely used for cancer treatment combined with magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, the development of utilization of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier for cancer treatment becomes essential to be done. In this work, we report the preparation of Fe3O4/PEG nanoparticles combined with curcumin as drug delivery agent for doxorubicin. The samples were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR, XRF, and UV-Vis spectrometer. The data analysis of the characterization showed that the spinel crystal structure was detected for both Fe3¬O4/PEG and Fe3-O4/PEG/curcumin. However, the presence of curcumin leaded to decrease its crystallinity and didn-t change significantly the particle size. The functional groups of Fe3¬O4/PEG sample were evaluated at the wavenumber 587.285 cm-1 for Fe-O. The wavenumber of 1108 cm-1 and 2883 cm-1 were originated from C-O-C and C-H. Meanwhile, for the Fe3¬O4/PEG/curcumin sample, despite the functional groups of Fe-O, C-O-C, and C-H, the functional group of -OCH3¬ at the wavelength of 1153.4 cm-1 was detected originated from curcumin. Moreover, based on the drug loading and drug release characterizations for doxorubicin, the Fe3¬O4/PEG and Fe3¬O4/PEG/curcumin exhibited good performance as drug delivery carrier.

Keywords
Fe3O4, PEG, curcumin, nanoparticle, drug carrier.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fvLwDPq79TAu

Corresponding Author
Ella Rahmawati Hamiatin

Institutions
1) Biology Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.co.id
b) ellaaramawati[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Preservation of natural resources in Subak Guama, must pay attention to ecological balance. Subak plays an important role in the development of agriculture in Bali. One of them is the management of water resources and soil fertility not only the responsibility of the government but also the responsibility of the local community The purpose of this study is to conserve natural resources through ecological balance based on the fertility of land and water resources. The research location was in Subak Guama, Tabanan, Bali Province. The research method used is an exploratory survey method by conducting an ecological survey based on the level of land hunting and water quality that has been carried out by Guama Subak members. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire for implementing the Ecology component. Data were analyzed descriptively. Each ecological component is described to obtain components that have a significant effect on the preservation of natural resources. The results showed that the preservation of soil resources had a significant effect on cropping patterns, pesticides, and fertilizer composition. Preservation of water resources has a significant effect on the management of irrigation networks and water harvesting.

Keywords
Ecology, Subak, Natural Resources

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8qmPybxLErGj

Corresponding Author
Sofia Ery Rahayu

Institutions
Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl. Semarang 5 Malang
* sofia.ery.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Elementary school students have a tendency to become infected with intestinal nematode worms. Research on the prevalence of nematode eggs in elementary school students in Tulungagung Regency has not been done much. The aim of the study was to find out the species of intestinal nematode worms and their prevalence in elementary school students in Tulungagung Regency. The research sample was in the form of intestinal Nematode eggs found in the fingernails of Pagerwojo and Ketanon elementary school students of Tulungagung. The students nail clippings were drained by a 15% NaOH solution and then centrifuged. The sediments obtained were observed with a microscope 40x10 magnification. Worm eggs found were identified. The results of the study found worm eggs Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. The highest worm egg prevalence (32.9%) in Pagerwojo students compared with Ketanon studensts (14.68%). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides worm eggs in Pagerwojo students was higher than Ketanon students. T. trichiura worm eggs were only found in Pagerwojo students. Based on the results, the intestinal nematode eggs found in the nails of elementary school students in Tulungagung. Monitoring the personal hygiene of elementary school students needs to be done regularly to prevent infection with helminthiasis.

Keywords
Nematode, worm eggs, elementary school

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/T8yda4upjZhM

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nutrition Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: pontang.gs[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Modified Dried Skimmed Milk Coconut Oil (Modisco) III formulation is a high protein liquid food for severe malnutrition nutrition therapy in phase III (rehabilitation phase). Soybean is well-known as one of the foods that contains high protein with complete amino acids. This research was conducted in order to analyze the quality of protein of Modisco III formulation addition with soybean flour. The true experiment design of randomized pre test-post test control group for 24 Wistar rats male that had been made into severe malnutrition condition. There were divided into 4 group: group 1 was treated with standard food (AIN-93), whereas group 2, 3, 4 were treated with low protein food (cassava-based food). After getting severe malnutrition, group 3 was given Modisco III Formulation with 25% soybean flour addition and group 4 was given combination of Modisco III Formulation with 25% soybean flour addition (80% of total daily food) and cassava-based food (20% of total daily food). Protein Efficiency Rate (PER) was used to analyze protein quality. Data was analyzed with Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis test with 0,05 significant level. The result showed that PER each group were 1,78+0,01 (Group 1), 0,88+0,08 (Group 2), 1,47+0,04 (Group 3), and 0,33 + 0,02 (Group 4), respectively. There were differences between group significanly (p=0,0001), and group 3 had the closest PER with group 1. Soybean flour might able to being altenative high protein ingredient for Modisco formulation to improve nutrition status.

Keywords
Modisco, soybean flour, PER, malnutrition

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t8qH934uwa2X

Corresponding Author
Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti

Institutions
Laboratory of Genetics and Breedings, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
The need for high nutritional fruits such as melon continues to increase in Indonesia. Melon also becomes a source of income because it has marketing prospects and high interest from the society. Begomovirus is one of severe disease which often cause a decrease of fruit production. Until now there were only two cultivars which were claimed to have resistance against Geminivirus, ‘Gracia- and ‘Madesta-. Furthermore, the Faculty of Biology UGM has developed several varieties of melon which was expected to become resistance against Begomovirus. The aims of this research was evaluate the resistance of 9 melon genotypes to Begomovirus infection using symptoms observations and molecular detection. Melon samples was inoculated by insect transmission inside screenhouse and observed every 3 days for 4 weeks. Symptoms severity was revealed as vulnerability index. Furthermore, the results of symptom observations was confirmed using molecular detection. The results showed that no cultivars was truly resistance against Begomovirus. ‘Gracia-. ‘Tacapa GB-, and ‘Tacapa Silver- showed tolerance response against Begomovirus while the others only categorized as moderate susceptible. All infected samples which identified by symptoms observations also amplified DNA virus when tested using PCR. Molecular detection was promising fast and reliable detection for Begomovirus infection.

Keywords
melon; Begomovirus; resistance response; PCR detection; symptom severity

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KUF4twRYTrLd

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Badrut Tamam

Institutions
a) Division Genetic and Molecular Biology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Gresik, Indonesia

b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University

c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan

d) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang

*Corresponding author: violdhea[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Abstract. This research aims to reveal the potency of bioactive compound contained in Iponema batatas leaf as inhibitory agent to protease dengue virus through computational study. The target protein in this study is NS2B/NS3 serine protease. Furthermore, the 3D structure was obtained from PDB. In the same way, the 2D structure of several bioactive compounds of Iponema batatas leaf were collected from PubChem. The visualization and data analysis were performed by using the pymol software. Iponema batatas bioactive compounds have potency as inhibitor NS2/NS3 serine protease. According to the in silico analysis, dehydroabietinol have lowest free energy binding, but refer to the result of analysis of protein-ligand domain interaction of the all compounds showing that the protein-ligands have two type of chemical interaction namely hydrogen bond and hydrophobic. All of the compounds have hydrogen bond cannot be interacted with catalytic domain, but hydrophobic interaction can be interacted to target domain, via Ser135 by δ-Selinene and His51 by α-Caryophyllene. Finally, we conclude that δ-Selinene and α-Caryophyllene might have potencies as therapeutical drug for dengue.

Keywords
α-Caryophyllene, δ-Selinene, Ipomea batatas, NS2/NS3 serine protease.

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2CvYyug6H9dN

Corresponding Author
SUTINI SUTINI

Institutions
UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Secondary metabolite of epigallocatechin gallate is a polymeric ester compound from epigallocatechin and gallic acid. This secondary metabolite of epigallocatechin gallate is found in the Camellia sinensis L plant which is bioactive that can be an antioxidant and capable to prevent cancer. The problem of the epigallocatechin gallate-s existence from plants depends on: the height of the land from the sea level, the condition of the environment temperature,and it requires an intensive care and its production level is relatively low. Therefore, the technology of production of epigallocatechin gallate is needed through in vitro culture techniques. This technique is environmentally controlled, is effective in cultivation and only requires a limited area. The purpose of the study was to obtain a secondary metabolite production technique of epigallocatechin gallate through in vitro culture by optimizing the medium and giving precursors. The method to reach the research objectives are: (1) initiation of callus by immersing the explants from leaf pieces on the growth medium that is being added by growth regulating hormones. (2) Stimulating callus culture by giving cinnamic acid precursors. (3) Callus growth testing. (4) Qualitative testing of the epigallocatechin gallate morphology from callus. (5) Quantitative testing of epigallocatechin gallate from callus. The conclusion of this study is that callus products that are composed of epigallocatechin gallate are produced. The implication of this study is that the use of cinnamic acid precursors in the in vitro culture technique of Camellia sinensis over a relatively short period of time can increase callus wet weight

Keywords
cinnamic acid precursors, epigallocatechin gallate, in vitro culture, secondary metabolite

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RBYrmM3Xu7Jn

Corresponding Author
SITI NABIHAN ISHAK

Institutions
Department of Biosciences, Faculty Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Malaysia

Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesis zeolite from kaolinite as a source of silica and alumina by exploring the effect of different crystallization temperatures at 100˚C, 120˚C, and 140˚C in a hydrothermal condition. This work focused on the phase transformation and morphological changes from kaolinite to zeolite using hydrothermal technique. The characterization of starting material, intermediate, and final product were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The characterization results showed the transformation of kaolinite to amorphous metakaolin after calcined at 900˚C and in the presence of sodium hydroxide as activating agent; the amorphous metakaolin was successfully reconstructed into synthesized crystal zeolite. Synthesized zeolite type A was produced at 100˚C while sodalite was synthesized at 120˚C and 140˚C. Following this, the synthesized zeolites were modified with silver ion by using ion exchange method. Disc diffusion technique (DDT) revealed that silver ion-exchanged zeolite showed significant antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. It was found that, zeolite can be synthesized using economical raw material and modified with silver ion to enhance its antibacterial activity.

Keywords
Zeolite, Kaolinite, Silver, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eYamXMzT6VjK

Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayu Lestari

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no. 5 Malang, 2 Biology Department, Faculty f Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the effects of a single garlic (Allium sativum) oil (SGO) on the activation of regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: The study was conducted with 24 BALB/c male mice divided into six groups consisting of four mice each, i.e., control group (non-HFD, no treatment), HFD group without treatment, HFD administered with simvastatin, and three HFD groups administered SGO doses of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg, respectively, and continuously treated (with SGO) for 45 days. The relative number of regulatory T cells, IL-10 and TGF β were measured using flow cytometry. Results: HFD decreased the expression of regulatory T cells, and the production of IL-10 and TGF-β compared to the control group. SGO (50 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the activation of regulatory T cells and production of TGF-β in mice fed high-fat diet compared to simvastatin group. The dose of 25 mg/kg SGO significantly increased the level of IL-10 in mice fed a HFD.

Keywords
high-fat diet, immune systeme, single garlic oil

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fLzwxZ8EaPJv

Corresponding Author
Dini Sri Damayanti Damayanti

Institutions
Universitas Islam Malang

Abstract
Soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn.) as an anti-inflammatory substance: an in silico study Damayanti D.S, Firdaus R.S, Hanum S. Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang dinisridamayanti@unisma.ac.id Googlescholar ID: E3KD1GEAAAAJ ABSTRACT Soursop leaf essential oils and ethanol extract are known to have anti-inflammatory effects, but it is unclear how these effects work. This study aims to analyze the anti-inflammatory potential of soursop leaf essential oils and ethanol extract by the inhibition of COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) using an in silico study. Molecular docking between the active ingredients of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) essential oils and ethanol extract against the target protein (COX-1 and COX-2) was done computationally. We measured free bond energy (ΔG) and hydrogen bonds on the amino acid residues. Inhibition potential was indicated by low free bonding energy and the presence of hydrogen bonds on the same amino acid, compared to the control, indomethacin. β-caryophyllene, trans-caryophyllene and linalool were predicted to have a weak potential to inhibit the COX-1 protein, in a manner similar to the control. Linolool was predicted to have the ability to inhibit COX-2, in a manner that was almost the same as the control. Rutin, nicotiflorin and quercetin had a weak potential to inhibit the COX-1 protein. Anonaine had the ability to inhibit the COX-2 protein in a manner close to that of the control. In conclusion, soursop leaf essential oils and ethanol extracts have a weaker ability to inhibit COX-1, but have the capability to control and inhbit COX-2.

Keywords
Annona muricata Linn., COX-1 enzyme, COX-2 enzyme

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8Qv3VYXgUkZE

Corresponding Author
Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati

Institutions
a) Division of Ecology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat No. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, East Java, Indonesia
*aisyahramadani47[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Jl. Gajayana No. 50, Lowokwaru, Malang, 65144, East Java, Indonesia
c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, Lowokwaru, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
c) Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat No. 4, Gresik Regency, 61171, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Mangga Podang is an important local mango cultivar for economical aspect, especially at Kediri Regency. Mangga Podang found at Kediri Regency which spread in five sub-districts namely Semen, Mojo, Banyakan, Grogol, and Tarokan. However, the distribution and special traits in morphological character of the local Mangga Podang on the Kediri Regency have not been widely informed. This study objectives to determine the distribution maps and identify the morphological character of local Mangga Podang in five sub-districts on the Kediri Regency. This research used purposive sampling method for collecting data. Coordinate of local mango was taken by GPS, then the data was analyzed using QGIS software version 2.18. Morphological characters are examined by observing the morphology of leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds. Microclimate factors that were measured are altitude, intensity, temperature and soil moisture, soil pH, and soil nutrient. Morphological characters from five sub-districts in Kediri Regency were analyzed for homogeneity by statistical test. The results showed that Mangga Podang distribution has spread in residential areas and has different altitude factors between 85-459 meters above sea level. The total population found in this study were Mojo with 10 (11.9%), Banyakan 17 (20.23%), Grogol with 8 (9.52%), and Tarokan with 51 (60.71%). Mangga Podang from five sub-districts of Kediri Regency generally have homogenous morphological characters, but there were the special character which differs each other, they are the number of flowers in 1 panicle, the weight of ripe fruit and exocarp color of ripe fruits. This morphological variation dependent to light intensity, altitudinal, the velocity of wind and soil nutrient factors.

Keywords
Spatial distribution, morphology character, Kediri Regency, Mangga Podang local, altitude factors

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/awExZzVHuDKG

Corresponding Author
Vivi Novianti

Institutions
1 National Institute of Ecology, 1210, Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do,
33657, Republic of Korea

2 Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool,
L69 3GP, UK

Abstract
We used the seedling emergent method using the soil sample itself to study of the vegetation change and regeneration strategy after flooding in river ecosystem, the effect of prescribed burning and grazing on wetland vegetation in Blanket Bog moorlands, UK, and the spread of alien invasive plants during road constructions. In the river ecosystem, it has a low similarity between above-ground vegetation and soil seed banks. However, there are species have been found only in soil seed banks without above-ground vegetation, therefore the soil seed banks are regarded to support biodiversity. In addition, the formation of soil seed banks and ground-level vegetation in the stream has been simplified after the flood, but it has been studied that the flood functions to maintain the native vegetation of the stream as the number of aquatic plants has increased. The Blanket Bog moorlands in the UK are well-developed peat layers that play an important role in controlling the global carbon concentration. In the second study, we proposed the appropriate intervals of prescribed burning to maintain Sphagnum species, the main species forming peat layers, and the Calluna vulgaris community, which provides important ecosystem services. Finally, the dispersal trend of alien invasive plants along the road was studied using the hand sorting seed count method. The alien invasive plants introduced during the road construction and they tend to spread according to the movement of the vehicle and the road conditions. We found that the unique ‘tubular- structure of the road enables the long-distance dispersal in a relatively short time. As such, the study of seed banks in the soil can be applied in various ways, providing a clue to the solution of phenomena occurring in the ecosystem. There are considerations, such as the inability to identify all seeds in the soil samples and the fact that the dominant above-vegetation species may differ from the soil seed bank in an ecosystem. However, there are advantages such as providing information for predicting potential vegetation, and it takes relatively short time with less than 4 months, in common, to evaluate.

Keywords
seed bank, ecosystem, characteristics,

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jUVBcDN4axvh

Corresponding Author
Wiko Arif Wibowo

Institutions
a) Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
b) Laboratory of Animals Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
One of the common symptoms of cancer is the cells growth abnormaly. Currently, cancer treatment was conducted by chemotherapy. Doxorubicin was commonly used for chemotherapy through the TOP2A inhibition pathway. However, long-term use of Doxorubicin is thought to have a negative impact in the form of cardiotoxicity and multi drug resistance. Cucurbitacin compounds are natural ingredients which are generally produced by the Cucurbitaceae family plant. There are various types of Cucurbitacin compounds which are generally believed to have anti-cancer activity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for anti-cancer in various types of Cucurbitacin compounds using in silico approach. DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha protein (TOP2A) was obtained from Protein Database (GDP) while a model of the compounds Doxorubicin and Cucurbitacin A, B, C, D, E, F, and I was collected from the chemical molecule database (PubChem). Molecular docking analysis was carried out using PyRx, while the analysis of DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha interaction with each ligand was analyzed by PyMol. The results showed that in general the whole Cucurbitacin compound tested had potential as an anti-cancer compound, with the highest bond energy value of -9.0 in Cucurbitacin I. Those value was higher than the control which was only -8.9.

Keywords
Cucurbitacin; Doxorubicin; TOP2A; Bioactive compound

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BN6edMHLfutG

Corresponding Author
Wira Eka Putra

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang Malang.
2) Laboratory of herpetology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor.

*Ibrohim.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
**Amir.hamidy[at]lipi.go.id

Abstract
Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko, Linnaeus 1758) is a small country lizard animal that has a diverse skin color that is decorated with red spots to orange on its back. The study of variations in morphology is very important in various aspects, especially in describing the definition of a species. This study aims to determine the morphological variations based on morphometry and meristic of Gekko gecko in each population. In this study PCA and UPGMA analysis were carried out. The design in the study begins with the measurement phase of 24 morphological characters. The results displayed will be eigenvalue tables, scatter plot graphs and dendograms. The results obtained were then analyzed descriptively. A total of 122 samples of Gekko gecko (male = 81; female = 41) originating from various populations showed a number of character variations between individuals and populations. On certain islands have dominant characters in each population even though these characters are also found in other populations with relatively small values. Gekko gecko in the six populations illustrates overlapping groupings and no significant or dominant character has been seen so that no special character can be found that can be used as a diagnostic character in the Gekko gecko population in a particular population.

Keywords
Tokay gecko, population, morphological variations

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J6dq2cLKPru3

Corresponding Author
Zainul Hidayah

Institutions
Trunojoyo University of Madura

Abstract
Collisions or harsh shifting plates accompanied by an earthquake in the ocean area would pose a potential tsunami. South Coastal Malang is one of the areas prone to tsunamis. This study aims to determine the vulnerability of the area and the resilience of coastal communities Gedangan subdistrict, Malang against tsunami. The method used in the determination of the class of vulnerabilities is weighted overlay with the four elements, namely elevation, slope, distance from the beach and the distance from the river. In the comprehensive results indicate very low susceptibility 188.63 Ha, 7470.46 Ha low, medium 1026.63 Ha, 649.72 Ha high, and very high 201.38 Ha, with a total area of 9536.84 Ha. The method used in the determination of community resilience using CCR (Coastal Community Resilience). CCR method is a method that is performed to determine communities resilience in the face of disaster by distributing questionnaires and scoring. CCR resistance element is composed of government, social and economic life, coastal resource management, structural design and land use, knowledge of the risks, warning and evacuation, emergency response, and recovery after a disaster. RESULTS resistance element that is below standard (3) is a government elements (2,62), social and economic life (2.66), the design of the structure and land use (2.51) and disaster recovery (2.35). Thus the need for recommendations to improve community resilience element so that in accordance with the standards.

Keywords
vulnerability, tsunami, resilience, coastal community

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vgVcXbLQuzJd

Corresponding Author
Ari Priharta

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang
STUST, taiwan

Abstract
A new S2 and S3 sounds detection by using heart rate signal taken from dorsalis pedis artery as a reference is presented in this paper. The aimed of this approach is evaluate the accuracy of the S1 and S2 sounds detection by using dorsalis pedis pulse measurement as reference. The dorsalis pedis pulse were measure by using MAX 30100 sensor controlled by microcontroller, meanwhile the heart sounds were capture by using ECG device. The measurement were taken for 5 minutes for totally 10 male and 10 female subject-s age 20 years. This experiments has been conducted for several times and the average were calculated and compared to the existing solution. The proposed approach gives a small error compare to the common S1 and S2 detection, which mean that the proposed detection method is acceptable as a promising solution.

Keywords
dorsalis pedis, heart beat, heart sounds, S1, S2

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/chACbP9pU7qr

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
11Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
3Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri, Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
4Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore

*)Corresponding author: nandang.mufti.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Copper Indium Gallium Selenium (CIGS) is one of high-performance solar cell among the other second generation of solar cell. The common method to fabricate CIGS solar cell use vacuum method such as evaporation, vapor transport deposition and electron-beam deposition that require high technology investment and expensive. The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesize of CIGS thin-film using a non-vacuum method as CIGS ink and coated by spin coating. The CIGS ink was synthesized by dissolving copper (II) acetylacetonate, gallium (III) acetylacetonate, and indium (III) acetylacetonate with oleylamine in a nitrogen atmosphere and then the solution was mixed with selenium and heated. The ITO substrate was coated by ZnO layer and then coated by CIGS using a spin coating method to make CIGS solar. The samples were characterized by XRD for crystal structure properties, SEM-EDX for morphology and chemical element analysis. The optical properties were performed by UV-Vis spectrometry. The results show that CIGS was successfully synthesized. The photoresponse and power conversion efficiency solar cell of the CIGS/ZnO film will be discussed.

Keywords
CIGS film, solar cell, photoresponse, the power conversion efficiency

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KBMCZN2gfjr6