Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Siti Rofida

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The microorganisms that cause infections can mutate due to excessive antibiotic exposure. One of the new drug search strategies is through exploration of active ingredients derived from plants that have been used empirically by the community. Moringa oleifera L leaf is a plant that has been used and has been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and antihypertensive activities. Moringa oleifera L leaves contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols. The purpose of this study was to obtain active ingredients from the leaves of Moringa oleifera L which will be used as a Standardized Herbal Medicine product in the treatment of infectious cases. In order to get the active ingredient as an antibacterial, multilevel extraction is carried out using different polarity solvents, so that a fraction containing nonpolar, semipolar and polar compounds will be obtained. Antimicrobial potential will be tested on each fraction using the disk diffusion method. The results of identification of the compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction show the class of compounds Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Polyphenols and Anthraquinone while in the ethanol fraction Moringa oleifera L. leaves show the compounds of the compounds Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Polyphenols and Anthraquinones while in the ethanol fraction Moringa oleifera L. , Polyphenols and Anthraquinone. Antimicrobial activity is shown in the ethyl acetate and ethanol fraction in both Staphylococcus aueus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Keywords
Fractionation, Moringa oleifera leaves, secondary metabolite compounds, antibacterial

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aufMUpe9XkCE

Corresponding Author
Riski Sulistiarini

Institutions
(a) School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia, 40132
kikyidris[at]gmail.com; riskisulistiarini[at]student.itb.ac.id
(b) Pharmacy Faculty of Mulawarman University, Jl. Gn. Kelua, Samarinda, East Borneo, Indonesia, 75243
(c) Biotech Center BPPT, Building 630 PUSPIPTEK Area, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314

Abstract
This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effects of Fibraurea tinctorial plants on DLD1 colon cancer cell lines in vitro and determine the IC50 values of these plants. The test begins with cell-line culture in the DMEM medium. Cultures that were ready with an estimated concentration in fresh media of 2.5x 104cells / 200uL were exposed to 0.4uL test material in 0.1% DMSO with concentrations starting at 6.25 ppm; 12.5 ppm; 25 ppm; 50 ppm; 100 ppm; 200ppm; 400ppm; 800ppm; and 1600ppm which was then incubated for 48 hours. The results are from methanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and HA and HB subfraction from Fibraurea tinctorial plants, only HB subfaction which shows inhibitory activity against DLD1 colon cancer cell line with 28% at 1600 ppm concentration

Keywords
Anticancer; dld1 Celline; Cytotoxicity Assay

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qGF8garjmeRQ

Corresponding Author
Uswatun Chasanah

Institutions
1Department of Pharmacy, Health Science Faculty, University of Muhamamdiyah Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
uswatun,dianerma[at]umm.ac.ud, bagasapril4,anggara.dika96, ayu7662[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Traditionally, the crushed bulbs of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) used for wound healing due to naphthoquinone compounds found in the bulbs of Dayak onion can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that cause skin infection. To improve the ease of using the bulbs of Dayak onion as drugs for the treatment of wounds that need to be made in the appropriate dosage form is a topical hydrogel, hydrogels contained Dayak onion extract at a level of 2%, 4.5%, and 6.0% were made then determined its characterization which included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and spreadability, determined of antibacterial activity by a well-diffusion method. The higher levels Dayak onion extract resulted in hydrogels which homogenous, sharp color intensity, more aromatic, decreased viscosity, and increased spreadability while for pH was not different, while the highest antibacterial activity achieved by Dayak onion hydrogels 6.0% which had antibacterial effectiveness to the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 59.2%, 49.5%, and 63.1%, respectively, and as control was tetracycline HCL 1.0%. Thus, the Dayak onion hydrogels 6.0% is the best.

Keywords
Eleutherine palmifolia, Hydrogel, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EzMQHqpduwrg

Corresponding Author
Firasti Agung N Sumadi

Institutions
a) Pharmacy Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
*firasti[at]umm.ac.id
b) Center for Application of Isotopes and Radiation, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
c) Department of Medicine, Universitas Jendral Soedirman
d) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
e) Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
Chitosan is odorless white powder derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin which is a polysaccharide consisting of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Chitosan is commercially available in several types and has molecular weights that vary between 10,000 and 1,000,000. Chitosan has positively charged basic chain that can easily form nano complex with nucleic acid in this case including negatively charged microRNA. MicroRNA has a large role in the regulation of cancer signaling tissue so that a therapeutic approach is needed to restore balance of dysregulated miRNA. The nature of microRNA which is very susceptible to enzyme degradation requires a special system so that it is competent to deliver microRNA into the cytoplasm. One of the factors that influence the efficiency of transfection of chitosan nano complex with a nucleic acid to body cells is molecular weight. In this research,the chitosan molecular weight reduction method was carried out to increase nano complex delivery using gamma-ray irradiation. Furthermore, characterization was carried out to determine the irradiated chitosan molecular weight using intrinsic viscosity then proceed with FTIR analysis to determine changes in chemical structure and applied further by using it in nano complex formulations with microRNA 155-p, a microRNA that experienced downregulation in ovarian cancer thus requiring mimic therapy. Results showed a decrease in chitosan molecular weight after being irradiated from 110,188 dalton to 15,209 dalton while FTIR spectra showed a break of the 1-4 glycoside bonds which was equivalent to severance of the main chain of polysaccharides. Electrophoresis results showed that irradiated chitosan was able to form nanocomplex with microRNA 155-5p but transfection was not able to deliver microRNA 155-5p into the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.

Keywords
. irradiated chitosan; nano complex; microRNA

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/r7kRN9jGChed

Corresponding Author
Rollando Rollando

Institutions
aProgram of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung,
Malang, Indonesia
bProgram of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung,
Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Endophytic fungus was alternative source of cytotoxic metabolites derived from plant. CHCl3 fraction of ethyl acetate extract endophyte fungal genus Fusarium sp. of meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) proved have cytotoxic activity in T47D breast cancer cells. This study aims to explore the active cytotoxic activity. IR, LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, and HMQC spectra showed ,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one compounds. Isolate has IC50 value to T47D cells of 13.87 μg/mL and to Vero cells of 163.98 μg/mL.

Keywords
Endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp, T47D, Vero, 2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one.

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nwErALMyZaDk

Corresponding Author
Dyah Rahmasari

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Background: Cymbopogon nardus is a traditional plant that has chemical content of citronella oil with potential antibacterial activity. Antibacterial peel-off mask is very easy to applicate on face. Objective: This research aim is to develop and characterize the antibacterial peel-off mask gel containing citronella oil. Method: This study used an experimental method. The peel-off mask was formulated using 8%, 10%, and 12% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a gelling agent. Evaluation of peel-off mask including physical characteristics (organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, film drying time), chemical characteristic (pH value), stability and antibacterial activity. Result: The organoleptic properties showed that the citronella oil peel-off gel mask was white, aromatic and had a soft texture. The variation in PVA affects the pH value, viscosity and film drying time of the peel-off mask, significantly. Stability test showed that all peel-off mask was no significant changes physically in the freeze-thaw method, but there was some color change and phase separation in the real-time method. The peel-off mask containing citronella oil using 8% PVA has the highest inhibition against Propionibacterium acnes almost the same with the positive control (clindamycin gel). Conclusion: Variation concentration of PVA in the formula was affected on the physical and chemical characteristics and antibacterial activity of the citronella oil peel-off mask gel, significantly. The preparation using 8% PVA gives the best formula with optimal results.

Keywords
citronella oil; peel off mask gel; stability; antibacterial activity

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j9hwGLTEzdKX

Corresponding Author
Aghnia Fuadatul Inayah

Institutions
1 Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga
3 Dr. Iskak General Hospital Tulungagung

Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be defined as impaired kidney function that occur for > 3 months or more. This was indicated by a decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (<60 ml / minute / 1.73m2). CKD stage 3 has frequent hyperphosphatemia, a complication of the disease. The effects of hyperphosphatemia are the bone minerals connection and tissue calcification process. Phosphate binder was one of therapeutic options that can be used to hyperphosphatemia. This study aims to determine the design therapy of phosphate binders used by CKD patients at hospitalization services of General Hospital Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. An observational research and retrospective. The presentation data has used descriptive of the medical record patients CKD hospitalized in the period Juli to December 2017. Phosphate binder has been used as a single therapy without combination, 130 patients (77%) used calcium carbonate, while 11 patients (7%) used calcium acetate, and of 27 patients (16%) had received switching therapy. The hyperphosphatemia therapy regimen used more calcium carbonate orally (3x500mg) in 121 patients (62%) than calcium acetate orally (1x169mg) in 16 patients (8%).

Keywords
phosphate binder; chronic kidney disease; calcium acetate, calcium carbonate

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uhFwfbeBJGmV

Corresponding Author
Dian Ermawati

Institutions
Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Background: Citronella oil is the most active oil against Propionibacterium acnes. An emulgel preparation is made on a carbomer base because it has better release properties of the active substance compared to other bases. Objective: to determine the emulgel variation with carbomer base 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% containing 2% Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.) on the physical, chemical characteristic and the inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria growth . Methods: Emulgel with carbomer base made 3 formulations, namely F1 (0.5%), FII (1%), and FIII (1.5%) with citronella oil content of 2%. The physical characteristics of the organoleptic, viscosity, homogeneity, dispersal, emulsion type, pH and stability (real time and freeze thaw) tests were performed. Antibacterial testing using the well method. Result: The organoleptic tests on FI (0.5%), FII (1%), and FIII (1.5%) were soft, white and has lemongrass odor. The results of one way Anova statistic showed that there were not significantly different for pH, dispersion, stability (freeze thaw and real time). The viscosity test was significantly different. The diameter of the inhibition zone of each formula has a mean of formula 1 was of 12.65 mm formula 2 was 11.58 mm and formula 3 was 10.25 mm. Conclusion: The conclusion of this experimentally is the effect of variations in emulgel on the basis of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% carbomers containing 2% Citronella Oil on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria has significant difference which means that increasing carbomer levels it can significantly reduce the zone of antibacterial inhibition.

Keywords
emulgel, citronella oil, Propionibacterium acnes, carbomer

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MD9bnW7YdkQy

Corresponding Author
Amaliyah Dina Anggraeni

Institutions
a) Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Bendungan Sutami Street No 188A, Malang, Indonesia

*Amaliyah[at]umm.ac.id

Abstract
Pomegranate is tropical fruit contains antioxidant compounds such as ellagitannin, punicalagin, and tocopherol. Punicalagin has antioxidant EC50 54.2 ppm. This study aims to formulate and evaluate peel -off mask containing pomegranate extract. Dosage formulation of peel off mask made in various concentrations of white pomegranate peel extract that F1(1%), F2 (2%) and F3 (3%) with PVA and PEG 1500 as based. Further preparation peel off mask evaluated physical and chemical characteristics and stability during storage. The result showed that the F3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and had good physicochemical properties than the other formulas event only F1 showed good stability while storage for 28 days. The increased concentration of white pomegranate (Punica garanatum L.) extract had an effect on antioxidant activity of white pomegranate peel extract peel-off gel masks

Keywords
White Pomegranate Extract, Peel-off Gel Mask, antioxidant

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xQ6dchVatBAR

Corresponding Author
Raditya Weka Nugraheni

Institutions
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga
2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam 60286, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
This study evaluated the role of HPMC to inhibit mannitol crystallization in air-dried liposome formulation. HPMC has been used in solid dispersion to prevent crystallization of several drugs. The mannitol and HPMC were included in the developed formulations with 4 different weight ratios and air-dried at 40ºC for 120 h. Liposome was composed of SPC:DDA:Chol (9:3:1 in molar ratio). XRD data showed crystalline-forming properties as function of mannitol and HPMC ratio. The formula with highest mannitol:HPMC ratio (4:1) showed most obvious crystallinity, while the lowest ratio (2:3) indicated amorphous solid. DTA analysis found that the later formula showed broad endothermic peak at 150-170ºC, indicating amorphous solid. SEM data supported these results where no crystalline structure was observed in the later formulation. The rest (2:1 and 4:3) formula showed partially amorphous and partially crystalline. From XRD and DTA data, there are two polymorphs of mannitol observed in the formulations, delta and beta-mannitol. From the findings, it can be concluded that incorporation of HPMC as dispersion matrix potentially inhibits crystal formation in the developed formulation.

Keywords
Liposome, Air-Drying, Mannitol, HPMC, Crystallizations

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3YeGmZ4wxzAD

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Shobrun Jamil

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder fraksi etanol daging buah Limonia acidissima secara kualitatif dan menguji aktivitas antimikrobanya pada Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Metode Penelitian: Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan mengeluasi ekstrak pada silika gel dengan eluen n-heksan : etil asetat. Plat KLT hasil eluasi kemudian disemprot dengan penampak noda; Alkaloid: Pereaksi Dragendorff; Terpenoid: Pereaksi anisaldehida-asam sulfat. Plat dipanaskan dengan suhu 100°C; Flavonoid: Pereaksi H2SO4 10%; Polifenol dan tanin: Pereaksi FeCl3 10%; Antrakuinon: Pereaksi KOH 10% dalam metanol. Adapun uji antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml dengan kontrol nistatin dan Kloramfenikol. Hasil dan Kesimpulan Hasil skrining fitokimia fraksi etanol Limonia acidissima dapat dideteksi kandungan alkaloid, terpenoid, antraquinon, dan saponin. Hasil uji antimikroba diperoleh data bahwa fraksi etanol Limonia acidissima memiliki aktivitas hambat yang semakin meningkat dari 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, dan 100 mg/ml.

Keywords
antimikroba, fraksi etanol, Limonia acidissima, skrining fitokimia

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rEH9yCR3JAzY

Corresponding Author
Eva Monica

Institutions
(a)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
(b)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia
(c)Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Villa Puncak Tidar N-01, Malang 65151, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Sunlight consists of ultraviolet (UV) light and based on its wavelength, the UV light could be categorized into UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA has the longest wavelength of 320-400 nm and causes skin cancer in the epidermal layer. On the other hand, UVB with a wavelength of 290-320 nm gives an effect on the epidermis and dermis layer causing the skin to burn. Organic Ultraviolet (UV) filters can be found in plants and fruits which have orange-red or pink colours, such as watermelon, tomato, secang (Caesalpinia sappan), carrot, dragon fruit, faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br), strawberry, papaya, and rosella. Most of these plants contain active compounds such as carotenoids and anthocyanin. Determination of the effectiveness of the extracts as potential sunscreen was carried out by determining the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value in vitro by UV spectrophotometry. Maceration technique was used for the extraction process by using ethanol with a ratio of 4:1. Each of dried extract (100 mg) was then mixed well in the ethanol (96%, 50 mL) until all the extract was dissolved and then filtered. The absorbance of each extract was measured in the wavelength range of 290-320 nm and the interval was set at 5 nm. The SPF values were determined by the Equation of Mansur. It was observed that all of the red pigmented extracts showed UV protection capabilities, with secang extract gave the highest SPF value of 18.490. Therefore, the secang extract would have good potential to be developed as one of the ingredients in the sunscreen cream. Sunscreen cream combination between secang extract and ZnO showed good quality and significant SPF value than ZnO and extract secang sunscreen cream.

Keywords
SPF; red pigment; natural extract; organic UV filter; secang, ZnO

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vR4ewfnYDKCH

Corresponding Author
Nurul Aini Rahmawati

Institutions
a) Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
b) Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia on Diabetes is one of risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High glucose induced increases of Reactive Oxygens Species (ROS) Production. High free radical can induce oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. In Previous studies, PsP of Ganoderma lucidum has been proven as an antioxidants, anti endothelial dysfunction and no toxicity in animal model. Aim: This study aims to prove the effect of PsP of Ganoderma lucidum as a potent protective endothelial vascular, and antioxidant in STEMI and STEMI patients with diabetes as a risk factor. Method: This clinical trial study conducted to 50 patients according that diagnosed STEMI, NSTEMI and Diabetes, with pre- and post-test control group design. The parameters are MDA, SOD, CEC, and EPC counts. The patients were given PsP 750 mg/day in 3 divided dose for 90 days. Patients divided into two group randomized, one group were given PsP Ganoderma lucidum, and another group were given placebo. Dependent T-test was performed for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test was performed for abnormally distributed data with significance level of p≤0.05. Results: MDA level significantly decreased with P=0,03 in PsP group patients, SOD significantly increased with P=0,000 in PsP group patients, EPC count significantly increased with P=0,016 in PsP group patients, CEC count significantly decreased in PsP group patients with P= 0,02. Conclusion: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides is a potent protective endothelial vascular, and antioxidant against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in STEMI and NSTEMI patients with diabetes as a risk factor.

Keywords
Diabetes, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant, Ganoderma lucidum

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DQgPEqv3yfVe

Corresponding Author
Dian yuliartha Lestari

Institutions
(a) Pathology Anatomy Department, Medical Faculty, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
dianyuliarthalestari[at]gmail.com
(b) Medical Student, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Background: Allergy is a hypersensitivity induced by exposure to certain antigens that cause dangerous immunology reactions on the next exposure. There is a new innovation as antiallergy, one of them is apple because it contains quercetin. Quercetin are believed to have an influential effect on human health, that of antiallergy and anti-inflammatory activity. Mast cells are part of the connective tissue that has the pseudopod to mobilize one to lung tissue. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Malang Apple Cider (Malus sylvestris) on decreasing the number of mast cells in the lung of an allergic induced rat. Method: Experimental research using Post Test Control Group Design. Samples were white male Wistar strain rats which were divided into 5 groups, each group contains 5 rats. The positive control group was induced with ovalbumin through intraperitoneal and inhalation. Besides ovalbumin induction, treatment groups were also given apple cider with doses of 15%, 20%, and 25%. Lung tissue was taken and then paraffin blocks were created and stained using Methylene blue staining and evaluated with the microscope in 40 x magnification. Data was analyzed using One Way Anova. Results and discussion: Statistical results showed there were no significant (p = 0,079 > or p 0.05). This decline is due to the levels of Quercetin in apple cider can prevent Unfortunate degranulasi cell mast. However, the decrease was not significant occurs due to several factors, including the strength of apple cider, the absorption in the intestine, stress factors, and environmental circumstances. Conclusion: the unfortunate Apple Cider (Malus sylvestris) were not effective in decreased the number of mast cells in the rat lung induced allergen.

Keywords
Malang Apple Cider, Mast Cell, Ovalbumin, Allergic Reaction

Topic
Pharmaceutical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Pf24VkYrdvcL