Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Charles David Marudut Silalahi

Institutions
Universitas Sumatera Utara

Abstract
This paper investigates euphemism strategies used in Batak Toba-s Mangongkal Holi tradition. Since Mangongkal Holi is the highest level of tradition in Batak Toba society, it is very important to acknowledge the community and others through the cultivation of oral tradition values found in it. Self-participant observatory, in-depth interview as well as the focus group discussion occurs as the method of collecting – organizing – analyzing/verifying the data of the research. It shows that there are ‘figurative-, ‘part-for-whole-, ‘overstatement-, ‘understatement-, ‘metaphor-, ‘general-for-specific-, and ‘jargons- which can be attributed to cultural and religious beliefs and values. The study also reveals that there is no relationship between euphemism strategy choice and gender. Another significant finding is that Euphemistic language, like language in general, is influenced by its users- cultural and religious beliefs, life-styles, and norms.

Keywords
Euphemism Strategy, Mangongkal Holi Tradition, Oral studies

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YWyELXg9zkPa

Corresponding Author
La Ode Nggawu

Institutions
English Education Department of Halu Oleo University

Abstract
Muna language as other languages has certain phonemens. It is one of the aspects causing one language differs to others. This paper tries to explore the phonemes in Muna, a language which is used in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data was collected through participant speaking and scrutinize methods, and analyzed using apportioned methods. Muna language has 5 (five) vowels, namely /i, a, e, o, u/. These vowels can be realized in long sounds, such as [i:], [a:], [e:], [o:], and [u:]. Besides, Muna language has 15 dipthongs, namely /ai/, /au/, /ae/, /ao/, /ia/, /iu/, /ie/, /io/, /ea/, /eu/, /eo/, /oa/, /oe/, /ou/, and /oi/. Related to consonant, Muna language has 19 consonants, namely /b/, /ɓ/, /p/, /d/, /ɓ/, /t/, /g/, /ĝ/, /k/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /f/, /s/, /h/, /l/, /r/, /w/, and /y/, and 8 clusters, they are /ns/, /nt/, /nd/, /mb/, /nk/, /ƞk/, /ƞg/, and /mp/. Besides, there is not any consonant that place the final position. It means that Muna is categorized as vocalist language.

Keywords
phonomes, vowel, consonant, cluster

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LFEenyVG6NqK

Corresponding Author
Rahmatan Idul

Institutions
State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia
rahmatan_idul[at]ung.ac.id

Abstract
Applying van Leeuwen-s critical discourse analysis, the objective of the present study was to critically account for the use of linguistics features in excluding social actors involved in Hassan Rouhani-s international speech delivered in front of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Data sourced from one of Israel official websites (www.timesofisrael.com). The relevant use of the language was noted and identified based on the objective of the study. In the next stage, data were then analysed through van Leeuwen-s framework ‘Social Actor Analysis- which was developed using paraphrase technique. As the result revealed, Rouhani-s linguistic choices underscored the use of passivization, nominalization, and infinitive clause to exclude certain social actors in his speech. Building upon the fact that this analysis sheds light on the exclusion of social actors, it can be concluded that the use of passivization and infinitive clause can be considered as Rouhanis attempt to indirectly present the actors involved without mentioning them in the construction of the sentence, whereas the use of nominalization aims to shift the focus of the audience from the social actors to the social actions.

Keywords
Exclusion; Social Actor; Passivization; Nominalization; Infinitive Clause

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LHEWGzdT6bjR

Corresponding Author
Dyana Wijayanti

Institutions
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Abstract
In studying the exponent equation, high school students are confronted with the concept of exponent equations and applications in doing exercises on exponent equations. This is also reflected in the textbooks students use. Remembering books is an important factor in learning. So, what about the state of the textbook that contains the material exponential equations? The book used in this study is a student textbook that can be downloaded at bse.kemdikbud.go.id. To find out the state of the textbook, researchers will use the theory of praxiological organization. In analyzing the textbook, the researcher uses a reference epistemological model which is then compared with the praxeological organization in the textbook. Although this research is limited to praxeological analysis and does not consider the existing curriculum. However, it is hoped that this research can describe the state of the textbook. The results of this study indicate that in the theory of exponent equations in textbooks are not given a detailed explanation why and how a formula can be obtained. Also, in practice the questions only contain application problems from the formulas that have been provided, not problems that are related to the theory of exponent equations. From the results of the research it is expected that the teacher as a mediator between students and textbooks can provide explanations or additional links with questions that are not in the textbooks.

Keywords
exponent equations, textbooks, praxelogy organization

Topic
Other Related Topics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ufc9YtE6nmBQ

Corresponding Author
salniwati salniwati

Institutions
(a) Bengkulu University
(b) Halu Oleo University,
(c) Halu Oleo University,
(d) Halu Oleo University,
(e) Halu Oleo University,
(f) Halu Oleo University

Abstract
Abstract There are many ways in transferring the message from the source language to the target language in translation activity. This research investigated dominant translation method and the reasons used by the students at one of department of Halu Oleo University. Descriptive quantitative used as method with random sampling taken of 25 students from 35 students as the population. The data collection technique was observation with the instrument of observation sheet. The technique of data analysis used collecting data, verification, analysis and drawing conclusion. The research result showed that dominant method used to deliver the message from source language (Indonesia) to the target language (English) was free translation with total of 16 students. The rest was 7 students used literal translation, semantic for 1 student and 1 student used word for word method. The reason of using dominant method was because free translation gave priority more to the content or the message of source language than its structure with the aim of message clearer received by the user. It concludes that whatever method used in translation, the most importation makes equivalent message from the source language text to the target language text because every language has own cultural aesthetic.

Keywords
Key Words: Translation Methods; Source Language; Target Language

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Mgz7hwfJFEp9

Corresponding Author
Evi Chamalah

Institutions
(1) Sultan Agung Islamic University
Semarang State University
Semarang, Indonesia
chamalah[at]unissula.ac.id
(2) Semarang State University
Semarang, Indonesia
(3) Yogyakarta State University
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Semarang State University
Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
Folklore is a kind of literatures that is beneficial for readers. One of benefits of reading folklore is to improve the development of children including holistic, moral, language and social aspects. Besides, folklore could be used as a biblioteraphy method. The biblioteraphy method or the so-called reading teraphy method was conducted in many stages. The first stage was providing motivation about the benefits of folklore; the second stage was the activity of reading folklore; the third stage was incubation as providing some time to the children to think about the folklore they read; the fourth stage was the follow-up by sharing opinions so a new idea could arise; finally the fifth stage was evaluation that could be in forms of drawing conclusions.

Keywords
metode biblioterapy, cerita rakyat, anak usia dini

Topic
Early Childhood Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EqRukHeJfmcB

Corresponding Author
Slamet WIYONO

Institutions
Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional,Yogyakarta. INDONESIA
Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional,Yogyakarta. INDONESIA

Abstract
Each language has its own uniqueness. English is unique as compared with Bahasa Indonesia which has no tense system. These languages can be used to academically convey meanings. The position of English in Indonesia is at the expanding circle (Kirkpatrick, 2007), that is communicated as a foreign language. From the viewpoint of teaching and learning, the position of Indonesia is of the advantage. The uniqueness of Bahasa Indonesia makes the Indonesians learning English get much exposure to the target language, that is English. The teacher should be able to make the learners do a lot of practice in using English since they mostly speak their vernacular or their national language outside the classrooms (Wiyono: 2017). The learner-centered teaching process is supposed to be able to solve the above problem because there is a lot of opportunity for a teacher to let the learners be exposed to the language they are learning. This means that the learners get a lot of practice and actively participate in the teaching learning process. This is in line with Nunan (1998: 2) who states that the difference between the teacher-centered and leaner- centered teaching is that the latter makes learners be involved in the content related to the curriculum. The teacher is not the only source. He is a facilitator and is only one of the sources. (Suparno: 2005)

Keywords
learner-centered, exposure, freedom

Topic
Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3DqWcT9ZtnfL

Corresponding Author
aida azizah

Institutions
1) A Lecturer at Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Program of Islamic University of Sultan Agung; A Doctoral Student of Indonesian Language Education at Sebelas Maret University
2,3,4) A Lecturer of Sebelas Maret University

Abstract
Abstract Indonesian language teaching has been developed based on the character-building approach. One effort made to develop and instill the character-building values to students is by optimizing a literary appreciation through fairy-tales in the learning process at school. The character-building values integrated in the fairy-tale textbooks are stated in the material content presentation and learning activities. However, the textbooks used in the learning activities have not completely provided the character-building values. This research is aimed to describe character-building values contained in the Indonesian fairy-tale textbooks for junior high school students. The data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and document analysis. The method research was descriptive qualitative. The data validation test used triangulation test. The data analysis technique used interactive data analysis. The result of the study showed that the textbooks used by junior high teachers have not completely provided character-building values in the fairy-tale appreciation materials.

Keywords
Keywords: character-building, textbooks, fairy-tale appreciation.

Topic
Other Related Topics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kfPymZzWJF24

Corresponding Author
Eli Rustinar

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu

Abstract
SWEAR IN BENGKULU-MALAY LANGUAGE IN BANTER PRESPECTIVE Eli Rustinar Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu elirustinar@umb.ac.id ABSTRACT In society, mostlyswear is prohibited from being used freely in the public because the nature of swearing is attacking. Swear is rude words that violate the principle of politeness implicature.The realization of politeness in the swear of Bengkulu-Malay languageas can be seen in the results of Rustinar (2017) and (2018) showed thatthe language spoken is a rude word, mencarut, a swear in the form of anger but also can be found swear in the form ofjokes with the intention of friendship, intimacy, and affection. Jokes or banter in the pragmatic science of Leech (1993:228) is a way to offendin a friendly manner (mock-impoliteness). This banter principle is the least important communication principle, but it is manifested in casual conversation, especially among young children when they are swearing. The implication of banter is contrary to the politeness implicature, which is to show solidarity with t, say something to t which is (i) clearly untrue, and (ii) clearly disrespectful. The research method is qualitative with a distributional study method. Source of data comes from the library references, the research results, and the field data. The data is a swear of the Bengkulu-Malay language. Whiledata collection methods and techniques are carried out through the written observation method with recording techniques and introspection methods. Data analysis uses the distribution method. The results showed thatthere were 14 swear data could be found as a banter.

Keywords
Swear, Bengkulu-Malay Language, Banter

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M7uF4bgvQaqA

Corresponding Author
Choiril Anwar

Institutions
English Education Department, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using total physical response in improving vocabulary mastery of private Islamic junior high school students in Semarang. In this study, the researchers used quasi experimental research design which included pre-test, treatments and post-test. Population in this research choosen by the researchers was 129 seventh grade students of an Islamic private junior high school in Semarang. Meanwhile, two classes of that grade were taken as the sample. In collecting data, the researchers used test of vocabulary. SPSS measurement system was used to analyze the collected data. The result of the study showed that the pretest mean score of experimental group was 51.54 while the pretest mean score of the control group was 50.46. After the treatments, the posttest mean score of experimental group was 76.31 while the posttest mean score of the control group was 63.85. It can be said that there was a significant difference between experimental class and control class in the result of postest. It was supported by the Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.000 (< 0.05). So Ha was accepted meaning that there was a significant difference in the mean score of students-s vocabulary test achievement between experimental group and control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of total physical response was effective to improve private Islamic junior high school students-vocabulary mastery.

Keywords
Total Physical Response; vocabulary mastery; private Islamic junior high school students

Topic
Other Related Topics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vYhyK47fkDGz

Corresponding Author
Jafar Lantowa

Institutions
State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia
jafar.lantowa[at]ung.ac.id

Abstract
Folklore is a story of the past that is the hallmark of each region that contains the cultural and historical diversity. Folklores whose stories are similar are South Kalimantan folklore "Telaga Bidadari" and Makassar folklore "Taman Bidadari". Because of these similarities, the author examined further the structure of the two folklores to find similarities and differences. This study aimed to determine the similarities and differences in structure contained in the South Kalimantan folklore "Telaga Bidadari" and Makassar folklore "Taman Bidadari" in the form of themes, characters and characterizations, plot, setting, and message. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative research method. This study was conducted by noting the quotations of events contained in the two folklores, then analysed them through structure and comparative literature studies. The result showed similarities in the elements of theme and plot, and differences in the elements of characters and characterizations, settings, number of characters, and number of conflicts.

Keywords
Folklore; Structure; Comparative Literature

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EcDUk62TCdaF

Corresponding Author
Ansor Putra

Institutions
(a) Halu Oleo University
(b) Halu Oleo University
(c) Halu Oleo University
(d) Halu Oleo University
(e) Halu Oleo University

Abstract
Wakatobi is an acronym for the names of four islands in Southeast Sulawesi, namely Wangi-Wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko Islands. The language spoken by the people who live in the area is the Wakatobi language. This language, according to previous researchers, belongs to the Austronesian language family within the Muna-Buton-Wakatobi sub-family (Fernadez, 2014). The evidence regarding the classification of Wakatobi as a language in the Austronesian family needs to be elaborated. Therefore, this research is very important. This research is a qualitative research which is studied diachronically by using a top-down reconstruction. This approach is intended to see the inheritance of the Austronesian Proto to the languages in the Wakatobi Archipelago. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the inheritance of Austronesian Proto etymon to the languages in Wakatobi was in the form of retention and some were experiencing innovation. Forms that experience retention include *ana> ana; *ama> ama; * ina> ina; *kutu> kutu; *mata> mata. The forms that experience innovation are *laŋit> laŋet; *wulu> wulu; *isa> asa, *qenay> one.

Keywords
Diachronic Linguistics, Austronesian Proto, Languages, Wakatobi

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rb6VkQTWKJaA

Corresponding Author
Joseph Carlton Lovestrand

Institutions
Yayasan Suluh Insan Lestari

Abstract
Designing orthographies is a challenge because each orthography needs to be adapted to the language and to the society that will use it. Two examples from very different parts of the world illustrate how the process of orthography design must be localized: Barayin (Chad, Africa) and Kodi (Sumba, Indonesia). Phonologically, on challenge in the Barayin orthography is that it must find a way to represent contrastive tone. In Kodi, most words can drop a syllable in many contexts. The Kodi orthography rules must decide if the language should be written the way it is pronounced, or if syllables that are not pronounced should still be written. Government involvement in Chad is primarily through a set of guidelines. For example, they recommend the letter for the palatal nasal sound /ɲ/. The Kodi literacy program has received support from the Indonesian government through a grant from the INOVASI project, and by allowing government teachers to use Kodi books to teach mother tongue literacy in local schools. The Barayin literacy project is organized by a community-based organization, ADPLB. ADPLB raises grassroots support, recruits volunteers, trains teachers, and makes decisions about how to write the language and what books to publish. In Sumba, there are no local organizations dedicated to literacy. Orthography design benefits from several kinds of partners. Governments, researchers, non-profit organizations (yayasan), and community-based organizations. Each type of organization has its own role to play in order to successfully develop orthographies for mother tongue literacy in previously unwritten languages.

Keywords
orthography, mother tongue literacy, Barayin, Chad, Kodi, Sumba

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9nujdWNJDyLY

Corresponding Author
afrinel okwita

Institutions
Universitas Riau Kepulauan

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explain the culture of acculturation forms in the wedding of melayu peoples in terong island and descript factors and wedding culture aculturation process wich done by melayu peoples in terong island Batam city. The data colection technic trought observation and indepth interview. Metode wich used in this research such as etnografy analysis from clifford geertz start from hermeneutic data, interpretating data and interpretative data. The form of wedding culture aculturation of terong island peoples looked on some merisik activities, tunangan wich have used syair and pantun, invitation system wich used invitation card, pelaminan or decoration, modern wearing and salon wich selected alone by pengantin not mak adam or parent, but they remain keepping what that become their original culture such as use adat wearing and periuk whasing party after wedding reception. The factors of effect the happening this wedding culture aculturation such as entering education and technology sain, created smart peoples, geografis place, and opened sipil for foreign culture and accept changing. This mixed culture process walking toghether with golbalitation effect and modernitation in world wide. So every culture any that facing the mixed with another culture. For that seldom a resort that has culture that still natural or original. It-s also with wedding culture of terong island peoples.

Keywords
Acculturation, Wedding, Melayu, Terong Island

Topic
Culture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RWYwpErdHbKU

Corresponding Author
Amiruddin Eso

Institutions
a. Medical Faculty Halu Oleo University.
b. Cultural Science Faculty Halu Oleo University, *ela.amiruddin[at]yahoo.com
c. Mental Hospital in South East Sulawesi

Abstract
Research on violation of maxim of patients with schizophrenia symptom is quite rare in Indonesia context. Most scholars do their research by taking characters in Hollywood film as their subject. Based on internet searching, there only one who do research with patients in mental hospital as the subject of the research ( Jati et.al 2018). The present research is intended to find out the type of violation of maxim do by Paranoid Schizophrenia patients during their conversation and the causes of the violation. The Grice theory of cooperative principle is used to find out the maxim that violated by the patients. Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication ( TLC) by Nancy Andresen is used for finding out the causes of violation. The method employed was descriptive qualitative approach and the data were obtained from six paranoid schizophrenia patients who were interviewed by co assistant doctor who in charge in mental hospital of South East Sulawesi . The result of the research shows that patients indicate to violate three maxims proposed by Grice. The breakdowns are 6 utterances indicate the violation maxim of relation, 31 utterances indicate the violation maxim of quantity, and 10 utterances violate maxim of quality. The causes of violation are poverty of speech, circumstantially and tangentiality.

Keywords
cooperative principle, violation maxim, TLC, and paranoid schizophrenia

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/E9DxYgnkXNyq

Corresponding Author
Basrin Melamba

Institutions
(a) Halu Oleo University, (b) Halu Oleo University, (c) Halu Oleo University, (d)Halu Oleo University, Halu Oleo University.

Abstract
Abstract This study discusses the choice of zending in Christianising of Tolaki and Moronene residents in Southeast Sulawesi. Zending is majorly considered from the aspect of social geography and riligiositas. The issue of religion is not only perceived from the perspective of religiosity and culture, but can also be viewed from a geographic analysis point of view. The interior area was used as the center and target of the spread of Protestant Christianity in Southeast Sulawesi, especially during the era of the Dutch East Indies (1915-1942). The rapid growth and development of Christianity is enhanced by this geographical choice. Apart from the rise in the number of congregation members, this was also observed from the increase in the Christian villages of Tolaki and Moronene. In this study, we will be answering questions regarding to the reasons for zending in chosen rural areas and vorstelanden as a target and center for Christianisation in Southeast Sulawesi in Dutch East Indies.

Keywords
Christian, Geography, Rural (Vorstelanden), Tolaki and Moronene

Topic
Culture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UzhmeuMQHyFx

Corresponding Author
Ghulamin Khalim Subagiyo

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Environmental problems are often recurring and almost the same, but there is no surefire solution to overcome them so that damage to nature and the environment continues to occur. Literary ecocritics is a perspective that considers environmental aspects into literature. This study aims to analyze the ecological dimensions in the novel Kelomang. This type of research is qualitative research. The approach in this research uses the sociology of literature approach. The data in this study were in the form of fragments of the text of the novel Kelomang by Qizink La Aziva which allegedly had links to ecology. The data collection technique used in this study is the documentation technique. The data analysis technique used in this study is the analysis of literary ecocritical analysis. Ecocritical studies in this research are natural ecology and sociocultural ecology of the community. Natural ecology is in the form of a literary relationship with efforts to preserve nature and a relationship of literature with nature as a source of human life. Sociocultural ecology is a replica of the condition of a society in relation to nature and culture. Found several phenomena, such as the rise of cases of corruption, bribery, and the firmness of principles against the practice of corruption and bribery.

Keywords
Ecocritics, Literature, Novels

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bAnLWKmVRGgN

Corresponding Author
Indra Putra Pahlewi

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Prose type of literature always presents the life stories of the characters. In order to bring the story to life, the author usually presents characters of different characters. Considering the characters are closely related to personality, then in research on the figures related to the science of psychology. The science of psychology that is applied to literary works is known as literary psychology. Literary psychology deals with the types and laws of psychology that are applied to literary works (Wellek and Warren, 2014: 81). This study examines the self-actualization character of the main character based on the humanistic psychological theory of Abraham Maslow in the novel Anak Rantau by Ahmad Fuadi. The theoretical approach used is the approach of literary psychology. The methodological approach used is descriptive qualitative. The data in this study are fragments of novel texts that are thought to contain self-actualization. Data collection is done by reading (heuristic) techniques, note taking, and literature study. The validity of the data is done by the credibility testing and peer inspection techniques. Data analysis was performed with hermeneutic readings. The results showed a lot of self-actualization properties shown by the main character in the novel Anak Rantau by Ahmad Fuadi.

Keywords
self-actualization, literature, novels

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AdhWgtu2JFaf

Corresponding Author
I Wayan Budiarta

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
This paper tries to analyze and discuss about the types of Figurative Language in the World Wrestling Entertainment and their appearance tendency. The topic was chosen because study of implication piques the interest of the writer. And the theme of the research object was chosen based on personal interest, because the writer is highly interested in the World Wrestling Entertainment since the writer was very little. The theories applied to support the paper are Interpreting Literature by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1963) as the main theory, supported by theories of other experts from the related study as the supporting theories. The data were taken from the World Wrestling Entertainment Wrestlemania XXXIII intro video by observing the video closely, classifying the data based on the theories, taking a note of them, analyzing them according to the theories then presenting them in two ways, in a formal way which the data are presented in a form of a table along with detailed information regarding them and in a non-formal way, which some examples of each types of the figurative language are explained descriptively. Some information regarding the World Wrestling Entertainment from the internet, such as information about their company, events and wrestlers are also applied. According to the analysis result, it appears that figurative languages that were used in the data source are hyperbole, idiom, metaphor, metonymy, paradox and personification. It is also found that figurative expressions of metaphor and hyperbole are the types of figurative language that are utilized the most in the World Wrestling Entertainment promo. Most of the figurative speeches that were found in the data source appear to have unique meaning and are hardly understandable conventionally if they are figured out without knowing the knowledge or information regarding the World Wrestling Entertainment.

Keywords
Language, Figurative Languages, Entertainment

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DkWfbKy3c8Xa

Corresponding Author
Tiar Muslim

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
Poetry is an expression poured out through written media. The anthology of the poem "Dugale Asu Maring Menungsa" is a poem written using the regional language of a dry dialect. This poem has its own uniqueness because it uses local language, so the meaning contained in the poem is very rich. Various kinds of problems regarding the social life of tegal people are displayed with a few typical jokes, without reducing the moral value contained in the text. The choice of words used is rather strange and is a daily depiction of the Tegal community. This research aims to describe the physical and inner structure, and the meaning contained in the anthology of the poem "Dugele Asu Maring Menungsa". The approach used in this study is a semiotic structuralist approach. Data collection techniques use reading, listening and hermeustic. The data source used was a collection of "Poetry of Dugale Asu Maring Menungsa by Atmo Tan Sidik" totaling 23 poems consisting of 76 pages. Data analysis techniques using the Milles and Huberman models. The results showed a poem entitled "Sugih Donga, Sugih Dunya. There are diction and wow. Woh is interpreted as a "fruit" as a result of praying for goodness that is never interrupted. While wah is interpreted as "luxury" so in praying we do not expect wealth, but sincere intentions. The inner structure contained in the poem, it was found that the theme contained, invites to always pray in order to get the wealth of the world.

Keywords
Structural, poetry, meaning

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zvC9g3mFuwDc

Corresponding Author
I Wayan Budiarta

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
The title of this paper is Errors in Compositions of The Students of SMKN 2 Tegallalang. The objective of this paper is to explore the grammatical errors made by the students of SMKN 2 Tegallalang in practicing their English. The theory applied for this paper is Error Analysis, Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition (1974) edited by Jack C. Richards. The data of the analysis of this paper are taken from the compositions by the students of SMKN 2 Tegallalang. Then the errors were collected and classified based on the types of errors according to the theory applied. The finding shows that they made some errors when they made a sentence. Actually they seem to be clever to use English in writing grammatically, however they are lack of knowledge as seen in the errors encountered in their statement. The error found can be classified into error of using singular-plural, error of using word form, error of using word choice, error of using verb tense, error of using add word, error of omit word, error of using word order, error of spelling, error of using punctuation, error of using article, error of meaning not clear, error of run on sentence.

Keywords
Error, Composition Errors

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yMzpTegBvAbt

Corresponding Author
I Wayan Budiarta

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
The title of this paper is Phrasal Verbs Found in New Testament Bible. In this paper, I analyze and discuss about the forms and meanings of phrasal verbs found in the bible entitled New Testament Bible. Data of this paper were collected from the bible mentioned above and the data were then analyzed based on the forms and meanings of phrasal verbs by applying the theory of verb taken from book A University Grammar of English by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Grennbaun(1973) and An Introduction to Function Grammar by Halliday (1985). The result of this analysis shows that the forms of phrasal verbs can be divided into three, they are: phrasal verb with adverb particles, phrasal verb with preposition particles/ prepositional verb, and phrasal-prepositional verb. Phrasal verbs with adverb particles is formed by the verb and adverb particle, phrasal verb with preposition particles/prepositional verb is formed by the verb and preposition particle, and phrasal-prepositional verb is formed by the verb plus adverb or preposition particle and preposition particle. The meaning of phrasal verb derived from the combination two or more words.

Keywords
Phrasal Verb, Bible, New Testament Bible

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6RPkGj8g93Je

Corresponding Author
I Wayan Budiarta

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
The title of this paper is The Analysis of Transitivity in Some Discourses in The Bali Times. The problems of this study are related to the types of processes and the roles of participants each process found in Bali Times News. This research has two objectives. First, it aims at finding out the types of process derived from the transitivity analysis on the texts, second it aims at finding out roles of the participant on that transitivity analysis on the texts. Data of this research were collected by reading newspaper and identifying the sentences relating to the problems. Then, the data were analyzed based on theory of transitivity by Halliday in his book entitled An Introduction to Functional Grammar (1985). The data which are collected through library research method are analyzed by using descriptive method. Based on the analysis it was found that five types of process found in data sources, they are (1) material process, (2) mental process, (3) relational process, (4) verbal process, (5) existential process. The role of participants in material process are actor, goal, range,and reciepient. The role of participants found in mental process are senser and phenomenon. The participants of relational process as intensive process are carrier and attribute, identified(token) and identifier(value). The participants of relational process as circumstantial are carrier and attribute. The participants of relational process as possessive are carrier and attribute. The participants of verbal process are sayer and verbiage, and the participant of existential process is existent.

Keywords
Transitivity, Discourse, The Bali Times

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tKnVePz6bMcy

Corresponding Author
Nur Aryastuti Amirullah

Institutions
Faculty of Law Hasanuddin University
Nraryastuti[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Waste is one of the serious problems in Makassar. It caused of the problem of waste is directly related to the lifestyle and culture of the people. Makassar is one of the cities that has high population and economic growth, thus triggering an increase in service, industry, business and others. It affects the amount of waste production in Makassar which reaches 1,200 tons per day consisting of 57% organic waste and 43% non-organic. The high production of this garbage is very worrying and it is predicted that the capacity of the TPA in Antang can no longer accommodate the amount of waste in Makassar. In fact, this waste problem has been discussed in several legal rules concerning the environment both on a national and international scale, such as Makassar-s Regulation No. 4 of 2011 concerning on Waste Management, Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning on the Environment or in the Stockholm Declaration 1972. However, the ineffective management of waste in Makassar causes the problem is still difficult to overcome. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors that cause waste problems in Makassar, in relation to fires in TPA Antang based on existing legal regulatory perspectives, government policies in handling waste and cultural issues related to social patterns of life Public. This research is a descriptive study based on data analyzed through literature studies.

Keywords
Waste, Environment, Makassar, TPA Antang

Topic
Maritime, Environment and international policy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NXwaHJRDuxMf

Corresponding Author
Amiruddin Eso

Institutions
a. Medical Education Programm, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University
b. Department of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University *sunandar.elrumi[at]gmail.com
c. Department of Psychiatry, Halu Oleo University
d. Department of Biomedical Science, Halu Oleo University
e. Department of Nursing, Halu Oleo University
f. Department of Biomedical Science, Halu Oleo University

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with combination symptoms, basically caused by biochemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain. Single antipsychotic therapy cannot effectively improve the symptoms of schizophrenia. So, additional therapy is needed for better results. This study generally aims to analyze the presence of influence after listening the murottal Qur-an againts the severity of schizophrenia in inpatients at the Mental Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research is a quasi experimental research with a pretest-post test control group design. The study population was all schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized in the Mental Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The sample of this study were 34 peoples. Data were collected using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) observation sheet. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney test to compare PANSS scores average of the treatment group and control group, p value <0.05. There were differences in the PANSS scores average of the treatment group and the control group with p value = 0.005. It be concluded that there were differences in the PANSS scores average of treatment group and the the control group which showed that the group that was performed with murottal Quran had a decreased PANSS scores bigger than the group that is not played murottal Qur-an.

Keywords
Mental Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi, Murottal Qur-an, PANSS, Schizophrenia,

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dmQcJfPZz3e4

Corresponding Author
YUNI RATNA PURWANINGSIH

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Objective: This paper analyzes sexuality problem of the main character: An ambition of infidelity Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert 1857. Method: The study was conducted in descriptive qualitative. Literature was used as the primary and secondary data Result: Complex in sexuality problem through an ambition of infidelity Emma Bovary as a wife is shown in several pages. Conclusion: In this research analysis reveals an ambition infidelity Emma Bovary as a wife through sexuality problems that Emma Bovary had an affair secretly 3 times with her husbands male friend. And with a variety of items given such as household furniture, dresses, more satisfaction of sexuality, where all the affair can satisfy the passion of sexuality problem

Keywords
Infidelity; Sexuality problem; Emma bovary

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4vrEebCUPBhw

Corresponding Author
I Wayan Budiarta

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
The title of my paper is Simple Subordinators in English Found in The Wolf Of Wall Street. This paper is discussing about simple subordinators are found in novel The Wolf Of Wall Street and their meanings. The theories used in this research are taken from the theory A Grammar of Contemporary English (1972) by Quirk and Greenbaum, G. Leech, J. Svartvik as the main theories. The method of research used in the analysis of this topic is library research which can be divided into three steps, they are: data source, data collection, and data analysis. The data of this paper are taken from novel The Wolf Of Wall Street. The data are collected by reading the novels that I use as data source and all sentences that have been collected are classified with the simple subordinators and the meaning. Based on the result of this research and analysis it is found there are three kinds of Subordinators of Time, Subordinators of reason/cause, Subordinators of Condition. Then we classified Subordinators of Time and its meaning, Subordinators of Reason/cause and the meaning, and Subordinators of Condition with the meaning.

Keywords
Subordinate, Simple Subordinator, The wolf of Wall Street

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hmCQ2j6W7kYz

Corresponding Author
I Nyoman Kardana

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
This paper aimed at analyzing the plot structure and the style used in the novel The Great Gatsby. The theories applied to support the paper are Freytag-s Technique of the Drama written by Gustav Freytag (1896) and supporting theory entitles How to Analyze by Kenney (1966). The method used in this paper is a descriptive qualitative, which aims at analyzing and collecting data from some referential books, website, and other data sources that were useful for the analysis. The object of this study is the plot and the style in F. Scott Fitzgerald-s The Great Gatsby. The source is in the form of novel that was taken from The Penguin Book: The Great Gatsby, by F.Scott Fitzgerald. Library research is also used to gather and analyze information of the text. The analysis of the study shows that, in the novel the great Gatsby, there are five structures of the plot. (i) Exposition is when the narrator introduce the setting that are in New York, West Egg and East Egg, the main characters like Jay Gatsby, Daisy, Tom, and the Narrator Nick. (ii) the conflict happens when Tom and Gatsby argue in the hotel. (iii) the climax happens when Daisy kills Myrtle by Gatsby-s car. (iv) failing action is when Gatsby kills by George Wilson, (v) the end of the story is when there is no one attend Gatsby-s funeral and Nick moves back to West Egg. The style used by F. Scott Fitzgerald uses adjectives in order to create romantic sensation and visualize the story and also imagery to engage all five of the readers senses so that they can not only see, but hear, smell, taste, and feel what the characters are experiencing.

Keywords
Plot, Style, The Great Gatsby

Topic
Literarture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BT7heLfrEaxH

Corresponding Author
Tommi Yuniawan

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract
This research aims at analyzing the metaphors contained in the conservation news texts. The conservation news texts in mass media are also considered as a part of linguistic phenomena. In its realization as a text, a conservation news is not only considered as a linguistic phenenenon, but also as a construction of thoughts, ideas, and conducts. The reciprocal relationship between environment and language may be studied through an ecolinguistic study. Within the scope of ecolinguistic study, a living language is used to illustrate, represent, and describe realities in both physical and sociocultural environment. In its relationship with metaphor, ecolinguistics requires an understanding or view or expressive description of meanings. This research employs a desriptive-qualitative design. The research data is in the form of various parts of conservation texts presumably contain metaphors. The research data sources are the conservation news texts taken from the mass medias pages, such as www.unnes.ac.id, Suara Merdeka, and Kompas. The research data is collected through listening to the use of language by utilizing a basic technique of tapping on the conservation news texts obtained from the mass media. Furthermore, this listening technique is equipped with a writing technique of data obtained from various parts of the conservation news texts. The data is analyzed using a determining device from the inside and outside of language. Based on the result of data analysis, the metaphors contained in the conservation news texts are found within the pillars of values and characters, arts and cultures, as well as resources and environments. This research is teoritically beneficial to add the diversity of ecolonguistic studies, especially on the analysis of metaphors contained in the conservation news texts found in the mass media. The result of this research may practically be used by the teachers or lecturers as teaching materials.

Keywords
ecolinguistics, metaphor, conservation news text

Topic
Language

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Y9QuVXm2FDAM

Corresponding Author
Dhidi Erwanto

Institutions
Universitas Sembilanbelas November (USN) Kolaka
Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract
Designing the learning environment to engage the learners investigated the phenomena in daily lives through connected science school and authentic science denoted to help the learners to construct their knowledge, induce the inquiry science skills, and self-efficacy. The authentic science guided-inquiry experience (asGIe) elevates the learners in inquiry activities, to support them not only to think and act like the scientist but also to learn and apply core scientific concepts and skills. The purpose of this quantitative research was to diagnose students conceptual understanding, inquiry science skills, and self-efficacy by means of promoting the asGIe model. This research is quasi-experimental, post-test only control group design, and the data was analyzed by MANOVA. The participants of this research were 72 students of SMAN 1 Kolaka which divided into two classes, experimental and control groups. The result showed that there are significant differences on conceptual understanding, inquiry science skills and their self-efficacy which taught by asGIe and verification laboratory. In asGie class, the learners feel more enthusiastic to generate and answer question, generate relevant hypothesis, design and conducting investigation, gathering and communicating evidence, nevertheless the collaborative with their peers must be developed through relationships and group participation. In general, asGIe can be utilized to escalate the learners contextual learning experiences which allow them to be immersed in the culture of inquiry science.

Keywords
conceptual understanding; inquiry science skills; self-efficacy; guided inquiry; authentic science experience

Topic
Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HRxDvzykdjbn