Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Setiyo Gunawan

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*Corresponding author:
Email: gunawan[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id
Tel: +62-31-5946240; Fax: +62-31-5999282

Abstract
Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is one of tubers which is available in almost all regions in Indonesia. However, due to the high content of cyanide acid, these tubers cannot be consumed directly. Therefore, proper processing techniques are needed to improve the nutritional value in gadung tubers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fermentation time and initial bacteria cells number on improving the quality of modified gadung flour. Before fermentation process, gadung tubers were soaked in water at a ratio of 1:50 for 120 minutes to reduce levels of cyanide acid (161.83 ppm to 53.21 ppm). The fermentation time was performed for different periods of time (12, 24, and 36 hours) with intitial bacteria cell number of 1,21 x 1011 cells of Lactobacillus plantarum. The result showed that swelling power of modified gadung flour (6.75 g/g) was greater than wheat flour (4.57 g/g) but water solubility and flour whiteness degree of gadung flour (0.56% and 71.43%) were close to wheat flour (1.06% and 74,94% - 76.38%), for fermentation time of 36 hours.

Keywords
modified gadung flour, swelling power, water solubility, whiteness degree

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tYCEw7Muec4h

Corresponding Author
Anistasia Milandia

Institutions
Department of Metallurgy Engginering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract
Direct Reduction is one of the process to converted iron ore into metallic iron. The conversion of iron oxide into metallic iron occurs through saveral stages of intermediate phase. This intermediate phase included of hematite, magnetite and wustite. Iron ore direct reduction is the process involved high temperature it is because temperatures will provide heat energy. Sufficient heat energy will ensure all stages of converted phase completely reacted. To analize heat energy inside of the speciemen, Ansys software was utilized to simulated iron ore direct reduction process. This simulation using agglomerate spherical and cilindrical form. Temperatures simulation take place at 900 into 1100 Celcius for 30 and 69 minute. This simulation also simulated carbon monoxide (CO) as reduction gas at 1 atm.

Keywords
Iron Ore; Direct Reduction; Heat Energy;Simulation

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mX4txbrMLPnR

Corresponding Author
Shitta Aspendira Dharmastuti Adisasmito

Institutions
a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
Kampus Baru UI Depok
Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
*shitta.aspendira[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
Kampus Baru UI Depok
Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Succinic acid is one of the 12 top chemicals building block by the United States Department of Energy that has applications in various industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, cosmetics, and agriculture. One of the bacteria that can produce succinic acid is Actinobacillus succinogenes, which is included in the Actinobacteria phylum (0.86%) in ruminants, especially in the cattle rumen. Actinobacillus succinogenes has the ability to produce natural succinic acid with high yield value, productivity, and fermentation efficiency with renewable resources. Succinic acid can be produced through fermentation configuration from bacteria isolate with the help of OPEFB biomass as the carbon source. The fermentation process in this study uses a Semi-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation configuration which is a combination of Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation configuration to increase the yield of succinic acid. This study aims to obtain bio-succinic acid using bacteria isolates from the goats rumen through SSSF configuration and obtain the initial glucose concentration, nitrogen source concentration, and concentration of pH regulating compounds to optimize the concentration, yield, and productivity of succinic bio-acid. This research will begin with the isolation of bacteria from the goat rumen, OPEFB preparations, and fermentation process will be carried out.

Keywords
Bio-Succinic Acid; SSSF; OPEFB; goat rumen.

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jWXkKBzYHPE4

Corresponding Author
Mohammad Effendy

Institutions
University of Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman km 3 Cilegon, 42435, Indonesia

Abstract
The catalytic reaction is a heterogeneous process that involved gas and solid phases. To figure out the effects of changing the direction flow in alternating-Reverse Flow Reactor (RFR), the performance analysis on catalytic reaction rate must be considered the effect of interparticle diffusion. RFR is a fixed bed reactor where the direction flow was changed based time periodic. The dynamics flow caused the tortuosity behaves dynamically. It affected interparticle diffusion and eventually influenced the reaction rate. To interpret the influences of interparticle diffusion to reaction rate, it is approached by the effectiveness factors. The procedure was used to estimate the effectiveness factors by reaction rate simulation model, where the barrier of interparticle diffusion was considered in any point of reactor without numerical integration of diffusion equations in the pellet. The equation model was solved by software FlexPDE version 6, where arising of the direction flow was resolved by spatial measurements. The conversion of reaction from simulation method was compared by experimental data. The main parameter that contributed of simulation rate is effectiveness factor. The results indicated that the reverse flow operation in the fixed bed reactor produced the effectiveness factor that behaved dynamic. In particular, it can improve the performance of reactor if it is compared by steady-state conditions. The mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the oxidation of methane in RFR has been well validated

Keywords
Reverse flow reactor, Intraparticle diffusion, effectiveness factors dynamic

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LkWByH7vbfN9

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Ali Alhamidi

Institutions
a, b) Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Banten
Jalan Jend. Sudirman Km.03, Banten 42435, Indonesia
*alhamidi[at]untirta.ac.id
c) Fluid Power Division, PT. Yerry Primatama Hosindo, Tangerang, Indonesia
d) PT. Wanatiara Persada, Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract
An Alumunium alloy (AA) 6061 was solution treated at 520 0C for 1.5 h and quenched in iced-water. The sample subsequently processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) at 50% reduction in one cycle and aged at temperatures of 100, 150, 200 0C for 60, 300, 6000, 9000, 12000, 30000 and 60000 s. The hardness measurement was found that high hardness attained of ~54 HV for sample after cold rolled and subsequently aged up to 60000 s at 100 0C after ARB process. The SEM observation was also showed that the grain sizes were reduced to ~2 mm and the distribution of second-phase Mg2Si particles had become homogeneous. X-ray diffraction analysis by using high score plus software reveal that the significant increase in hardness and strength is due to the formation of second-phase and high micro-strain to 12.54 x 10-4 for sample after processed ARB and aged at low temperature.

Keywords
Alumunium Alloy 6061, Accumulative roll bonding (ARB), SEM, XRD

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cUYfayLJCXR4

Corresponding Author
Isni Nur Sadrina

Institutions
Bioprocess Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is one of the main types of solid waste which is continuously produced from palm oil mills. OPEFB contains lignocellulose to which the hemicellulose can be converted into furfural, an important precursor material used for producing high value chemicals, by means of hydrolysis reaction. This process must be preceded by pretreatment in order to disrupt compact lignocellulose structure of OPEFB and to expose hemicellulose for further hydrolysis reaction. In this study, the optimum pretreatment conditions of OPEFB for hemicellulose recovery by microwave assisted alkali method with aqueous sodium hydroxide is evaluated by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-level three-factorial Box-Behnken design. OPEFB powder with different size ranging from 30 - 40 mesh was immersed into sodium hydroxide solution at 1 : 10 solid-liquid ratio. Variations of sodium hydroxide concentrations (1; 2; 3%), microwave power (280; 560; 840 Watt), and radiation time (3; 6; 9 minutes) were examined in this study. The quadratic model showed that pretreatment at 593.43-Watt and 1.15 % sodium hydroxide concentration for 5.99 minutes recovered the highest hemicellulose of OPEFB i.e. 23.22%.

Keywords
hemicellulose, oil palm empty fruit bunch, microwave assisted pretreatment, response surface methodology, sodium hydroxide

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZwUnQ9eHtRNT

Corresponding Author
Tri Partuti

Institutions
University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cilegon, Banten

Abstract
This research is a qualitative and quantitative study to analyse the influence of online shopping system on consumptive behaviour of female workers in Cilegon City, Indonesia. The respondents are female workers, especially who live in Kebon Dalem, Purwakarta subdistrict, Cilegon City. Non-random sampling technique will use in this research and the data will collect from questionnaire, observation, documentation and interview. The data will analyse using statistical analysis with a simple linier regression formula. The SPSS program will use to process the datas.

Keywords
online shopping system, female workers, consumptive behaviour, linier regression

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/neCRrKN8LXJu

Corresponding Author
Sutarsi sutarsi

Institutions
1 Departement of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Abstract
Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. known as temulawak, Javanese ginger or Javanese turmeric, is a plant species, belonging to the ginger family. This plant is originated from Indonesia, more specifically from Java island, and usually used as medicine. It contain high amount of phenolic compound namely curcumin. Supercritical carbondioxide extraction technique was employed to extract curcumin from temulawak. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature, pressure and CO2 flow rate to extraction yield and curcumin recovery from C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide and cosolvent ethanol. Box-Behken Design (BBD) experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize extraction yield and curcumin recovery. The extraction conditions at temperature of 40oC, pressure of 25 MPa and CO2 flow rate of 5.34 ml/min produced the optimum extraction yield of 10.4% and curcumin recovery of 3.2%. From FTIR analysis, although physical-chemical structure in starting material an residue almost similar, but the quantity of all functional grups in residue decreased from the starting material. From SEM analysis, it was confirmed that the cell was broken due to high pressure effect and finally the material structure was altered.

Keywords
curcumin, Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., phenolic compounds, supercritical CO2 extraction

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/R8JnAMd6aHK3

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Syahid

Institutions
Department of Mechanical Engineering Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composite reinforced Carbon Nano Tubes are widely developed because it can increase mechanical strength without reducing its ductility. One of the AMC / CNT manufacturing processes is through the stir casting method. The challenge of the Al / CNT manufacturing process is the occurrence of agglomeration and CNT not homogeneous so that the right casting parameters are needed to obtain optimal results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pouring temperature on the mechanical strength and microstructure of aluminium 6061 by adding Carbon Nanotube (CNT) through the stir casting method. The CNT is added by 0.1% wt and pouring temperature at 700 oC, 730 oC and 760 oC. Mechanical tests carried out were tensile test, hardness test, and impact test. The highest value of hardness and tensile strength was obtained at the pouring temperature of 700 oC are78 HV and 80.97 MPa. Lower pouring temperature causes smaller grain size so that it has higher strength. The distribution of hardness values at the top, middle and bottom of the specimen is not evenly distributed, but does not differ greatly for all pouring temperatures. The highest value of impact strength is obtained at the pouring temperature of 760 oC which is 0.128 J / mm2. Microstructure was shown the addition of CNTs caused the size of primary silicon and aluminium grains to be small which would increase the mechanical properties

Keywords
AMC, CNT, Stir Casting

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bzhvfdGjYN8U

Corresponding Author
Yus Rama Denny

Institutions
1 Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Ciwaru Raya No. 25, Cipare, Serang, Banten 42117, Indonesia

2 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3 Cilegon, Banten 42435, Indonesia

Abstract
The results of the studies carried out on the effect of varying the precursor concentration and annealed substrate on the crystal structure, electronic and optical properties of ZnO thin film synthesized are presented in this article. An aqueous solution of Acid Nitrite was used as precursors and its concentration was varied from 0.1 M to 0.4 M. The ZnO thin film was deposited on the glass substrate by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition and annealed with different temperature from 300 oC to 600 oC. The crystal structure, electronic and optical properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and UV-Spectrometer. Whereas, the surface morphology and the grain size of the thin films were investigated by SEM. Particles with sizes ranging between 21.83 to 43.67 nm were synthesized by varying the precursor concentrations and varying annealed substrate temperature. It showed that concentration of the precursor had slightly impact to the particle size. However, the increase in particle size with increasing annealed temperature is found to be gradual. Particle sizes calculated from the X Ray diffraction studies of the samples using Scherrer formula were found to agree fairly well with those estimated from band gap values. The average transparent of all thin film was more than 75%. The band gap of the ZnO thin films were estimated by Tauc Plot Relation. It showed that the band gap values were increased with the increasing of precursor concentration due to Burstein-Moss Effect. In addition, the decrease in band gap values was found with increasing annealed temperature. Our results demonstrated that the varying precursor concentration and annealed substrate temperature can enhance the structure, electronic and the optical properties of ZnO thin films.

Keywords
ZnO thin film; Spray Pyrolysis; Electronic properties; optical properties; Precusor Concentration; Substrate Temperature

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CwxGcbze68qr

Corresponding Author
Febriyati Puspasari

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty Technology of Industry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*onramus[at]chem-eng.its.ac.id

Abstract
Cassava starch is one of the biopolymers which can be degraded to many useful products such as reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and modified starch. However, it has a solid granule structure that can inhibit its degradation process. High shear mixing (HSM) is a well-known method for dissolving biopolymers. Shear effect of HSM created by narrow slit between rotor and stator which can be increased by the increase of rotational speed. By increasing its shear effect, HSM is able to cut the glycosidic bond of starch to produce reducing sugar. Therefore, this study aims to study the effect of high shear rate to granule structure and reducing sugar product. The HSM process was carried out on the suspension of cassava starch with concentration of 1/20 (g/mL) for 15 min at various stirring speeds (5000-15000 RPM). Products produced from the process are separated between solid and liquid for analysis. Solid products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), and Viscometer Ubbelohde. While liquid products were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with the DNS method. Based on the experimental results, HSM produced reducing sugar up to 0.1972 mg/mL. Granule breakage was also observed by SEM and increasing of nanoscale granule.

Keywords
Cassava Starch; Degradation; High Shear Mixing; Homogenization; Reducing Sugar

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PFMVfquZnXJh

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Rifai

Institutions
a) Center of Science and Technology for Advanced Material, National Nuclear Energy Agency
Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
*iamrifai[at]yahoo.com
b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.

Abstract
Corrosion fatigue properties of ultrafine grained (UFG) Fe-20%Cr steel by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated in term of grain refinement and stored energy. Iron chromium alloy as referred to as stainless-steel has been wide used as a material for cardiovascular stents, orthopedic and different implants used as biomedical application because of the plasticity and corrosion resistance. The improvement of strength was related to the grain refinement by ECAP process, however the decreasing of ductility is occurred. Effect of the grain boundary status can be examined by comparison between equilibrium dan non-equilibrium by annealing at 698 K. Under annealing temperature of 698 K, due to the recovery stage, there was a little difference in microstructure from the four passes ECAP. The corrosion fatigue life of the ECAP processed and the post-ECAP annealed sample was analyzed. Two mechanisms for crack propagation have been well recognized for stainless steel. One is slipping step dissolution mode. In this model, the slip step formed by active dislocation at a crack tip is anodic dissolution reaction, so that crack tip advance to further distance. The other is stress adsorption mechanism. The corrosion fatigue cracks initiation and cracks propagation process of iron-chromium alloy can be characterized by corrosion pits and intergranular fracture, respectively.

Keywords
Iron chromium; grain refinement; ECAP; Corrosion fatigue

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TAd6p4gfBkcN

Corresponding Author
Agus Pramono

Institutions
Department of Metallurgy Engineering


Department of Chemical Engineering

Indonesia-Center of Excellence for Food Security Untirta (I-CIFERY)

University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3, Kotabumi, Kec. Purwakarta, Kota Cilegon, Banten 42435, Indonesia

PIU IDB, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa,
LPPM Building, 2nd floor, Jalan Raya Jakarta Km 4 Pakupatan, Serang – Banten Province, 42124, Indonesia

Abstract
The milkfish bones (chanos-chanos forsk/CCF) contains of: Ca 4%, P 3%, and protein 32%, it is necessary of processed new products so that the waste can be used optimally. The milkfish content contains various metallic elements which can be combined metallurgically with aluminum (Al) as a matrix and Titanium (Ti)/magnesium (Mg) as a wetting element which will give an interface between materials, so that it can be used as a composite material with material content of more than one type of matrix being a composite hybrid. Milkfish bone material is calcined at a temperature of 600 Celcius, and made into Hydroxyapatite. This material is made as reinforcement by mixing on Aluminum with Magnesium and lightweight metal as well, to be processed into hybrid composite material. The study refers to the influenced of the stress distribution at the process of composites based on milkfish calcination on the mechanical properties was produced by Self High Propagating Temperatures Synthesis (SHS) Method

Keywords
Milkfish bone, hybrid composites, Aluminum, SHS method, Stress Distribution and Hydroxiapatite

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9PFtzwyAkU2W

Corresponding Author
Bening Nurul Hidayah Kambuna

Institutions
a) Metallurgical engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
*kambuna.bening[at]gmail.com
b) Metallurgical engineering Department, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
In the processing of nickel ore into ferronickel, simultaneously dust is produced in the rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace. The dust still contains nickel. Dust is formed into pellets and will be reused in rotary kiln for ferronickel production Ferronickel dust pellet is processed by reduction through addition of coal as much as 10% of pellet weight with a variation of reduction temperature at 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C to observe growth of ferronickel particles. Study of reduction of composite pellets, pellet of ferronickel plant dust are mixed with coal reductor as much as 10% of their weight and then reduced at temperature of 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C for 30 minutes. Reduction behavior of pellet can be analyzed with XRD and analysis of particle growth of ferronickel was observed by using optical microscope. At this temperature SiO2 reduced to Si and reacts with Fe to form Fe3Si. The length of ferronickel particles increases along with increase of temperature. At a temperature of 1000°C = 43μm, 1100°C = 152 μm, 1200°C = 419 μm, 1300°C = 736 μm, to 1400°C = 1426 μm. Increasing ferronickel particles showed that particle growth occurs on increasing the temperature.

Keywords
Rotary Kiln, Ferronickel Dust Pellet, coal, Particle Size of Ferronickel

Topic
Metallurgy Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/g6qRTfxcCBQM

Corresponding Author
Muthia Elma

Institutions
1 Chemical Engineering Departement, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, 70714, Indonesia
2 Environmental Engineering Departement, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, 70714, Indonesia
3 Material and Membrane Research Group (M2ReG), Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 70714

Abstract
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) content in peat water is a major problem of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration (UF). For that, two stages adsorption as pre-treatment was employed to minimize the membrane fouling of NOM content. This research were carried out to investigate the effect of two stages adsorption on ultrafiltration performance for NOM removal that remains in peat water. This method was using powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage of 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480, 560, 640, 720, 800, 880 dan 960 mg L-1. Then, Polysulfone (Psf) material was employed for Ultra filtration process. Membrane was applied in a dead-end mode with various operating pressure (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 bar). As a results, the optimum dose of PAC was 800 mg L-1 with dosage ratio of 0.75:0.25. Two stages adsorption-UF PSf provided the range from 86.9 to 92.8% of KMnO4 and 74.1-88.1% of UV254. For the experimental condition of 3 bar, the highest flux was achieved up to 39.919 L h-1 m-2.

Keywords
Natural organic matter fouling, peat water, polysulfone, two stage-adsorption, ultrafiltration

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/n8NL9krUhHJw

Corresponding Author
Ani Umyati

Institutions
(a*) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Jl. Jend Sudirman Km.03 Cilegon Banten
ani.umyati[at]untirta.a.c.id

(b) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Jl. Jend Sudirman Km.03 Cilegon Banten

Abstract
Sintering Plant at PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk apply a shift work system which is divided into three shifts. The difference in work shifts will result in differences in the operator-s physical and mental workload. Through data processing of body mass index (BMI), energy consumption and % CVL, it is known that there are 16 operators with normal BMI, consisting of 7 operators who have a light physical workload (<30%), 5 operators that experience moderate physical workload (30% -60% ) and 4 operators experience a rather heavy workload (60% -80%). Through processing with the NASA-TLX method, it can be seen that the mental workload score on 16 operators is in the range 52-92. So that the results show that operators in shift 1 have an average physical workload higher than shift operators 2 and 3. While operators in shift 3 have an average mental workload score higher than shift operators 1 and 2.

Keywords
Shift work, Physical workload, Mental Workload, Energy Consumption, NASA TLX

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ECT4zkc8VK36

Corresponding Author
N Nuryoto

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Departement, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Serang, Banten Indonesia; Email: nuryoto[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
In the heterogeneous system, reaction temperature and catalyst loading are very affected to the fluid diffusivities and molecular interaction in active sites of catalyst. Theoritically, increasing both of them ensued to increases the chemical reaction rate. The aim of this research was to know how effect of reaction temperature and catalyst loading to reaction rate in esterification of oleic acid with glycerol, based on oleic acid conversion result. The experiments were carried out in batch reactor by reaction temperature from 160 to 200oC, catalyst loading of 0.5 - 2 wt % of oleic acid, reactant ratio of 3 glycerol mole /oleic acid mole, reaction time of 80 minutes, agitation speed of 600 rpm, and mordenite natural zeolite as catalyst. Observation result showed that increasing the reaction temperature and catalyst loading were accompanying by increases of oleic acid conversion. The highest conversion to reach at temperature reaction of 200oC and catalyst loading of 2 wt % that was 75.08%.

Keywords
catalyst; batch; reactant; glycerol; oleic acid

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WpadLRnfXGEB

Corresponding Author
N Nazaruddin

Institutions
Universitas Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Development of steering system has begun with manual steering, hydraulic power steering, and electric power steering. The current tendency of the steering system market is that electric power steering systems are increasingly in demand by consumers, which is inversely proportional to the other two, namely manual steering and hydraulic power steering which decrease sales. This is due to, among other things, mild operation and ease in the control system. Although for large vehicles each tends to use hydraulic power steering. University Indonesia has succeeded in developing a large type of electric car, the EV-Bus Molina UI. This bus uses a 200 kW main drive motor, for AC 15 kW, for a 4 kW compressor and 7.5 kW Power Steering. The Power Steering system used is Hydraulic Power Steering. Energy efficiency has reached a range of 60-80%. From the survey data about the use of electric power steering in large cars, neither ICE-BUS and EV-Bus systems have used electric power steering. Because of the superiority of Electric Power Steering, it will be converted from Hydraulic Power Steering to Electric Power Steering on the EV-Bus Molina UI. In this paper, we will explain about the existing dynamic motion equation models in electric power steering. Electric power steering uses a motor booster as a driver assist in driving the steering rod. The booster motor position on the electric power steering is in the steering column or on the steering rack. The booster position of the motor will affect the shape of the overall dynamic motion of the electric power steering system. In the beginning, the equation of the dynamic motion of the electric power steering system only involved a system of stiffness and inertia of the wheel drive, column steering, and tire, but further developments also involved viscous damping and friction of each of these components. The components involved in this movement are also increasing, namely rack and pinion, tie rod and drag link. This is due to the more accurate calculation of the torque needed by the motor booster and its control system. In large cars, the difference between city cars is the distance from the steering rod which is almost 2-3 times that of the city car, so the similarity of the motion will also be different. Stiffness equation is needed for the drag link mechanism structure which involves more stems combined between truss and frame. This is what distinguishes it later with the equation of the dynamic motion of the electric power steering system with the city car and its kind.

Keywords
motor booster, wheel drive, stiffness equation, large bus, steering system

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KvcRXJyqxug4

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Ichsan

Institutions
1 Institute of Embedded Systems, University Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
2 Institute of Transport Systems and Logistics, University Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
3 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jend Soedirman KM 3 Cilegon 42435 Indonesia

Abstract
In this research, the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) used as emission estimation parameter on three Indonesian-s sea toll way corridors. Operational data of the ships, such as speed, Deadweight Tonnage (DWT), load and load-s utilization are used in this research. Moreover, unavailable operational data are to be assumed with comparable assumptions or suitable calculation. Furthermore, the data are used to calculate the fuel consumption of the voyage, which is the main variable in the emission index calculation. The method, so-called, a ‘slow-steaming- method is utilized to optimize the emission parameter. The result shows that the slow steaming process is indeed bring more efficient emission result for the sea toll way under consideration. Decreasing the speed to 10% of current speed is decreasing the Fuel Consumption of the ships around 17% to 19% yearly. Decreased it further to 12%, lowered the fuel consumption around 23% from current yearly fuel consumption. Moreover, Applying slow steaming with 10% and 12% rate in each route resulted in a decreasing rate of emission produces of around 19% and 23% respectively. These result is encouraging for an initial step to measures the emission level on the Sea tollway. However, more data and better modelling parameter method is advised for future researcher in the area.

Keywords
Displacement of the ship; Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator; CO2 emission; slow steaming.

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/V7zjwTc4tZQh

Corresponding Author
Eufrade Putra

Institutions
Industrial Engineering Department
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Rough handling in the slaughtering operation can cause a high stress on an animal which it will produce the poor quality of meat because content of glycogen in the muscle decrease up to lowest level. This condition will reduce the content of lactic acid on the muscle and increase the potential hydrogen (pH) grade on the meat more than normal level such that these results in easiness of the bacteria grow. On the other hand, the rough slaughtering operation using the conventional technique can also yield the accident for the slaughterer because the cow is mutiny. Thus, it is crucial to use the slaughtering tool that is safer and more comfortable. objective of this study is to design the ergonomic and innovative slaughtering tools to satisfy the user requirement. Survey is conducted to identify user criteria of the design. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is implemented as a fundamental to determine the inventive principle of design. And Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is applied to develop to the design specification. Non-parametric statistical analysis is done to test the hypothesis. Result of this study shows that the inventive principles identified are dynamic, parameter changes, combination, and equipotentiality so as the propose design is valid to satisfy user need at 5% of significant level that are safer, more practical, more reliable and more durable.

Keywords
ergonomic, innovative, slaughtering, TRIZ, QFD

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eqActB6LwvpF

Corresponding Author
Yayan Harry Yadi

Institutions
1) Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
2) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten 42435, Indonesia
yayan.harry[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Work activity in the process production in the chemical process industry requires an ergonomic work method because the risk of awkward work postures can cause harm to workers, especially related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aims of this study ware to analyze risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders related to the individual, job and psychosocial factors in process production workers division in the chemical process industry. Field observations method were carried out on all work activities in the process production division, and questionnaires were distributed to all process production workers to determine complaints and risk factors related to the individual, job and psychosocial factors to the musculoskeletal disorders. Analysis of work posture was carried out using the RULA method. The results in this study, the score 7 of work posture with RULA, that is indicated need work changes and improvements must be made immediately, by redesigning layout and tools in control room, and training with ergonomic participation method. Based on multivariate analysis, the most dominant risk factors associated with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders were the job demand, work posture, and job stress perception.

Keywords
Ergonomics, MSDs, psychosocial, Process production

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qKfWFCzkrY3y

Corresponding Author
Brario Anindito

Institutions
Kampus Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Sukolilo. Surabaya 60111

Abstract
In the coal boiler industry, cyclone is used to separate silica sands (as a fluidizing medium) from flue gas (combustion gas from furnace). A gas-solid separation system with turbulent swirling flow that occurs in the cyclone will cause erosion on the cyclone wall. Erosion can cause a decrease the performance and increase the maintenance cost of cyclone. CFD simulation was conducted on the actual cyclone dimensions used in the coal boiler industry with a diameter of 5120 mm and height of 13970 .It was performed using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for turbulence in the gas phase and Oka model for the erosion model. The inlet velocities ranged from 7 to 8 m/s and the solid rates ranged from 30 to 40 kg/s with silica sands as solid particles (diameter between 0,075 and 1,5 mm). This study will analyze the erosion rate on the cyclone wall at various gas inlet velocity and solid rate variations. at Selected local area , the results shown that the higher gas inlet velocity for the same solid rate will increase the erosion rate (about 25%) and the higher solid rate for the same velocity will also increase erosion rate on the cyclone wall (about 17%)

Keywords
Cyclone , Erosion rate , CFD , Coal Boiler Industry

Topic
Chemical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VHFyjRLWTeNk

Corresponding Author
Amalia Sholehah

Institutions
1 Advanced Material and Tomography Laboratory, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3 Cilegon, Banten – Indonesia 42435

2 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Km 3 Cilegon, Banten – Indonesia 42435

3 Center of Non-Destructive Testing and Process Imaging, CTech Laboratories, EdWar Technology, Jl. Sutera Kavling Spektra Blok 23 BC No 10 – 12, Tangerang Selatan, Banten – Indonesia 15325

4 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat – Indonesia 16424

5 Departement of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat – Indonesia 41032

Abstract
Capacitive sensor works based on capacitive methods and serves to detect changes in the composition of dielectric materials by determining the capacitance value and dielectric constant. This type of sensor has advantages in convenient manufacturing process, a simple working mechanism, as well as extensive applications in various fields. In this study, capacitive sensors were used to characterize the electrical properties of materials that have several structures. The dielectric material samples used are bulk ZnO with particle (spherical) structure, ZnO synthesized by chemical bath deposition method (CBD) which has a rod structure, and synthetic ZnO results through a vapor phase method with tetrapod structure. The sensors were made by a parallel plate method using two copper plates as capacitors. The sensors were designed in 2x2 cm and 2x4 cm size, with the distance between the electrodes being 1 and 2 mm. The results showed that capacitive sensors proved to be able to distinguish capacitance values and electrical permittivity of ZnO with different structures. From the experiment, it was known that ZnO with a rod structure synthesized through the CBD method gave the highest capacitance and electrical permittivity values compared to other ZnO samples.

Keywords
ZnO, capacitive sensor, capacitance, permitivity

Topic
Materials Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qCm7Er2pz9UD

Corresponding Author
B. Handoko Purwojatmiko

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 81310
djokosetyowidodo[at]gmail.com

(b) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, West Java, Indonesia 16424
*h.purwojatmiko[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Acoustic performance in classroom is important especially in speech communication. In order to make learning process more effective, the acoustic quality must be considered. There are two factor considered in this experiments that is frequency and air conditioner condition. Design of experiment is a systematic method used in this experiments to describe or explain the variation of information that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. General factorial design was used to determine all possible effect for factor combination. This paper propose to analyze how to know the significant effect from factors influence the intensity level. ANOVA was introduced to analyze significant factors and the interaction both factors. Analyze was completed with 5% significance level and the results show that frequency is the most significance factor that influence sound intensity level. Air Conditioner is other effect that increase sound intensity level since the additional ambient noise. Sound factors indirectly affect a person-s comfort in activities. Related to speech communication when the lecturer want to give clear information in classroom then should speak more louder than usual. The more participants in the room will have an impact on one-s performance in carrying out their activities.

Keywords
Design of Experiment; General Factorial Design; Acoustic Performance; Classroom; Frequency; Air Conditioner; ANOVA

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NgPZLJT2HDMu

Corresponding Author
Bella Fauziah

Institutions
University of Indonesia

Abstract
The development of a city depends on how easily the area can be accessed. The role of the government to provide facilities and infrastructure as a facility to meet community needs is a responsibility. The Tangerang City Government is one of the cities that has implemented BRT policy as public transportation since December 2016. Based on the monthly report, the number of BRT passengers has a tendency to decrease the number of passengers. This study aims to assess and analyze of BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service performance. The study uses quantitative methods, based on 5 dimensions of servqual, namely Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty, then assessed as referring to the standards of public transport services SK Dirjen no.687 of 2002, Minister of Transportation Regulation no. 10 of 2012, amendment no. 27 of 2015, ITDP 2016 BRT Standard. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of importance and level of satisfaction of users towards the perceived performance of BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service. The service is assessed from the perceptions and expectations of BRT users. The results of the study show that the level of importance that must be prioritized is the tangible dimension of the item information on the stop service to be passed in the form of visual / audio in the stop functioning properly. BRT users are dominated by middle-class (captive) economic people who have no choice and depend on public transportation for daily mobility. This has an effect on the results of the satisfaction level of BRT users who compare with other public transportation. So that BRT users were very satisfied with BRT Trans Kota Tangerang service performance.

Keywords
BRT Trans Kota Tangerang, Perception, Expectation of BRT Users, Service Performance, Servqual

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kMCYtwzAyhne

Corresponding Author
Windra Priatna Humang

Institutions
a) Researchers at the Center for Research and Development of Sea, River, Lake and Ferry Transport, Ministry of Transportation, Jakarta
b) Universitas Andi Djemma, Palopo
* windrahumang[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Conditions of shipping lanes in the Malacca - Singapore Strait is very crowded, making deep sea pilot services in this region very important, especially in ensuring the safety of shipping for sailing ships. Indonesia, which has the most dominant territory (60%) in the Straits of Malacca, should be able to seize opportunities for the development of economic activities such as providing ship guidance services, ship to ship transfer activities, ship provision equipment supply, ship crewing activities, ship repairs and others . This study aims to develop recommendations to optimize deep sea pilot services in the Malacca - Singapore Strait. The analytical method used is costumer satisfaction index (CSI) and importance performance analysis (IPA) to evaluate the implementation of guide services in terms of human resources, facilities and infrastructure, implementation of ship guidance services, non-tax state revenues and business marketing systems. The implementation of the deep sea pilot in the Malacca - Singapore Strait currently carried out by Pelindo I is considered to be not optimal. This condition can be seen from the lack of guided ships, only around 14-16 ships are recorded in a year, very far with the potential of guided ships in 2016 reaching 7,535 calls

Keywords
Malacca - Singapore Strait, Deep Sea Pilot, Shipping

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2BETUdjugJbe

Corresponding Author
Rahayu Khasanah

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
*rahayu.khasanah[at]akprind.ac.id
b) Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia

Abstract
Process industry such as the petrochemical industry is a kind of industry where the production performance depends on production equipment and assets. Thus, maintenance becomes very important way to achieve sustainable production in the process industry. The effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and maintenance of the equipment are vital for the uninterrupted, continuous and efficient operation. Types of preventive maintenance activity applied in the process industry generally are Routine Preventive Maintenance (when the plant is on), Turnaround Maintenance (Shutdown Preventive maintenance), and Inspection. Turnaround maintenance (TAM) plays the most important role of preventive maintenance activities because it is an essential activity of maintenance in the process industry to improve the availability and reliability of the assets includes plant facilities, equipment and machinery. This study evaluates the effect of Turnaround Maintenance applied in the assets to the performance of the plant in the case study company. The significant variables used to analyze the effect of TAM to the availability and reliability of the assets are Plant Availability and Downtime Loss. The statistical method is used to analyze the correlation of TAM occurrence with each variable. The result shows that the correlation value between TAM occurrences with the increasing of availability is 0,315. The correlation value between TAM occurrences with the increasing of downtime loss is -0,818. It can be concluded that TAM activities of the assets have significant effect to increase the availability of the plant, and to decrease the downtime loss. It proves that in the real process industry practice, TAM do improves the availability and reliability of the assets.

Keywords
Turnaround Maintenance; Availability; Reliability; Downtime Loss; Process Industry

Topic
Industrial Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MnNGRePwCDYW

Corresponding Author
EUI SOO KIM

Institutions
Dept. of Safety Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 27469, Korea

es92kim[at]ut.ac.kr

Abstract
The vehicle using compressed natural gas (CNG) trend to be extended in use internationally as optimal counterplan for reducing discharge gas of light oil due to high concern about environment. However, because NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) is equipped with composite pressure vessel (CPV) and the CPV contain compressed natural gas, the risks in the case of accident is very high. The main cause of rupture accident for NGV is due to the defect of heat treatment for the vessel at the manufacturing stage and the rupture characteristics vary greatly depending on the heat treatment conditions. In this study, explicit dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the bursting characteristics of the CNG pressure containers by heat treatment. Explicit dynamics analysis is numerical analysis method applied to the large deformation analysis that occurs instantaneously such as collision and explosion. The condition of the defect for heat treatment is that quenching and tempering temperatures applied to the normal vessel were adjusted and explicit dynamics analysis was performed using AUTODYN for each case. It is possible to understand how important the heat treatment process is in the high pressure vessel unlike any product.

Keywords
Natural Gas Vehicle, heat treatment, AUTODYN, Explicit dynamics analysis, Rupture Characteristics

Topic
Mechanical Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hzmc2xgtjyRL

Corresponding Author
Supriyanto Praptodiyono

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Internet user is growing incrementally over the world. Most of them use mobile devices to connect the internet. They aim to stay in connection every time and everywhere. Thus, they use mobile IP communication to get always connected to the internet while they move to another place. Fortunately, the telco infrastructure has reached many places in the world. In addition, the video file transmission is now becoming a new trend especially a short movie transmitted via social media. The huge of the internet connection caused the scarcity of Internet address. This was anticipated by introducing IPv6 that supported the mobility by presenting the Mobile IPv6. This paper evaluates the performance on the MIPv6 mechanism on transferring video when the user moves to another place that usually different network infrastructure. Therefore, the vertical handover does not disturb the quality of the video transmission. The experimentation results show during the vertical handover, transmission packet loss less than 3% that categorized as good. Thus, the handover success ratio for all video format file reached 100%

Keywords
Handover, MIPv6, Video, Transmission

Topic
Computer Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RU4HbgCe8p2r

Corresponding Author
Baehaki -

Institutions
a) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten, Serang, 42435, Indonesia
*baehaki[at]untirta.ac.id

Abstract
The crack depth measurement of concrete can be conducted by the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method, but of some measuring results it provides different crack depth results in reinforced concrete testing with the same concrete quality. This raises doubts about the measurement results with UPV. This research was conducted to know the effect of reinforcement and distance tranducer effective in detecting the depth of concrete cracks. The test specimen used is a 15x15x60 cm3 concrete beam with a concrete quality of 19 MPa. The test material is made of artificial cracks as deep as ± 2 cm, ± 4 cm, ± 6 cm, and any fractured variation made 3 pieces of speciment, in addition to the test object was given a reinforcement of Ø8 mm which is placed horizontally in the center of the beam at a depth of 4 cm from the concrete surface. This testing using indirect method with variations of tranducer distance of 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm. The study concluded that the accuracy of UPV testing results was influenced by reinforcement and distance tranducer. Test speciment with an artificial crack depth of ± 2 cm and ± 4 cm have a greater reading result with a relative error of 36.8% and 15.77%, while the test object with an artificial crack depth of ± 6 cm has a smaller reading result with a relative error ± 4.954%. In addition, it obtained an effective tranducer distance of 120 mm with an accuracy of 85.36%.

Keywords
UPV; PUNDIT; NDT; Crack Depth

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ew4KaeAQnyGT