Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Ojo Kurdi

Institutions
Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
National Center of Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Melaka (UTEM), Melaka, Malaysia

Abstract
At present the bus is a means of transportation which is believed to be able to overcome the problem of mass transportation and is expected to reduce the density of traffic flow. The reality in the field of traffic accidents involving buses often occurs, including buses that have slips, rolled over, collided with other vehicles or fellow buses from the front, rear and side, and so on. The choice of material in the frame structure must be considered, where the material must have characteristics that are light, strong against impact, because it will experience static and dynamic loading. This is intended so that there is no structural failure at any time. In this study, a side crash simulation was carried out on the frame structure of a medium-sized electric bus using 3 different types of material. The first material is the standard material of JIS 3445 STKM 13A. Then after simulating with a safe standard material, a simulation with alternative materials is carried out namely Aluminum 6005A T6 and Aluminum 6061 T6. The choice of alternative materials aims to reduce the weight of the vehicle and still pay attention to the security factor in the form of residual space. In the three types of simulated materials, the Baja JIS 3445 STKM 13A material weighs 2456 Kg, displaces 96.72 mm and voltage 215.5 MPa. Then the material of Aluminum 6005A T6 has a weight of 1122 Kg, displacement of 109.8 mm, and a voltage of 230.5 MPa. While the material of Aluminum 6061 T6 has a weight of 941.9 kg, displacement of 103 mm, and voltage of 270.5 MPa. From the results of the simulations that have been made, the recommendations for the material that can be used on a medium size electric bus are Aluminum 6061 T6.

Keywords
Electric Bus, Side Collision, Superstucture, Residual Space, Alternative Material

Topic
EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8Nt63PAUJeVD

Corresponding Author
Shafinar Ismail

Institutions
(a)Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka,
110 Off Jalan Hang Tuah, 75300 Melaka, Malaysia
*shafinar138[at]gmail.com

(b)School of Applied Psychology, Social Work and Policy; Universiti Utara Malaysia,
Sintok, 06010 Kedah, Malaysia

Abstract
This study investigates the determinants of saving behavior among government servants. The study focused on financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, financial attitude and financial management practice in relation of saving behavior. The respondents were government servants in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used for this study. 150 questionnaires were distributed to 150 respondents to answer the questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed in two sections, one consisting of demographic information and the second relating to the selection determinants of saving behavior. Result indicates that financial self-efficacy becomes the important factor that influences the saving behavior. Financial self-efficacy is the best predictor as most of government servants are managed to make progress towards financial goals. These findings could be useful references for related organizations as well as body of knowledge and practical implication that are interested in developing personal saving in a context of avoiding from bankruptcy.

Keywords
Saving Behavior, Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Financial Self-Efficacy, Financial Management Practice

Topic
Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9Y3Jejzf68xA

Corresponding Author
Ain Hajawiyah

Institutions
Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Gedung L Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati
*085642734078/ainhajawiyah[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This paper aims to describe the effectiveness of tax amnesty implementation in Indonesia in the term of tax base, tax compliance, and tax revenue. The paper opted for a quantitative descriptive study. The data were collected by documentary analysis, including annual report and performance report of Indonesia Directorate General of Tax. The paper provides insights about the effectiveness of tax amnesty 2016-2017 in Indonesia. It suggests that tax amnesty can improve tax base, tax revenue, and tax compliance among tax payer. Furthermore, in order to check the effect of tax amnesty implementation towards tax compliance, this paper also use quantitative study using manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange as a sample. Panel data regression by using STATA software was used while samples was chosen by purposive sampling technique. The result shows that tax amnesty increase tax compliance among firms. Because of the chosen research approach, the research result is specific and may lack of generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. The paper includes implications for the tax regulator in implementing tax amnesty in the future. This paper fulfills an identified need to study the effectiveness level of tax amnesty implementation in Indonesia. As per our knowledge, there is no previous paper that use detailed data to describe the tax amnesty implementation in Indonesia.

Keywords
tax amnesty, tax base, tax compliance, tax revenue

Topic
Accounting

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kuZqK3PNYhWU

Corresponding Author
Dea Widyaevan

Institutions
Interior Design, Telkom University

Abstract
Hostel gains its popularity due to the rapid growth of urban tourism in Indonesia. The hostel not only offers affordable accommodation, but it also has a more innovative design. In the current social media age, most of the hostel need to be photogenic because the interior has become a part of a branding strategy. Since most of the hostel markets through OTA (online travel agency), their profile image are important to attract customer. These made hostel interior looks appealing on camera gaze. Many of design strategies corporate graphic visualization, unique proportion/composition to fit in camera angle. The technique of mural/graffiti often uses to promote photogenic image on small spaces/ alternative spaces. The feature of graphic as well as image composition has widely used to provoke customer imagination on -advertised- space. The relation of spatial effect between spatial-image relation will be examined to create a new perspective of interior design. These studies choose 3 hostels located - Mural Villages- in Yogyakarta. This hostel is a form of adaptive interior from house to a hostel. In this article, the study focused on aesthetic side of those interior adaptation, as well as the application of mural to create a photogenic space. The mural-s technique and its relation to other interior elements will be examined to seek a new perspective on spatial-image articulation on interior space.

Keywords
interior design, mural, hostel design, graffiti , interior element

Topic
Art

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/N6TVKgWyDaXw

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1State Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Obstetri and Gynecology, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Medical Faculty Brawijaya University, Indonesia
3Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
4Veterinary Medicine School, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
5Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the second cancer type that common in woman and the most caused of woman death all over the world. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection suggested could induced gene hypemethylation. Hypermethylation that occur on p16 tumor suppressor gene promoter resulted in silencing tumor suppressor gene so that the gene is inactive and contribute to malignancy of cancer cells. Tea paracytes or Loranthaceae known to be a plant that have an anticancer potency, correlated to its flavonoids content. Flavonoid from Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser (SAD) suggested have a role in the inhibiting methylation towards p16. This research objective was to identify the potency of Lawang - East Java Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser (SAD) flavonoids compound towards Hela cells. In this study, we examine flavonoids from SAD that been extracted in n-heksan, chloroform, etanol solvent, using TLC Chromatogram and LCMS. We also examined the cells proliferation using MTT assay, apoptotic level was examine by Tunnel, and then completed with methylation level detection using bisulfit direct sequencing method. The result shown that flavonoids that found were : flavanon, dihidroflavonol and flavon; dihidroflavonol, flavanon and cathecin, and flavonol, flavon, and EGCG, respectively.in n hexane, chloroform and ethanol fraction. Flavonoids that were found suggested to have proliferation inhibitor and apoptotic inductor potency via inhibition of p16 promoter of HeLa cells methylation. SAD flavonoids in the n-heksan and chloroform fraction shown the most potent in methylation inhibition. We suggested that combination of flavanon and dihidroflavonol have an important role in p16 demethylation. SAD flavonoids had activity to affect the methylation of p16 and bioactive compound could be one of a novel agent that have to be explore in the future as a demethylating agent in cancer.

Keywords
Methylation, Apoptotic, Proliferation, p16, Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CjWEHZqKU7ha

Corresponding Author
Maghfiroh Gesty Maharani

Institutions
1) Biology Departement, Faculty Mathematics and Science
Universitas Negeri Malang, St. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
* srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is the highest risk of CVD which is the biggest disease leading death. One of the Indonesian medicinal plants is single bulb garlic with high flavonoids concentration. Lanosterol synthase, an enzyme on the final stage of cholesterol synthesis are the appropriate inhibition stage for drug. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of single bulb garlic flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, and kaempferol) in inhibiting lanosterol synthase. Computational docking analysis was performed using Pyrx, Pymol, Discovery studio, also webserver to predict ADMET and biological activity. Lanosterol synthase was obtained from PDB (PDB ID: IW6J) with RO 48-8071 as native ligand used for control. The results showed binding energy RO 48-8071 (-10,3 kcal / mol), quercetin (-9.8 kcal / mol), isoquercetin (-6.8 kcal / mol ), and kaempferol (-9.9 kcal / mol). Based on interaction and bonding distance, flavonoids have more stable than control. Flavonoids also have potential as APOA1, HMOX1 enhancers, lipid peroxidase inhibitors, cardioprotectant and hepatoprotectant, had high distribution volumes, low toxicity and clearance. This result indicated that quercetin, isoquercetin, and kaempferol from single bulb garlic could be potential ligand to treat hypercholesterolemia, and could proceed to in vitro and in vivo study by improve the absorption.

Keywords
Antihypercholesterolemia, Single Bulb Garlic, Flavonoids, Molecular docking

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xJjUPThvgBfM

Corresponding Author
Fauzi Akhbar Anugrah

Institutions
(1) Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl Semarang 5 Malang, Inonesia (65145)
E-mail: fauzi.akhbar.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Medicinal plants Cinchona (Cinchona Ledgeriana Moens.) was once an Indonesian export commodity many years ago. Unfortunately, the decline of Cinchona production is currently also affected by plant-damaging fungal (Phytophthora infestans). This study aims to obtain endophytic bacteria in healthy Cinchona plants. A number of 64 endophytic bacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit Phytophthora mycelium growth by dual culture technique. Nine isolates had inhibitory activity against fungal mycelium growth above 50% compared to controls. The highest percentage of inhibition is shown by isolate B13 which is 84.31%. Many bacteria are motile and make calculations biased. Furthermore, an antagonistic confirmation test was carried out using a glass ring. Six of them still proved to be consistent in having the ability to inhibit mycelium growth respectively for isolates B13 was 68.32% ± 3.34, isolates D5 67.67% ± 0.92, isolates D13 were 65.43% ± 1.49, isolates B15 were 61.98% ± 1.18, isolates D11 were 58.91% ± 2.06, and B14 isolates at 57.76% ± 2.84. This result is a new literature in the study of the potential of Cinchona plant endophytic bacteria that can be developed for bio-control applications that are safe for plants and the environment.

Keywords
Endophytic bacteria, Cinchona, Dual culture, Antagonistic effect

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rfe6DbHrX7TK

Corresponding Author
Lusi Suciati

Institutions
a) Biology Departement, Faculty Mathematics and Science
Universitas Negeri Malang, St. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
*srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is closely related to hypercholesterolemia (increased levels of total cholesterol in the blood). One effort to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis is by inhibiting the enzyme squalene synthase. The inhibition of the enzyme squalene synthase does not interfere with the biosynthesis of other important biological molecules and thus better side effects are expected for this inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to analyze geraniin, corilagin, and elagic acid compounds of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract as squalene synthase inhibitors. Docking simulation has been performed using PyRx. Data from software and web tools were analyzed descriptively and compared with lapaquistat, a control drug that was proven to inhibit squalene synthase clinically. The docking results indicate that all ligands bind to squalene synthase active site and it has more stable bonds. Geraniin is the compound that has the lowest binding free energy (-12.2 kcal/mol). ADMET results show that on average 80% of geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid compounds are absorbed by human digestion, well distributed, and don-t cause liver toxicity. The overall results indicated that the compounds could be potential as candidates for the structure-based drug design and the development of the pharmaceutical agents to treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords
Geraniin, Corilagin, Ellagic acid, Squalene Syntase, Rambutan Peel, in silico

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FEPxfmAJ9yYa

Corresponding Author
Sitoresmi Prabanigtyas Prabanigtyas

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2) Students of the Biology Undergraduate Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Bacteria and microalgae in the aquatic environment interact in various ways. Some bacteria have the potential to accelerate microalgae growth. Amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria which living in freshwater environments (lakes) can decompose complex compounds into simpler ones that needed by microalgae. However, there is limited information about amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria in Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Grati and Lake Ngebel. This study aims to examine the potential of amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria isolated from Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Grati and Lake Ngebel. The amylolytic test was performed through planted the bacterial isolates from each lake on Amilum agar. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic test was performed using CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) media. Our recent finding from 4 lakes showed that 53 isolates had the potential to hydrolyze starch, and 47 isolates had the potential to hydrolyze cellulose. The ANOVA results showed there were differences significantly (p<0.050) in the hydrolysis ability of amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria isolates. The bacteria with the highest amylum hydrolysis ability were PAS isolates with hydrolysis index 5.89. The bacteria with the highest cellulose hydrolysis ability were PSS isolates with hydrolysis index 6.912. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, PSS isolates were Bacillus paramycoides and PAS isolates were Bacillus subtillis and the two bacterial were isolates from Ranu Pani.

Keywords
amilolytic, cellulolytic, bacteria, lake

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/W4cqbQEZg8XG

Corresponding Author
Siti Imroatul Maslikah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The most common triggers for breast cancer are excessive expression of estrogen-α receptors (ER-α) which play an important role in the growth, development and pathophysiology of the breast, so that ER-α is an attractive drug target. Tamoxifen is one of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) to treat breast cancer patients, but this drug has a detrimental effect on the uterus, so a safe alternative is needed to use herbal ingredients such as Red Betel which is used by Indonesian people as traditional medicine. This study aims to predict the potential of compounds Kaempferitin, β-amyrin, Piperbetol, Piperine and Sesamin Sirih Merah as inhibitors of α-Estrogen Receptors (ER-α) through Molecular docking method, Potency Activity test and ADMET test using several software and web server. The docking results between the five red betel compounds and ER-α were at the same site as the Thamoxifen drug, through alkyl and hydrogen bonds with the affinity value of the red betel compound lower than the control drug. The results showed that red betel active compounds have the potential to be antineoplastic and antioxidant. Red betel active compounds have a good ADMET profile. The conclusions of this study are red betel compounds namely Kaempferitin, β-amyrin, Piperbetol, Piperine and Sesamin as potential candidates for breast anticancer drugs.

Keywords
Breast Cancer, Estrogen-α Receptor (ER-α), Virtual screening

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xudtYymBjZ8n

Corresponding Author
Sari Fuji Faradila

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The Madurese are also known as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia which still maintain the practice of using plants as a traditional medicinal herb. The aimed of this ethnobotany research were to explore the kind of plants used as medicinal plants in Sumenep, along with ways to use and types of diseases that can be treated. The study was conducted in three villages, i.e. Bangselok, Paberasan, and Tanjung, involving village elders, traditional healer, and surrounding communities as research respondents. Observations, interviews, and documentation were used as research data collection techniques, and qualitative descriptive techniques were chosen as research data analysis. The results of the study informed that various plants had been used by the Sumenep community in treating various diseases. Some plants that are commonly used as traditional herb include chilli herbs (Piper retrofractum) and pinang (Areca catechu). These plants are used as herbal ingredients to maintain health and "sari rapet" for household harmony.

Keywords
ethnobotany, traditional medicines, medicinal plants

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GJc2bjyX8Evm

Corresponding Author
putri diyah anggraini

Institutions
1 Magister Program of Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang No. 5
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang No. 5

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is one of autoimmune disease because of oxidative stress that would increase the number of CD4+ cells. It will cause inflammatory and damage in synovial membrane and joints. Conventional therapy which used to overcome inflammatory by administering non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAID) are able to make bleeding and damage gastrointestinal tract and liver. Red betel (Piper crocatum) content flavonoid which has oxidant activity. This research was conducted to determine the effect of red betel leaf extract on the number of CD4 + cells and to find dose are able to reduce number CD4 + cells in RA mice. The animal used were eight weeks of male balb C strain mice were eight weeks with ranged of weight from 28-30 grams. Mice will divide into six groups (normal, RA without therapy, aspirin therapy, therapy by red betel leaf extract dose 100 mg/g, 200 mg/g and 400 mg/g). Each treatment was delivered by gavage with 0.5 ml for 21 days. At the end of treatment, The mice were sectioned and lymphocytes were isolated to count the number of CD4 + cells using flowcytometry. The results showed leaf extract of red betel has an effect to decrease the number of CD4 + cells on RA mice, whereas leaf extract of red betel optimal dose is 200 mg/g and has a tendency to decrease the number of CD4 + cells.

Keywords
red betel leaf extract, rheumatoid arthritis, CD4+

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCwPhMeNZHXA

Corresponding Author
Betty Lukiati

Institutions
a)Departemet of Biology Universitas Negeri Malang
Jalan Semarang 5 Malang

Abstract
Extract of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum for therapy has been widely investigated, including for kidney disease, lung disease, and diarrhea. The solvent used for extraction determines content of the bioactive compounds, and antioxidant level. This study aims to determine total phenols and flavonoids levels, as well as antioxidant activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum rhizome. Total phenol level determined using spectrophotometer at 765 nm, with gallic acid as a standard, while the total flavonoids at 431 nm with quercetin as standard. Antioxidant activity determined by DPPH assay. The strength of antioxidant activity is expressed in IC50 extract values. The results showed total phenol content of Zingiber officinale var rubrum ethanolic extract 155.78 mg GAE/g, while methanolic extract 132.54 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content of ethanol fraction 609.66 mg QE/g, methanolic extract 563.10 mg QE/g. Based on DPPH assay, antioxidant activity was very strong with IC50 of ethanolic extract 44.06 µg/mL, and IC50 of methanol extract 30.11 µg/mL

Keywords
Antioxidant Activity, methanolic and ethanolic extract, total Flavonoid, total Phenol, , Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. rubrum rhizoma extract

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UdCyZzkJ4cKN

Corresponding Author
Ni Luh Putu Emayanti

Institutions
1) Biology Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Sekolah Tinggi Insdustri Turen
a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.co.id b) emayanti0954[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Subak is a traditional organization of farmers in Bali that regulates irrigation systems in a particular area. Subak as a socio-religious pattern that is based on the cultural principle Tri Hita Karana (THK). The purpose is to conserve natural resources through of THK. The component of THK can continue to be used as a powerful tool for mitigating negative impacts of current on the nature and its resources. The research method used was an exploratory survey method by conducting a survey on application of local wisdom. Data was analyzed descriptively. The research locations were in Subak Guama. Each component of THK is elaborated so as to obtain components that have a significant effect on the conservation of natural resources. The results showed these components produced 69.33% of air resources (Bedugul Temple), pawongan component 74.56% of resources for the functioning of agricultural resources such as roads and irrigation channels and palemahan component 79.98% of agroecological components and biota such as: fauna, flora and microbes. Conservation through local wisdom can maintain natural resources in agroecological indicators and biota in subak. Local wisdom is appropriate to be used as a basis for the conservation of natural resources in Subak.

Keywords
local wisdom, air resources, irrigation channels, agroecological, biota

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BJAVT82Nu4Gh

Corresponding Author
WINDANIYAH SRI RAHAYU

Institutions
Magister Program of Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Many peoples having an unhealthy lifestyle, like consuming fast food which has a high-fat content. There are many types of research using HFD (High Fat Diet) woof. HFD composition consists of many various contents. Consuming a HFD can cause several negatives health consequences, including metabolic dysfunction and obesity. The purpose of this study is to know the role of HFD which used our composition in the hyperlipidemic-mice model. Eight weeks old balb-C mice divided into two groups, normal and high-fat diet. Both groups received treatment for four weeks. The proximate test was carried out on both HFD and normal woof. Bodyweight and energy intake were measured at the end of the study. The result shows that the HFD group had a bigger body weight and energy intake. The proximate test showed that HFD contained lipid, protein, saccharide higher than normal woof. These are supported by the proximate test of HFD woof that contains protein and lipid higher than normal woof. The conclusion is HFD increasing body weight and energy intake higher than normal.

Keywords
High Fat Diet, Body weight, Energy Intake

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3rmwbQuqp4nV

Corresponding Author
Ainur Rofieq

Institutions
(a) Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang
(b) Biology Laboratory, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang

*Corresponding author: ainurrofieq[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the content and classify types of snacks sold in high schools containing harmful food additives and analyze the level of student awareness of food additives and their cleanliness. This descriptive-analytic study took samples in the form of snacks sold in schools, as well as students as respondents. This research was conducted in four cities in East Java, i.e. Malang, Blitar, Pasuruan, and Bangkalan. The results showed that there were five types of hazardous food additives identified in 272 snacks samples; one food additive, methanil yellow, was not identified. As much as 103 samples (37.9%) containing harmful substances included borax by 53.9%, saccharine 21.6% (exceeding the threshold), cyclamate 13.7% (exceeding the threshold), Rhodamine-B (5.7%), and formalin 4.9%. Based on the types of snacks, 15 types contain hazardous food additives, most of which are identified in crackers and drinks. While the level of awareness of high school students about food additives and hygiene varied from the moderate level (73.1%), good (16.9%), and poor (10%).

Keywords
Borax; cyclamate; formalin; hazardous food additives; methanil yellow; rhodamine-B; saccharine; students awareness

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FzBdanvA4h7D

Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayu Lestari

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no. 5 Malang, 2 Biology Department, Faculty f Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the effects of a single garlic (Allium sativum) oil (SGO) on the activation of regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: The study was conducted with 24 BALB/c male mice divided into six groups consisting of four mice each, i.e., control group (non-HFD, no treatment), HFD group without treatment, HFD administered with simvastatin, and three HFD groups administered SGO doses of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg, respectively, and continuously treated (with SGO) for 45 days. The relative number of regulatory T cells, IL-10 and TGF β were measured using flow cytometry. Results: HFD decreased the expression of regulatory T cells, and the production of IL-10 and TGF-β compared to the control group. SGO (50 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the activation of regulatory T cells and production of TGF-β in mice fed high-fat diet compared to simvastatin group. The dose of 25 mg/kg SGO significantly increased the level of IL-10 in mice fed a HFD.

Keywords
high-fat diet, immune systeme, single garlic oil

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fLzwxZ8EaPJv

Corresponding Author
Ella Rahmawati Hamiatin

Institutions
1) Biology Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.co.id
b) ellaaramawati[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Preservation of natural resources in Subak Guama, must pay attention to ecological balance. Subak plays an important role in the development of agriculture in Bali. One of them is the management of water resources and soil fertility not only the responsibility of the government but also the responsibility of the local community The purpose of this study is to conserve natural resources through ecological balance based on the fertility of land and water resources. The research location was in Subak Guama, Tabanan, Bali Province. The research method used is an exploratory survey method by conducting an ecological survey based on the level of land hunting and water quality that has been carried out by Guama Subak members. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire for implementing the Ecology component. Data were analyzed descriptively. Each ecological component is described to obtain components that have a significant effect on the preservation of natural resources. The results showed that the preservation of soil resources had a significant effect on cropping patterns, pesticides, and fertilizer composition. Preservation of water resources has a significant effect on the management of irrigation networks and water harvesting.

Keywords
Ecology, Subak, Natural Resources

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8qmPybxLErGj

Corresponding Author
Sri Endah Indriwati

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The Parks in Malang City are valuable assets for people who function as the main producers of producing oxygen. Aside from being a producer of oxygen, parks in the city of Malang are also used as open laboratories to be used as learning resources for students in knowing the characteristics of plants. This study aims to determine the architectural profile of several trees based on their branching patterns in Malang city parks. The method used in this research was survey and direct observations in the park. The data was analyzed descriptively by describing tree architectural patterns based on the pattern of branching in several trees in Malang City Park. The tree was photographed and then described and recorded the results. The results showed that the architectural patterns of several trees showed six stem architectural patterns. The pattern includes patterns of Champagnat, Holtum, Corner, Leeuwenberg, Troll, and Koriba. The results of this architectural description were used as sources of information for urban spatial organizers and used as learning resources that in the form of parks architecture encyclopedias in Malang City.

Keywords
architecture, Malang, parks, trees

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nCHGpwdrxPBj

Corresponding Author
Fendy Hardian Permana

Institutions
Department of Biology Education.
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
One of the biological agents that have many benefits is papaya seed (Carica papaya). On the other hand, papaya seeds also contain some chemical compounds that have toxic properties such as papain and karpain. The aim of this study was to examine the acute toxicity of papaya seed extract by looking at the mortality rates in the population and reviewing the physiological effects manifested by its behavior. Behavior that measured such as the general behavior, aggressiveness and tail movement. The method used to test acute toxicity is by LD50 Miller and Stainter method then categorized its toxicity threshold. Then the emerging physiological impact was analyzed by Likert scale and given the score. After that the data is tested with normality test and one way anova. Toxicity test showed that LD50 extract of papaya seed extract was 18.62 g / kg BW and categorized as practically non toxic. Then there is the effect of papaya seed extract on behavioral physiological and aggressiveness. There was no effect of various doses of papaya seed extract on mouse tail movements

Keywords
Toxicity of papaya seed; Wistar white rat

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tnhGCzpvjg73

Corresponding Author
Qurin Nikmaturrohana

Institutions
a) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
*srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition of excess body fat accumulated which can interference healthy. Indonesian prevalence of obesity at the 2018 is 31,0% and can increase every year. Obesity caused by excess calories and sugar which affect high 11β-HSD1 activity in sugar metabolism regulated by glucocorticoids, however that activity can be inhibited by providing a 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Alliin, allicin, and ajoene from single bulb garlic (Allium sativum) is indicated able to inhibit 11β-HSD1. The aim of the research is predict alliin, allicin, and ajoene as 11β-HSD1 inhibitor for obesity drugs candidate using in silico method. The research performed with physicochemical properties analyze, PA test, pharmacokinetics test and molecular docking of alliin, allicin, ajoene and control drug BVT-2733. The results showed that alliin, allicin, and ajoene have a good oral bioavailability, antioxidant potential, lipoprotein disorders treatment, and lipid metabolism regulator. Based on pharmacokinetics test absorption, distribution and excretion is high and the toxicity is low. The molecular docking show the same binding site and amino acid residue with control drug BVT-2733, the type of bond formed is a hydrogen and hydrophobic bond. The conclusion showed that single bulb garlic has potential to be an oral drug candidate for treating obesity.

Keywords
Obesity, 11β-HSD1, Alliin, Allicin, Ajoene, and In Silico

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zm6WrMjRzGVF

Corresponding Author
Andry Prima

Institutions
Universitas Trisakti
Faculty of Earth Technology and Energy
Petroleum Department,

Abstract
Drilling mud is the most important part in drilling activity. Drilling could work fluently, safely, and economically on fluency by system and condition of drilling mud. It means the mud system and the physical properties of the slurry conform to the required specifications. There are some kinds of drilling mud that can be used in oil and gas drilling operation, such as water base mud and oil base mud. In terms of economical objective, water base mud is usually used in drilling process. The purpose of this study is to conduct laboratory research of the effect of various temperatures on the characteristic of mud system of low solid mud by adding biopolymer and bentonite extender. This research uses roller oven method as a medium for simulation to condition the mud as close as possible to the condition in wellbore to see the change of physical properties of sludge at various temperatures. The result found is that the higher the temperature, the lower the drilling mud physical properties such as density, viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, dial reading 600 RPM, dial reading 300 RPM, and gel strength. However, it is found that not all the physical properties decrease.

Keywords
drillig mud, bentonite, extender, mud cake, polymer, pH, laboratory study

Topic
Petroleum and Geothermal Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gamcL439YGFA

Corresponding Author
Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti

Institutions
Laboratory of Genetics and Breedings, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
The need for high nutritional fruits such as melon continues to increase in Indonesia. Melon also becomes a source of income because it has marketing prospects and high interest from the society. Begomovirus is one of severe disease which often cause a decrease of fruit production. Until now there were only two cultivars which were claimed to have resistance against Geminivirus, ‘Gracia- and ‘Madesta-. Furthermore, the Faculty of Biology UGM has developed several varieties of melon which was expected to become resistance against Begomovirus. The aims of this research was evaluate the resistance of 9 melon genotypes to Begomovirus infection using symptoms observations and molecular detection. Melon samples was inoculated by insect transmission inside screenhouse and observed every 3 days for 4 weeks. Symptoms severity was revealed as vulnerability index. Furthermore, the results of symptom observations was confirmed using molecular detection. The results showed that no cultivars was truly resistance against Begomovirus. ‘Gracia-. ‘Tacapa GB-, and ‘Tacapa Silver- showed tolerance response against Begomovirus while the others only categorized as moderate susceptible. All infected samples which identified by symptoms observations also amplified DNA virus when tested using PCR. Molecular detection was promising fast and reliable detection for Begomovirus infection.

Keywords
melon; Begomovirus; resistance response; PCR detection; symptom severity

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KUF4twRYTrLd

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Athif Firasmoko

Institutions
a. Master Program on Planning and Management of Coastal Area and Watershed, Universitas Gadjah Mada Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
b. Departement of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
*arismarfai[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
Tides and abrasions as the impact of climate change pose serious risks to coastal communities in Brebes Regency. The coastal communities of Brebes Regency have social capital for disaster risk reduction as a form of disaster adaptation and mitigation strategies. Social capital in disaster management is an effort to improve emergency preparedness and respond to the disaster recovery and reconstruction process. The objective of this research is to analyze the social capital of coastal area societies in the effort of disaster mitigation as the result of climate change into three social capital (bonding, bridging, linking). The respondents are the societies who join disaster care association in Kaliwlingi, Sawojajar, and Karangdempel Village, Brebes Subdistrict. The research result indicates that bonding social capital of Kaliwlingi, Sawojajar, and Karangdempel Village is seen from trust, norms, knowledge, awareness, social activities numbers and routine, participation, basic facility and individual-s characteristics. However, Karangdempel and Sawojajar village has lower social activities, participation, and awareness than Kaliwlingi Village. The bridging social capital in Kaliwlingi, Sawojajar, and Karangdempel Village can be seen fromsome groups. However, Sawojajar and Kaliwlingi Village has internal problem so that it reduces the benefits of group. Linking social capital runs well in Kaliwlingi and Sawojajar village because the stakeholder moves actively. However, there is a problem which reduces linking social capital in Sawojajar and Karangdempel Village and make it nonoptimal.

Keywords
social capital, climate change, coastal area

Topic
Disaster Management and Environmental Issues

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/69KM2BTDXhHw

Corresponding Author
UUN ROHMAWATI

Institutions
State University of Malang

Abstract
Xylanase enzyme is extracellular enzyme that plays a role in hidrolyzing xylan into short chains of xylose and xylooligosaccharides. The xylanase enzyme is one of the most important enzymes in various industrial sectors including the paper, textile and xylitol industries. Xylanase enzyme are produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi with the help of xylan as an xylanase enzyme induction medium. The use of commercial xylan in industrial scale xylanase production is not economical because the price is too expensive $ 180-200/kg, so that an alternative is needed to use xylan from agricultural waste such as bagasse and wheat bran. Bagasse and wheat bran contain higher xylan compared to other agricultural wastes are 29.2% and 43.2%. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration in mixing bagasse and wheat bran substrates to the xylanase enzyme activity produced by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae through the 2,4 dinitrosalicylic acid method. The test results of the xylanase enzyme activity of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae showed that xylanase production increased with increasing concentration of wheat bran and decreased by adding concentration of bagasse. Based on the results of the enzyme activity test it can be concluded that the substrate which produces high xylanase enzyme at 100% wheat bran is 6.6 U / mL, while mixing the wheat bran and bagasse substrate which produces high xylanase activity at a concentration ratio of 75% wheat bran added 25% bagasse that is equal to 5.4 U / mL. The xylanase enzyme activity produced by Aspergillus oryzae was higher than Aspergillus niger which was 4.49 U / mL.

Keywords
Xylanase, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/23HhTNeubdZw

Corresponding Author
Liqiang Ma

Institutions
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology

Abstract
During mode-I crack development of sandstone flattened Brazilian disk (FBD) specimen, the thermocouple multi-channel temperature measuring instrument is used to measure the temperature variation. The thermal infrared imager is also used to measure the infrared radiation temperature variation. In the thermocouple multi-channel temperature test, about 95% of the specimens have experienced stress change at crack initiation. Meanwhile, there is a sudden increase in physical temperature. The maximum temperature increases by 0.74°C and the average temperature increases by 0.16°C. In the test by thermal infrared imager, about 20% of the infrared radiation temperature rises at crack initiation (the average temperature increases by 0.03°C). The experimental results show that the physical temperature measurement technology and infrared temperature measurement technology can capture the temperature variation in crack development before coal and rocks fail. The results can be applied in mining engineering, such as crack development in water-preserved mining, rock strata control and so on.

Keywords
Flattened Brazilian disk; Mode-I specimen; Temperature field; Infrared radiation; Crack development; Water-preserved mining

Topic
Mining and Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yJK3WYE8ahGc

Corresponding Author
granitha chandika komsi

Institutions
1) Biologi Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Malang
2) Sekolah Tinggi Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.co.id
b) Ikachandika[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Based on the 2017 water quality monitoring, the Brantas and Bengawan Solo water quality conditions in East Java have decreased. According to water quality standards, indications of the discharge of liquid waste into rivers which causes polluted water. Based on water quality standards there are indications of the discharge of liquid waste into rivers which causes polluted water. One of the industrial wastes is sugar factory waste. The purpose of the research is to test the quality of wastewater to the content of PO4 levels in wastewater based on the quality limits of ministerial regulations and WHO. The research method used by conducting experiments on liquid waste with three sampling points that will be treated as much as 6 days and 3 replications are using Ipomoea aquatic (water spinach). By using post-only control group design. The results of the study revealed that phosphate levels at the beginning of the plant waste disposal showed high concentrations before being treated at 0.86 mg / L. It was known that on the fifth day it decreased to 0.61 mg / L, based on the phosphate level threshold, the phosphate level in wastewater still exceeded the threshold of ≥ 0.07 according to WHO provisions.

Keywords
phytoremediation, Phosphate, Wastewater

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NBRK8qAkDweJ

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65341

a) Corresponding author: sutrisno.kimia[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Sesame seed oil is a vegetable oil sourced from sesame seed extract. Sesame seed oil is rich with unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid (C18:1 9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2 9c12c, ω-6). Sesame seed oil has not been widely utilized in the field of pharmacy, because it is expensive and more used for cooking. Previous studies show that sesame seed oil had no antibacterial activity and was acquired the fatty acid constituent components of sesame seed oil. The research aims are: (1) Transformation sesame seed oil into its derivatives, (2) characterization the sesame seed oil derivative products (3) identification of the product of sesame seed oil and (4) evaluation of antibacterial activity of its derivatives. The research consisted of 5 stages. Stage 1: characterization and identification of sesame seed oil which includes appearance, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number, IR spectrum interpretation and GC-MS. Stage 2: synthesis, characterization and identification which includes the appearance, color, melting point, solubility test and IR spectrum interpretation of potassium soap. Stage 3: synthesis, characterization and identification which include form, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, boiling point, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number and IR spectrum interpretation of fatty acids. Stage 4: transesterification of sesame seed oil, characterization and identification which include appearance, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number, IR spectrum interpretation and GC-MS. Stage 5: evaluation of antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli bacteria. The saponification of sesame seed oil with potassium hydroxide produced potassium soap with solid tangible yellowish white appearance and has a melting point 235 – 240 oC. Acidification potassium soap with hydrochloric acid was obtained a yellowish liquid fatty acid, density of 0.93 g.mL-1, refractive index 1.46 (25 º C), viscosity 60.54 cSt, acid number 140.55, saponification number 165.55, and ester number 25.00. Transesterification of sesame seed oil using methanol catalyzed potassium hydroxide produced methyl ester liquid fatty acids yellow colored, density of 0.89 g.mL-1, refractive index 1.45 (25 º C), viscosity 35.06 cSt, acid number 0.56, saponification number 429.21, and ester 428.65. Potassium soap (2% and 1%), fatty acids (2% and 1%), and methyl ester is 2% were active as an antibacterial agent to Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with medium category.

Keywords
triglyceride derivatives, sesame seeds oil, antibacterial

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YU8pKQHvqgGJ

Corresponding Author
Dewi Ayu Lestari

Institutions
Purwodadi Botanic Garden – Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract
Efforts of ex-situ conservation need to be carried out to prevent threat of extinction in plant species of Annonaceae family, and one of them is collected at Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). The collections of Annonaceae in PBG have experienced dynamics over the past of 12 years. These dynamics affect diversity and conservation efforts. This study aims to determine the dynamics or development of Annonaceae plant collections in PBG for the past of 12 years and how their conservation efforts. The methods used primary and secondary data collections, measurement of stem diameter, plant height and branch-free stem height (BFS) to determine the condition of Annonaceae plant collections related to their adaptation in PBG and measurement of microclimatic data. Data were analyzed descriptively and analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the statistical program PAST 4.0. The Annonaceae plant collections in PBG have fluctuated in the number, genera, species, specimens and genera that have not been identified. Dominant originated from East Kalimantan, East Java and South Kalimantan with plant addition of 28 numbers, 10 genera, 6 species, 58 specimens, 7 genera that have not been identified to the species level and 81 times of species identity changes. Annonaceae plant collections in PBG was able to well adapt and develop based on the average of stem diameter, where collections was planted in 1980s have larger stem diameter than the 1990s and 2000s. Humidity and light intensity are the most influential environmental factors for plant growth, especially for branch development (stem diameter and BFS). The management of Annonaceae plant collections in PBG was the maintenance activities such as pruning, watering, fertilizing, pulping, data collecting, monitoring of flowering and fruiting for selected collection plants and adding of plant collections through exploration activities) and several studies to explore aspects of species usefulness to support of conservation.

Keywords
Annonaceae, adaptation, dynamics, conservation, PBG

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vqNpc2WCDdHb

Corresponding Author
Sofia Ery Rahayu

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 05 Malang 65145, Indonesia
a) Corresponding author: sofia.ery.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
3) Department of Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Thailand and Ungu cultivars are two of the many cultivated papaya cultivars in East Java. In addition to fruit, papaya leaves are also widely used as a traditional insecticides. The purpose of the study was to determine the active compounds, total phenols, total flavonoid, and antifeedant activity of papaya leaf extract of those cultivars against Spodoptera litura F. larvae. Papaya leaves were macerated with methanol. Phytochemical of leaf extract determined using LCMS. Total phenol and total flavonoids were measured based on the spectrophotometric method. Antifeedant activity was tested on instar 3 phase larvae with choice method. Feed leaves sprayed with different concentration of papaya leaves extract and repeated 10 times. The screening result showed that there are 62 compounds detected in Ungu extract and 60 compounds in Thailand extract. The highest total phenol content was found in Ungu extract. Meanwhile the highest total flavonoid content was detected in Thailand extract. The treatment of 40% and 50% of both extracts significantly inhibited eating activity to 100%. Statistically, the combination between the type of extract and concentration showed significant antifeedant activity. According to the result, the different of antifeedant activity of exctract caused by the difference of the phytochemicals content . The extracts of Thailand and Ungu papaya leaf had the potential to be antifeedant for S. litura larvae.

Keywords
papaya leaf extract, phytochemical screening, antifeedant activity, Spodoptera litura larvae

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hdr3NtCWcyvw