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Plant Growth Response of Physalis angulata on Dosage of NPK fertilizer
Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika*, Budi Waluyo and Nurul Aini

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Corresponding Author
Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika

Institutions
Departement Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Physalis angulata (Wild Gooseberry) has vitamins and phytochemicals that are good for health. We have several lines of wild gooseberry that have the potential to be widely cultivation. But so far there has not been an optimal fertilizing dose for these lines of hope. The aim of this study was to determine the response of wild gooseberry at different NPK fertilizer doses. The study was conducted in a pot using a factorial randomized block design with factor 1 was types of lines: lines 1, lines 2 and lines 3 and factor 2 was the doses of NPK fertilizer: NPK: 75 kg NPK ha-1, 150 kg NPK ha-1 dan 225 NPK kg NPK ha-1. The doses of Fertilizer gives a different growth response in each wild gooseberry lines which the growth of lines 2 and 3 increase with the increasing doses of fertilizer.

Keywords
Physalis angulata ; Gooseberry; fertilizer, growth

Topic
Basic Science/Life Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aMUgt7A2QDJT


Improvement of Soundscapes based on Noise Control in Urban Forest as an Effort to Fulfill Quality of Green Open Space Standards
Lailatul Inayah(a*),Suyatno(b),Susilo Indrawati(c)

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Corresponding Author
Lailatul Inayah

Institutions
Department of Physics
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nompember

Abstract
Urban forests have aesthetic functions and social functions that refer to the quality standards. In the urban landscape, space is inseparable from the problem of traffic noise and other activities. The sounds are composed in unity, and form interactions in the acoustic environment of urban forests. A sound composition that interacts with a particular landscape is called a soundscape. The term soundscape can also be interpreted as an acoustic environment that is understood and felt by individuals. Urban noise can cause city forest soundscapes to be less comfortable and less aesthetic, so their function as green open spaces is not fulfilled. This study aims to make improvements to the soundscape based on the quality of green open space standards through noise control and find out the improvement formula that is most preferred by the subjects. The standard quality of green open space can be pursued through sound masking, active noise cancellation and convolution in sound signal conditioning. The improvement results were tested on 30 respondents by comparison tests and then identified with subjective environmental acoustic parameters, namely autocorrelation function (τ1, Φ1) and dynamic range (DR). Efforts to improve quality based on the quality of green open space the most preferred by respondents are sound masking and ANC with birds singing with scores of 4.44 and 2.78, respectively. Based on the results of identification of traffic noise treated by ANC and sound masking with birds chirping obtained DR values = 32.35 dBA, τ1 = 0.73 s, and Φ1 = 0.03.

Keywords
green open space;noise control;soundscape.

Topic
Basic Science/Life Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8bdBD2ZKqHwM


TECHNOLOGY OF AUTOMATIC TURTLE HATCHERS WITH THE SETTING OF MALE-FEMALE (MATICGATOR) FOR CONSERVATION OF TURTLES IN TAMAN KILI-KILI, TRENGGALEK, EAST JAVA
Sukandar1,2, Vian Dedi Pratama1,2, Sunardi1,2, Meliana1, Zainal Abidin1

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Corresponding Author
Sunardi sunardi

Institutions
1Fisheries and Marine Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
2Indonesia Marine And Fisheries Research Group

Abstract
The eggs incubator technology (maticgator) was developed to increase the success of hatching turtle eggs in several turtle conservation areas in East Java. Various obstacles in hatching turtle eggs naturally exist include eggs eaten by wild animals (natural predators), theft of human, unstable temperature and soil humidity. The next problem is the number of eggs that hatch into hatchlings, the ratio of males and females are more females, it caused by the earths temperature is getting higher, whereas in nature each turtle female requires more males for fertilization. The development of a turtle eggs incubator (maticgator) technology up to the stage can manipulate the number of male or female hatcheries, by adjusting automatically the temperature and humidity. Experiments in the Taman Kili-Kili Trenggalek show that turtle eggs hatching results reach 80%, more than natural hatching eggs (50%). Automatic adjustment on the maticgator results in a hatching ratio of females: males are 1: 6, or 7 females and 33 males with the total 40 eggs.

Keywords
Hatching, eggs, turtle, conservations

Topic
Sosical Economic and Community Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7Hk9JvPqcbB6


Non-preference for oviposition and damage intensity on soybean genotypes by Bemisia tabaci
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu and Apri Sulistyo

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Corresponding Author
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu

Institutions
Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute

Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is one of the economically important pests of many cultivated plant. This pest also plays as a virus vector that causes high yield losses. The objective of this study was to determine non-preference for oviposition in soybean genotypes to B. tabaci and the damage intensity caused by this pest. The experiment was conducted in Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute in 2018. 24 soybean genotypes were evaluated in screen house with three replicates in which infested naturally by B. tabaci. The result showed that egg and nimph populations were found on low, middle, and upper leaves. Generally, the highest population was found on middle leaves that ranged from 5-89 individuals/ trifoliate, followed by lower leaves (5-30 individuals/trifoliate) and upper leaves (0-19 individuals/trifoliate). Totally, the population of B. tabaci ranged form 12-125 individuals/plant. The highest population was found on genotype G100H/9305//IAC100-271///Grob-36-2 (125 individuals) and the lowest population was found on Kaba/IAC100//Brg 63///Grob-392-1 (12 individuals). Moreover, the leaf damage intensity caused by B. tabaci ranged from 8.6-38.3%. The highest damage intensity was found on G100H/9305//IAC100-271///Agro-803-1. However, the lowest damage intensity was found on G100H/9305//IAC100-271///Grob-42-3. Therefor, Kaba/IAC100//Brg 63///Grob-392-1 indicated as genotype that showed non-preference for oviposition based on egg and nymph populations and categorized as moderately resistant against B. tabaci based on leaf damage intensity. Whitefly attack characterized by the presence of black sooty mold on leaf surface.

Keywords
B. tabaci; damage intensity; non-preference; resistance mechanism.

Topic
Sustainable Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/X6qf2AhnLFej


Self Authentication Application with A Watermarking Method for Digital Document
Lailyn Puad, Windy Adriana, Rike Limia Budiarti

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Corresponding Author
Lailyn Puad

Institutions
STMIK Nurdin Hamzah

Abstract
Higher education and industry are the sectors most demanded by changes with the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 issue. One of the basic things is about security, data integration and reducing paper usage. This system can be used as one of the answers to some of these demands, with the ability to produce digital documents integrated with one account. In addition, the authenticity of documents is a guarantee, with the standalone authentication feature owned by the application, so that not everyone can duplicate it. Utilizing the Qrcode that is integrated with the Codeigniter framework can produce an application that is able to provide convenience to each of its users in a variety of things, from organizing digital documents with adequate security guarantees, reducing the use of paper to the integration of accessible data.

Keywords
Industrial Revolution;Integration;Authentication;Independent;Digital Documents.

Topic
Information System and Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7agLPBQ6mD2u


Enhancing Biogas Production from Empty Fruit Oil Palm Bunches (EFOB) Part I: Influence of Biological Pre-treatment on the Characteristics
Reny Nurul Utami, Martasari Beti Pangestuti, Nur Hidayat, Sri Suhartini*

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Corresponding Author
Sri Suhartini

Institutions
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang

Abstract
Empty fruit oil palm bunches (EFOB) is one of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass in Indonesia. However, high lignin content in EFOB has becoming one of the obstacles in valorising it as bioenergy resources, as it is hardly breakdown by the microorganisms. Therefore, pre-treatment is often needed to enhance the biodegradation process of organic content in EFOB. This study was aimed to investigate impact of biological pre-treatment using fungi on the EFOB characteristics and to estimate the biogas production and its conversion to electricity. The biological pre-treatment on EFOB is besieged to enhance the utilisation of EFOB as bioenergy resources. In this study, EFOB was treated using Phanerocheate chrysosporium under standard condition and incubated for 7 and 14 days. The results showed that fungi pre-treatment was able to reduce the amount of lignin concentration, which indicating that more lignin was broken down into other easily degradable organic material compounds. The calorific values of EFOB after pre-treatment also increased alongside with the increase in incubation time, which also indicating a higher energy potential. Estimation on electrical potential based on CHNS values was also indicating the same trends. Treated EFOB has more electricity and heath production compared to that of untreated EFOB. Further research, however, is still required to have in-depth understanding on improving the efficacy of biogas production by incorporating a green pre-treatment using biological pathway approach.

Keywords
bioenergy, biological pre-treatment, Phanerocheate chrysosporium, EFOB

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ur34EHVWwmLx


Investigation of Groundwater Aquifer at Noborejo, Salatiga Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Method
Mayang Bunga Puspita(a*), Imam Suyanto(b)

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Corresponding Author
Mayang Bunga Puspita

Institutions
(a)Geophysical Engineering Sub-Department, Universitas Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*mayang.puspita[at]ub.ac.id
(b)Geophysical Sub-Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Local Water Supply Utility (PDAM) of Salatiga planned to build three new wells to meet the need for clean water and increase the number of customers in Salatiga. The plans for the construction of the new wells are located in Randuancir, Kumpulrejo and Noborejo Sub-Districts. The groundwater aquifer layer in Noborejo Village is detected using the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method, while the determination of the depth of aquifer layer will be controlled by the results of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data processing. 4 ERT lines and 4 VES points were acquired in 2017. The processing results show that water-containing layer tends to have a lower resistivity value. In the study area, 2 types of aquifers were found, namely unconfined aquifer (usually exploited using dug wells), and confined aquifer which are generally located on the deeper depth. Unconfined aquifers are identified with a lower resistivity value than its surroundings (20-80 Ωm) with an average depth of 25 m on all lines. Whereas confined aquifer has a higher resistivity in the range of 90 Ωm. However, confined aquifers are only found with certainty in Line 1, while in other Lines the possibility of a confined aquifers existence is smaller.

Keywords
Salatiga; Aquifer; Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT); Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES)

Topic
Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TfKAv8UtxwkN


A System Dynamics of Indonesia Low Carbon Energy Resilience Model
Andi Muhammad Sadli

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Corresponding Author
Andi Muhammad Sadli

Institutions
Assistant Profesor of STIE Mulia Pratama
Ph. D. Student of Economics of Hasanuddin University

Abstract
Energy farces an important role in shaping civilization as a major input from various sectors of life. For Indonesia, the management and utilization of energy will determine the likely existence as a nation forward in the future. This research used a quantitative methodology which is the chosen method is system dynamic simulation. The system dynamics model is the shape and energy utilization in Indonesia to achieve a degree of energy security with complex variables covering economic, social and environmental as well. The model simulation investigates the implications of the use of fuel to the economy and how to find a model of low-carbon energy sustainability in the energy mix policy in Indonesia. The model explores the relationship between population, fuel consumption, fuel production, fuel import, and emissions resulting from the use of fuel. This model will be used as the basis for the simulation scenario of Business As Usual (Base case) so that the visible trend of each variable and how interventions should be done. The interventions that are chosen namely structural intervention where included gas and geothermal as the additional energy resources. Then, a Hypothesis that would be tested in this research is the reduction of CO2 emission and fossil fuel import as the feedback of energy mix policy. The result shows that mix energy policy can reduce the CO2 emission at least 9% on average along the simulation period. On the other hand, the import of fossil fuel import can be reduced averagely by up to 27%. Therefore, the mix energy policy is strongly feasible to be implemented and developed in the future.

Keywords
System dynamics, low carbon, energy resilience, simulation model, mix energy

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Jj63DFLm2MxH


Social, Economic and Ecological Benefits and Farmers- Perception of Agricultural Waste Processing in Banyuasin Regency
Muhammad Yazid, Wahyu Pusfasari , Elisa Wildayana

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Corresponding Author
Muhammad Yazid

Institutions
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya
Jalan Palembang-Prabumulih KM.32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate and estimate the economic, social and ecological benefits of agricultural waste processing and to assess farmers- perception on agricultural waste processing. This research was conducted in Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Survey data were collected from farmers selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that the economic benefits of agricultural waste processing were reducing production costs, increasing income of rice and corn farming, and improving the welfare of farmers. The social benefits were raising the nature of cooperation and triggering farmers to have broader knowledge by organizing associations to exchange the knowledge. Whereas, the ecological benefits were reducing air pollution caused by combustion of agricultural wastes, improving soil physical properties and restoring nutrients obtained from agricultural waste processing. The value of economic benefits estimated from agricultural waste processing to produce liquid bacterial fertilizer were 29.4% and 29.8% increase in income of rice farmers and maize farmers respectively. The overall score of perception of farmers applying agricultural waste processing was higher than those not applying.

Keywords
benefit, perception, waste

Topic
Agriculture system

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xPtCjdeA68Uy


Comparison of Copper Adsorption Effectivity In Acid Mine Drainage Using Natural Zeolite and Synthesized Zeolite
Efitriana Wulandari (a), Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik (a*), Amalia Ekaputri Hidayat (a)

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Corresponding Author
Efitriana Wulandari

Institutions
a) Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia
*ssarwanto[at]eng.ui.ac.id

Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) contains high concentration of various heavy metals and have low pH levels. In this study, the comparison between the use of natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite for Cu2+ removal in AMD was conducted. The adsorbent of natural zeolite was prepared through a chemical activating method by adding NaOH. While, synthesized zeolite was prepared from coal fly ash using a two-step method, fusion and hydrothermal process. The AMD used in this study was artificial designed with the concentration of Cu2+ 100 ppm and pH ± 3. The adsorption experiment was carried out using batch method to observe the influential parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbent isotherms and kinetics. The result from this study is expected to provide better alternative adsorbent between natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite for heavy metal removal in waste water. Furthermore, both natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite have a great potential as a sustainable and economical material for heavy metal removal in waste water.

Keywords
Acid Mine Drainage; Copper removal; Fly ash; Natural Zeolite; Synthesized Zeolite

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uBE8fPyrmRvJ


STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN ASPHAL MODULUS AND LWD LABORATORY HIGH FALL LOAD
ABDUL AZIS (1), LUCKY CAROLES (2), A RAHMAN DJAMALUDDIN (3), ARWIN AMIRUDDIN (4)

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Corresponding Author
Abdul Azis

Institutions
(1)MAGISTER STUDENT HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
(2)DOCTORAL STUDENT HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
(3) LECTURER DEPT. CIVIL ENGINEERING HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY
(4) LECTURER DEPT. CIVIL ENGINEERING, HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

Abstract
In the construction of transportation network, road infrastructure is being developed intensively . Quality assurance is needed to prevent failure and ensure the length of performance. for measuring the quality of roadworks, especially asphalt, we can now use the laboratory version of Light weight deflectometer (LWD), which was developed by bina marga. Light weight deflectometer (LWD); has been developed for evaluation of surface stiffness that can be used to estimate the degree of compaction and determine modulus of elasticity. This research is based on laboratory testing that purpose to analyze the effect of asphalt density (AC-WC) towards deflection value and modulus of elasticity by using the laboratory version of LWD and then find the correlation between the elastic modulus of asphalt to variety in the height of mashing load.

Keywords
LWD, modulus elasticity, AC-WC

Topic
Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tTXH4k9pGmBh


A Reconfigurable RF-Absorber Suitable for an Efficient DC-Low Power Generation
Nurfitri 1), Elyas Palantei 2), and Intan Sari Areni 3)

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Corresponding Author
Nurfitri Kaharuddin

Institutions
1,2,3) Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Bontomarannu, Gowa 92171, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Abstract
The split ring resonator (SRR) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) which are popular metamaterial structures for energy harvesting applications has been investigated for its characteristics and performance potential through numerical computation. The results of investigation on the design of the double-T RF energy absorber show a good performance and can operate in multiband with a large bandwidth. The desired absorber device has been optimized by adjusting the physical dimensions in the SRR and CSRR metamaterial structures. By etching two SRR unit cells and six CSRR unit cells in the ground plane, the proposed antenna shows a good performance of the return loss, gain, and bandwidth parameters. Also, the reconfigurable absorber device can be maximized the potential for absorption of RF harvesting energy, both emitted by licensed and unlicensed RF communication devices. The antenna covers the frequency spectra of GSM900 Band, GSM1800 Band, WiMAX Band, and ISM Band applications, respectively as needed. This antenna is good for absorbing RF energy with a smaller antenna size of 72.25% compared to conventional antenna.

Keywords
reconfigurable antenna, split ring resonator (SRR), complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), energy harvesting, multiband antenna

Topic
Renewable Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HkAzuUw2CJp7


The Role of the Government in the Development of Border Areas in North Sulawesi Province
Welly Waworundeng(a*), Burhan Niode(a), Alfon Kimbal(a), Recky Rengkung(b), Nansi Margret Santa(c)

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Corresponding Author
Welly Waworundeng

Institutions
(a)Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
(b) Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
(c)Faculty of Animal Husbandry Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
*wellywaworundeng[at]unsrat.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of government in the implementation of regional autonomy, especially in the border regions of North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted using a survey method in the border areas in North Sulawesi Province, namely the Sangihe Islands, Talaud, Siau Tagulandang and Biaro, then comparing it with Manado City which is the Provincial Capital. The data are then analyzed descriptively about the development of the value of the human development index, and government policies. The results showed that local governments play a role in development as evidenced by the value of the Human Development Index which increased from 2010-2018. Although the HDI value of Manado City is higher than the border area, in general regional development has been carried out and the government has implemented regional autonomy.

Keywords
border area, government, role

Topic
Social and Economy Framework of Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MWmNkjPXfDua


Livestock Business Development of Border Areas in North Sulawesi Province
Nansi Margret Santa(a*), Florencia Nery Sompie(a), Welly Waworundeng(b)

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Corresponding Author
Welly Waworundeng

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Animal Husbandry Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
(b) Faculty of Social and Politic Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
*nansisanta[at]unsrat.ac.id

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the development of livestock farming in North Sulawesi Province, especially the border areas. This research was conducted using a survey method in the border areas in North Sulawesi Province, namely the Sangihe Islands, Talaud, Siau Tagulandang and Biaro. The data are then analyzed descriptively about the the number and types of livestock farms managed by the community, and market opportunities for livestock products. The results showed that livestock farming is very likely to be developed in the border area. All traditional markets in the area sell animal husbandry products in the form of meat and eggs from the city of Manado. The existence of livestock farming is still lacking, so the Regional Government needs to program animal husbandry development through development policies in the area.

Keywords
border area, development, livestock,

Topic
Agriculture system

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PveXpf84HRFJ


Ethnomedicine in Bali: Detoxifying of Copper, Lead, and Arsenic Based on Lontar Usada Pemunah Cetik Kerikan Gangsa
Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya (a*), Asthadi Mahendra Bhandesa (a)

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Corresponding Author
Dwi Arymbhi Sanjaya

Institutions
a) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bali
Jalan Tukad Balian No.180, Renon, Denpasar 80227, Indonesia
*arymbhi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The earliest record of medical plant use in Bali is found in the Lontar Usada. Lontar Usada as the foundation of the science of spiritual life and the art of healing of Balinese culture. The one of the popular Lontar Usada in Bali is Lontar Usada Pemunah Cetik Kerikan Gangsa. Lontar Usada Pemunah Cetik Kerikan Gangsa describes the medicinal importance of plants for detoxifying of copper, lead, and arsenic. This paper examined the ethnobotany and to know the use of medical plants by traditional healers (BATTRA) based on Lontar Usada Pemunah Cetik Kerikan Gangsa for detoxifying of copper, lead, and arsenic. We collected the information about medical plants from BATTRA in Bali with in-depth interview method. The results this study indicates that seven of plant species is use as traditional medicine for detoxifying of copper, lead, and arsenic, such as garlic (Allium sativum), jangu (Acorus calamus), gamongan (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), hibiscus leaf (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. folium), cassava (Manihot utillissima), lemon grass (Cymbopogon nardus), and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). These preparation methods include juice (garlic with jangu), inhalation/smoke (lemon grass with coconut), and mashed for rub (gamongan mixed with hibiscus leaf and coconut).

Keywords
cetik; kerikan gangsa; traditional medicine; heavy metal

Topic
Etnomedisin dan Etnofarmakologi

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mpyXRJcGwNQF


Improvement of Understanding Physics Concept Using Cooperative Model of STAD Type and Mapping Concept Model
Henry Dinus Hutabarat[1], Ferawati Artauli hasibuan[2]

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Corresponding Author
Henry Dinus Hutabarat

Institutions
Universitas Graha Nusantara Padangsidimpuan

Abstract
Understanding the concept of physics can be influenced by methods used in the learning process. With the cooperative method of type STAD and mapping concept can be seen the level of understanding of physics concept. Both methods are applied to the physics learning process in SMA Negeri 2 Padangsidimpuan class XI semester 2. This test was conducted on two classes with a total of 64 students. This class is divided into control classes and experimental classes. Samples were taken using purposive sampling. From sampling it can be seen that the average pretest on the experimental class is 71.9 and posttets 77.8. So that the average understanding of students who are given an inkuri treatment method is 28.38%. While the average pretets on the control class 65.8 and posttets 72.19. The average increase in the learning outcomes of students given an expository method is 15.02%. Based on test calculation result of tCount > tTable, or > 1.677. This means Ha is acceptable, that is, there is a cooperative influence of the STAD type to understand the physics concept of students.

Keywords
Understanding Concepts, Cooperative Method, Type STAD

Topic
Physics related sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9HJkMCvgAhbW


LINE AND COLOUR CREATION-ART THERAPY FOR PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS IN THE UILS (UNIT INFORMASI LAYANAN SOSIAL, UNIT OF SOCIAL SERVICE INFORMATION) MERUYA
Nina Maftukha, Ariani Wardhani, Pandan Jati

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Corresponding Author
ariani wardhani

Institutions
Universitas Mercu Buana

Abstract
Art Therapy is one of the solutions that might be applied in the movement of pursuing mental health awareness within the Indonesian society. The methods in Art Therapy combine the approaches from art, design and psychology altogether with the other disciplines. One of the examples is the line and colour-creation art therapy. This method might be applied to the patients of mental health disorder such as psychotic. The introduction of line and colour-creation into the art therapy has been inspired by the visual introduction that the infants experience for the very first time. Within the line and colour, there are light intensity, thin and thick line intensity, hand pressure intensity during the sketching activities, emotion intensity that goes after the thick and thin line intensity and also colour intensity altogether with the colour category namely hot, warm and cold. All of these aspects might be benefitted for the recovery process in terms of emotion, self-expression and self-actualization. Then, the line and colour creation-art therapy integrates all kinds of art under comfortable and non-judgmental situation in order to facilitate the recovery process of the psychotic patients. To use art expressively means to enter the inner space within an individual-s heart in order to find the inner feelings and to express these inner feelings in the form of visual art, movement, voice, writings and drama. This process encourages the freedom, the self-understanding, the insight and also trigger the creativity and the transpersonal awareness so that the recovery period might be increased by expressing the feelings onto a sheet of paper. In this case, the position of art as an existential phenomenon becomes a bridge that unites rite, imagination and fantasy in such a way that other activities might be unable to perform since the objective of art is to represent the significance of an individual-s inner feeling instead of outer appearance. In other words, art might be considered as a symbolic form of human-s feelings. Departing from this elaboration, the researcher would like to initiate the implementation of a Community Service Program in UILS (Unit Informasi Layanan Sosial, Unit of Social Service Information) Meruya Selatan under the authority of Bina Laras Harapan Sentosa 1 Social Homes Cengkareng. The results of the Community Service Program are expected to increase the rate of psychotic patients- recovery process by means of expression painting therapy for overcoming the mental health disorders.

Keywords
Art Therapy, Creativity, Colour Creation, Psychotic

Topic
Literacy Media, Arts and Culture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XQBruUDZn4qd


Six Sigma Training For Lecture and College
DR. Hasbullah, ST,MT , Jakfat Haekal, ST, MT, DR. Sawarni Hasibuan

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Corresponding Author
Jakfat haekal

Institutions
Universitas Mercu Buana

Abstract
Six Sigma is a management tool that is focused on quality control by exploring the overall work operating system that has the aim of eliminating production defects, maximum work results, best service, process without maintenance and time efficiency to minimize costs. Six Siga is comprehensive, which means strategies, disciplines, and tools to achieve and support the success of the business and its operations. Six Sigma is called a strategy because it is focused on increasing customer satisfaction, called a discipline because it follows the formal model, namely DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Six Sigma is widely proven in practice and research shows high success in its application in various corporate organizations, hospitals, education, factories, airlines and universities. Universities need to contribute in improving the quality of lecturers and students in producing excellent quality performance. Each individual student and lecturer is required to produce excellent quality in serving his work, both on campus, work units and the community. One method used to provide solutions to improve organizational internal process standards that aims to minimize mismatches in work processes and results is the Six Sigma method. Six Sigma training activities by Six Sigma certified trainers are conducted at the Bina Tunggal Bekasi STT community which is a tertiary institution ranked and under the Mercu Buana University. Incidentally, the two institutions have a partnership that has been fostered so far.

Keywords
Six Sigma, DMAIC, SMEs

Topic
Quality Education, Clean Energy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6Z2uKVnca7eU


AYOKEDEA AND UMKMGOOL WEBSITE: ACCELERATION SOLUTIONS DEVELOPMENT OF SMES AND COMMUNITIES IN THE VILLAGE
Jajat Sudrajata, Meiryanib, Nugroho Juli Setiadic

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Corresponding Author
Jajat Sudrajat

Institutions
a BINUS Entrepreneurship Center, Management Departement,BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
jsudrajat[at]binus.edu
b Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Communication, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
meiryani[at]binus.edu
c BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Management Departement, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
nugroho.setiadi[at]binus.edu

Abstract
ABSTRACT The Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi program through the collaboration of lecturers from various departments and students in the Community Service Program, through the media information website Ayokedesa The purpose of the long-term Community Service Program implementation in this program is to produce a partnership model. This strategy is carried out to build partnerships with related parties that can increase success in the Small and Medium Enterprises sector as well as communities in the Campakamulya and Pasirmulya Banjaran Villages of Bandung and the Thousand Islands of DKI Jakarta, by implementing strategies through online marketing of products through the UMKMGool website. This Online Marketing Partnership application aims to accelerate business development in the village so as to increase sales. The method to be used is the fact finding method, in addition to collecting data in the literature, also conducting interviews with MSMEs and the community and business process surveys to collect supporting data. The output of this service is the Online Marketing Partnership Application in the form of the UMKMGool website and the ayokedesa information media website, as a means of business idea media, entrepreneurial spirit, business concepts. In addition, through the development of the ayokedesa website, optimizing the implementation of higher education Tridharma namely Teaching, Research and Community Service can help accelerate the development of prosperous villages.

Keywords
Keywords: community and community development, online marketing, community, prosperous village

Topic
Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/axB2ALzeq8jc


COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT TOWARDS ENERGY SAVING OF SETTLEMENT AT RT.03 / RW.01 KEL. PETUKANGAN UTARA KEC. PESANGGRAHAN JAKARTA SELATAN
Eka Purwa Laksana1, Nifty Fath1, Anggaraeni Dyah Sulistiowati2 and Harfa Iskandaria2

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Corresponding Author
Eka Purwa Laksana

Institutions
1Departement Electrical Enginnering Universitas Budi Luhur
2Departement Architecture Universitas Budi Luhur

Abstract
Dense settlements in urban areas are one of the problems in DKI Jakarta. RT.03 / RW.01 Kel. Petukangan Utara, Kec. Pesanggrahan Jakarta Selatan is one of the densest settlements in DKI Jakarta which is located side by side with Universitas Budi Luhur. Based on SNI 03-1733-2004, the level of population density in the region is included in the category of High Density. This can be seen from the houses lined up along the road with little provision of Green Open Space. The community develops the need for building area by maximizing the area of land for building. This impacts the lack of air circulation in accordance with SNI-14-1993-03 about the thermal comfort area of buildings which are conditioned for Indonesians, as well as the lack of lighting in accordance with SNI 03-6575-2001 regarding illumination standards for the light of a room.With thermal comfort and illumination that is not in according to standards in the region, a Community Service activity was held by the Faculty of Engineering of the Universitas Budi Luhur to add community knowledge about how to make thermal comfort and illumination in homes using energy efficient. Thermal comfort can be fulfilled by making vertical greening on limited land, While the comfort of illumination can be fulfilled by using LED lights. The activity uses community empowerment methods, so that the community can independently make vertical greening in their respective homes and know the benefits for thermal comfort and can use LED lights in their respective homes and know the benefits to save electricity. The results of the Community Empowerment Towards Energy Saving Settlements at RT.03 / RW.01 Kel Petukangan Utara Kec. Pesanggrahan Jakarta Selatan, is that the region has vertical greening as a natural air conditioning system and uses an LED lighting system as an energy efficient lighting.

Keywords
LED Energy Saving Lamp, Community Empowerment, Vertical Greening, Natural Air Conditioning, Dense Settlement.

Topic
CSR and Empowerment

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ktPLcndbGFEp


Analysis of the Application of Betawi Architecture in Cafe Design in Jakartafrom the Aspect of Affordability in Construction
Religiana Hendarti, Vivien Soebiyan, Yanita Milla Ardiani

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Corresponding Author
Religiana Hendarti

Institutions
Bina Nusantara University

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the things that determine the implementation of Betawi architecture in a café design for a community in Jakarta. The café for this community is a project to facilitate the activities of PKK women in Palmerah District, Jakarta. The majority of these communities are local residents who are also mostly Betawi ethnic, therefore, this design requires an affordable design, in the sense of a design that can represent local culture with the application of Betawi architecture that can meet limited funding. As is known, Betawi architecture is architecture that is rich in detail ornamentation and made of wood. The result of this design is a café design that uses the most important Betawi ornament with a frame structure and iron construction.

Keywords
Betawi architecture; café betawi; Jakarta; cost efficiency

Topic
Sustainable Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6bAg4wZydtRc


MOLECULAR SCREENING OF AUXILIARY ENZYME IN FUNGUS AS AGENTS IN LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC TRANSFORMATION MATERIALS
Emma Mauren Moko(a*), Jantje Ngangi(a), Dino Rahardiyan(b); a Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Manado State University, Tondano, 95619, Indonesia, emmamoko@unima.ac.id; b Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agricultural, De La Salle Catholic University, Manado, 95000, Indonesia

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Corresponding Author
Emma Mauren Moko

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Manado

Abstract
The abundant supply chain of lignocellulosic waste materials renders this biomass material as a potential source biomaterial for advance materials through various tranformation processes as such biological processes. Lignocellulosic biomass maybe transformed to advance biomaterials with the help of enzymes from extracelluler metabolics of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi with capacities to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomass to their smallest fractions. The role of auxiliary enzymes is an important phase in the efficiency of the hydrolyzation and degradation process of various large cellulolytic biomass. This research explores potential auxiliary enzymes in the form of Lytic Polysaccharide Mono-Oxygenases (LPMO) from fungi that are found in symbiotes of lycenes. These lycenes are endemic to trees growing in North Sulawesi in areas of Tomohon, Minahasa and North Minahasa. Molecular screening was conducted from identified fungi isolates, and based on partial genetical analysis on the locus of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the fungi-s ribosomal DNA. Screening results discovered of fungi isolates identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis isolate HZA8 and isolate HZA6, Penicillium sumatraense strain CBS 127365 and strain CBS 130380, Trichoderma hamatum isolate PAN12-45 and isolate PAN12-05, Aspergillus aculeatus strain A1.9 18S, Aspergillus aculeatus isolate XSD-74, Trichoderma reesei strain S2606 and isolate 5A14.

Keywords
screening, auxiliary enzyms, fungus, lignocellulolytic

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xTzWHANwJ2Vc


Profile of Misconception in Senior High School Students on the Concept of Acid Base Strength
Wiwi Siswaningsih, Nahadi, Vina Chandratika

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Corresponding Author
Wiwi Siswaningsih

Institutions
Departement of Chemistry Education, FPMIPA UPI

Abstract
This research aimed to find out the profile of misconception in senior high school students on the concept of acid base strength and the factors caused it. The research design used was qualitative descriptive. The data collection technique was carried out by two tier pictorial multiple choice diagnostic tests on the concept of acid base strength modified by researcher from previous developer, which consist of seven items and had been valid and reliable. In addition, the data was collected by using questionnaire, interview with students identified as having misconceptions and the chemistry teachers who taught the students, and documentation of chemistry textbook. The findings showed that: (1) students were identified as having misconceptions on the concept of acid base strength; (2) the biggest misconception was the target concept of the relationship between acid strength and pH with a percentage of 51.52%; (3) student misconception was caused by various factors, namely the condition of students, experiences, teachers, and textbooks.

Keywords
acid base strength, diagnostic test, misconception, profile, two tier multiple choice test

Topic
Chemistry Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rWU7ATkbCnHP


Decision-Making Framework for Validation of Data Collection Process in a Survey
You Ari Faeni, Fadhil Hidayat

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Corresponding Author
You Ari Faeni

Institutions
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics , Bandung Institute of Technology

Abstract
Survey is a method for estimating the parameters of a population. To produce the right statistics, it needs a validation process in collecting data in a survey. Some methods are used to validate one of them is to use a decision-making method with GPS data. This study uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to understand about research trends, methods, and data used in decision-making with GPS data. After reviewing 27 chosen journals and proceedings, this study concludes that there are several methods used to make a decision with GPS data such as decision tree, random forest, neural network, and support vector machine (SVM); Health, environment, Transportation, and agriculture are several fields of business that used GPS data to make a decision; The data analyzed consist of position, time, speed, track, and distance. Based on SLR result, we propose method to validate the data collection process of a survey using 3 methods (SVM, decision tree and random forest) will be used to analyze position, time, track and personal data of the surveyor.

Keywords
Decision Making, Systematic Literature Review, GPS data, Validation of a survey

Topic
Computer Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qDv8enHFdcfw


PENERAPAN KONSEP REGIONALISME PADA FASAD BANGUNAN PERPUSTAKAAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Rizki Sukma Haykhal Widiyanto1), Prof. Ir. Agus Budi Purnomo MS, PhD 2), Ir. Moh Ali Topan Msp.3)

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Corresponding Author
Rizki Sukma Haykhal widiyanto

Institutions
Universitas Trisakti

Abstract
Tulisan ini di buat bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat betapa pentingnya menjaga citra dari kawasan tertentu melalui fasad suatu bangunan. Arsitektur Regionalisme merupakan arsitektur yang dapat menyesuaikan daerah di sekitarnya. Dalam konteks Kota Jakarta dengan keunikan nilai budayanya, regionalisme dalam arsitektur menjadi fenomena yang menarik untuk diamati. Secara khusus, hal ini juga dapat dilihat pada bangunan Perpustakaan Nasional yang merupakan perpustakaan pembina, perpustakaan rujukan, perpustakaan deposit, perpustakaan penelitian, perpustakaan pelestarian, dan pusat jejaring perpustakaan. Penerapan konsep Regionalisme pada fasad bangunan Perpustakaan Nasional bertujuan untuk merefleksikan karakter bangunan-bangunan yang ada di sekitarnya tetapi juga tidak melupakan bangunan modern yang menjadi cirikhas ibu kota Jakarta sendiri. Permasalahan yang di dapatkan dalam penelitian adalah menerapkan elemen-elemen Arsitektur Regionalisme ke dalam fasad bangunan agar fasad bangunan perpustakaan dapat menggambarkan fungsi dan area yang di sekitarnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan menganalisis pola fasad bangunan yang ada di sekitar Jl.medan merdeka berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Arsitektur Regionalisme. Selain itu, menganalisa kembali elemen-elemen yang dapat di gunakan di bangunan Perpustakaan Nasional agar dapat mencerminkan fungsinya dan mewakili karakteristik bangunan yang ada di sekitarnya.

Keywords
Arsitektur Regionalisme, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Elemen fasad, Jl. Medan merdeka selatan

Topic
Penerapan Konsep Desain pada Rancangan Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GYkZTwpPzmvM


Komparasi Konsep Green Roof pada Bangunan
Aryoputro Adhiguno, Ahmad Hadi Prabowo, Laksmi Utami

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Corresponding Author
Aryoputro Adhiguno

Institutions
Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti

Abstract
Permasalahan perkotaan di Indonesia yang timbul akibat urbanisasi salah satunya adalah kepadatan kota yang tinggi. Kepadatan kota yang tinggi ditambah permasalahan lain seperti kurangnya ruang terbuka hijau turut menjadikan banyak kota di Indonesia cenderung panas untuk bermukim dan beraktivitas sehari-hari. Kurangnya RTH pada perkotaan dapat menyebabkan tingginya temperatur suatu perkotaan (Urban Heat Island). Salah satu pemberdayaan ruang hijau yang tepat ditengah tingginya pembangunan dan kurangnya lahan dapat menyusupkan ruang hijau pada atap-atap gedung bertingkat (green roof). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsep green roof pada bangunan yang menggunakan green roof, dengan lokasi yang memiliki karakter iklim cenderung sesuai dengan perkotaan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan adalah metode komparatif dengan membandingkan atau menguji hubungan pengaruh sebab akibat dari data-data yang tersedia. Dengan adanya penerapan green roof pada bangunan kota di Indonesia , menjadi solusi atas permasalahan kurangnya RTH. Selain itu juga berdampak positif diantaranya penurunan suhu ruangan dan memberi kenyamanan termal terhadap pengguna dalam bangunan.

Keywords
green roof; ruang terbuka hijau; pengguna bangunan; masalah perkotaan;

Topic
Penerapan Konsep Desain pada Rancangan Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vj4Rkx6KeHqz


Penerapan Arsitektur Kontemporer Pada Pusat Seni dan Budaya di Jawa Barat
Ilham Alamanda Nugraha Putra(a*), Ratih Budiarti(b*), Retna Ayu Puspatarini(c*)

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Corresponding Author
Ilham Alamanda Nugraha Putra

Institutions
a) Mahasiswa Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
*ilhamalamanda25[at]gmail.com
b) Dosen Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
*rth.budiarti[at]yahoo.com
c) Dosen Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
*retna.ap[at]trisakti.ac.id

Abstract
Perancangan pusat seni dan budaya di Jawa Barat dilatar belakangi oleh kekayaan seni budaya yang unik dan beragam di Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai hasil dari kreativitas masyarakatnya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa dibutuhkanya suatu tempat (bangunan) yang dapat menampung kegiatan seni dan budaya masyarakat Jawa Barat. Adapun beberapa prinsip yang dapat dijadikan dasar pemikiran dalam perancangan pusat seni dan budaya Jawa Barat ialah dengan mengangkat gagasan lokal Jawa Barat yang mendalam menyangkut filosofi dalam ruang, massa, dan bentuk, serta mencerminkan wujud antara tradisional dan modern pada bangunan. Dengan demikian desain tidak hanya memperlihatkan gagasan modern saat kini namun juga semangat kearifan lokal, sehingga tercipta kesinambungan antara pastpresent-future. Perancangan ini juga diharapkan dapat mempresentasikan identitas atau karakter tempat itu sendiri. Maka dari itu penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui penerapan arsitektur Kontemporer pada bangunan WJACC (West Java Art and Cultural Centre) dan ditulis dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan penyajian tulisan secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung dasar pemikiran perancangan, dengan menciptakan bangunan yang dapat menggambarkan semangat perkembangan zaman dengan bentuk desain yang inovatif, kreatif dan juga futuristik namun tetap memperhatikan filosofi lokal Jawa Barat seperti pola pemukiman sunda yang terdapat unsur lemah (tanah) dan juga cai (air) serta penerapan unsur bambu yang dapat menjadi ikon ataupun landmark kebanggaan masyarakat Jawa Barat.

Keywords
Pusat seni budaya; kontemporer; kearifan lokal

Topic
Penerapan Konsep Desain pada Rancangan Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wcJNQk4LDa2B


Penerapan Pendekatan Arsitektur Ikonik pada Fasad Bangunan Kawasan Pasar Johar Semarang
Ganis Septian Andayani, Dermawarti, Retna Ayu Puspatarini

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Corresponding Author
Ganis Septian Andayani

Institutions
Program Studi Arsitektur, Universitas Trisakti

Abstract
Pendekatan Arsitektur Ikonik dapat berfungsi sebagai penanda sebuah tempat maupun penanda sebuah zaman dikarenakan mempunyai karakter tersendiri yang berbeda dari yang ada disekitarnya serta menjadi ciri dari sebuah objek. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian yaitu untuk mengembalikan karakter kawasan pasar Johar dan mengaplikasikan prinsip Pendekatan Arsitektur Ikonik pada fasad bangunan. Pada bangunan Kawasan Pasar Johar yang memiliki kesan kolonial dan historis yang kuat, karakter fasad bangunan diperlihatkan untuk memperkuat pendekatan arsitektur ikonik pada bangunan. Penyusunan pola berulang pada bukaan fasad bangunan dan komponen fasad, serta bentuk atap banguan dapat menjadi beberapa upaya untuk memperkuat kesan ikonik pada bangunan.

Keywords
Arsitektur Ikonik, Fasad, Karakter

Topic
Penerapan Konsep Desain pada Rancangan Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EvJQtMCcGFqj


Alur Sirkulasi Pada Terminal Penumpang Pelabuhan
Manuel Rolando (a), Ratih Budiarti (b), Laksmi Utami (c)

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Corresponding Author
Manuel Rolando

Institutions
a) Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta

Abstract
Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki kawasan perairan yang luas, sehingga sering disebut sebagai negara maritim yang terdiri dari berbagai pulau. Hal ini menjadikan transportasi laut menjadi moda transportasi yang efektif. Pelabuhan adalah tempat dimana terjadi pergantian antar moda transportasi, yaitu dari darat ke laut, serta memiliki beberapa fasilitas inti serta penunjang yang wajib tersedia. Salah satunya adalah terminal penumpang pelabuhan yang memiliki kegiatan embarkasi dan debarkasi didalamnya. Perencanaan alur sirkulasi memerlukan kajian terhadap unsur-unsur sirkulasi seperti pencapaian ke bangunan, bentuk ruang sirkulasi, serta pola sirkulasi didalam terminal penumpang pelabuhan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan alur sirkulasi dari kegiatan embarkasi maupun debarkasi dari terminal penumpang pelabuhan dan pentingnya penataan alur sirkulasi pada bangunan untuk menghindari crossing sirkulasi penumpang, barang, maupun pengantar.

Keywords
Sirkulasi, Embarkasi, Debarkasi, Terminal, Pelabuhan

Topic
Evaluasi Kualitas Komponen Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uYzwrVkQnPRh


Pengaruh Kebudayaan Lokal Dalam Penerapan Desain Interior Ruang Tunggu VIP Pada Bandara Sultan Syarif Kasim II Pekanbaru
M Dhuana Putra Sinuraya (a*), I.Gede Oka Sindhu Pribadi (b), Dwi Rosnarti֗ (c)

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Corresponding Author
dhuana putra sinuraya

Institutions
a), b), c) Jurusan Arsitektur, Universitas Trisakti, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta

Abstract
Bandara udara bukan hanya sekedar fasilitas bagi transportasi udara, tetapi juga sebagai simbol dan gerbang masuk ke suatu kawasan, sehingga bandara udara dapat mencerminkan pesan dan kesan yang baik kepada pengguna bagi daerah yang dikunjungi. Selain itu bandara dapat menjadi sebuah ikon bagi daerah nya, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari cara bandara tersebut beroperasi melayani penumpang. Desain dan fasilitas yang disediakan juga bukan hanya sekedar menjadi tempat orang datang dan pergi, tetapi ada aktifitas lain didalam nya. Ruang tunggu salah satu bagian dari bandara yang menjadi perhatian khusus, terutama ruang tunggu VIP, karena tidak digunakan untuk kalangan umum dan hanya digunakan untuk kalangan atas baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Sehingga bandara menjadi peluang Indonesia untuk membangun citra dan keunikan kebudayaan lokal bagi masyarakat internasional, dengan tujuan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian dan kunjungan wisata.

Keywords
Bandara Udara, Ruang Tunggu, Neo-Vernacular

Topic
Penerapan Konsep Desain pada Rancangan Lingkungan Terbangun

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CTvJR4hpm2WQ


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