Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Nur Kholis

Institutions
(a)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. *mnurkholis[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

(b)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. anisasmediana[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

(c)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. mayasari[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

Abstract
Microbial cellulase is a complex enzyme produced by bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes. Industrial cellulase has the potential of more than 50% global market. Application microbial cellulase has potential in the industry such us biofuel production, textile polishing and finishing, paper and pulp industry, and agriculture. Technological development and the prospects for the application of microbial cellulose focus on agro-industry.

Keywords
industrial enzyme: microbial cellulase; agro-industry

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/quYjtg9QLKJC

Corresponding Author
Aji Sutrisno

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145

Abstract
Mannanase is the main enzyme that catalyzes depolymerization of -1,4 mannosidic linkages within the main chain of mannan releasing manno-oligosacharides.Since mannan is most soluble at alkaline solution and industrial enzymes application prefer high thermostability, therefore mannanase with alkaline and high thermostability is more desired. This aim of this study is to isolate mannase-producing microorganisms and to characterize mannanase that obtained from partial purification. Nine mannolytic isolates were found and the chosen isolate was R11 with mannolytic index of 3,287. The purity enzyme from partial purification was 6,06 fold with the specific activity 61,54 U/mg. Molecular mass of the mannanase analyzed by electhrophoresis and zymogram was 32,39 kDa. The optimal temperatures and pH were 65oC and pH 8, repectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 5 – 8 and temperatures up to 75oC. This properties makes mannanase R311 is attractive for biotechnological application for industries.

Keywords
Alkaline, isolation, characterization, mannanase, thermostable

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YxUaDWV49TFp

Corresponding Author
Sudarma Dita Wijayanti

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology – Faculty of Agricultural Technology – Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Microbial enzymes utilization in industrial application recently has become extensive. One enzyme that is widely used in industry is the cellulase which is able to hydrolyze the glycosidic B-1.4 bonds present in cellulose. In previous studies, isolation of a cellulose degrading bacteria P12 from Mount Merapi spring water was carried out which had the highest cellulolytic activity (2.326 ± 0.219 U/mg). This research aims to identify P12 isolates molecularly using the 16S-rRNA gene, and characterize the cellulase produced. A descriptive quantitative design was used in this research. The P12 isolate was revealed to be Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA analysis with 99% homology. The concentration of ammonium sulfate 70% saturation can precipitate cellulase enzymes with purification folds of 6 times with specific activities 0.0103 U / mg. Cellulase enzyme fractionated with ammonium sulfate at this research was optimum at pH 7 and temperature 50C

Keywords
Bacillus licheniformis, Cellulase, fractionation

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/neh7xfFwjVmN

Corresponding Author
Angky Wahyu Putranto

Institutions
1) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2) Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
The utilization of coconut shell waste into liquid smoke has been carried out in recent years. However, the conventional technology that has been applied before only able to produce coconut shell-liquid smoke (CS-LS) in grade C. Whereas the further processing is needed to produce a higher quality of CS-LS into grade A. Hence, the aim of this study is to produce CS-LS based on the redistillation-filtration technology and analyzed on its physical and chemical characterization. The characteristic of CS-LS were analyzed not only in physical parameters like yields, pH and density, but also identified of chemical compounds by using GC-MS method. The result showed that the redistillation and filtration technology produce CS-LS grade A and grade C was 2.17% and 0.83% respectively. The CS-LS grade A has pH and density value better than CS-LS grade C and also inline with the SmokEz Enviro-23 standard. The CS-LS grade A was composed of 4 main chemical component such as phenolic, alkoxy, cycloacene, and furan compounds. While the CS-LS grade C was composed of 6 main chemical component such as phenolic, carbonyl, acid, alkoxy, ester and cycloalkene compounds. Although CS-LS grade C has more chemical compounds, CS-LS grade A has the highest phenolic compounds which is suitable to be produced commercially as a natural food preservative. Therefore, the application of redistillation-filtration technology in CS-LS production, potentially applied to SMEs or CS-LS industries in Indonesia.

Keywords
coconut shell-liquid smoke, redistillation, filtration, grade A, grade C

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ewUL4ZqHfdBt

Corresponding Author
Usman Effendi

Institutions
Dept of Agro-Industrial Technology,
Brawijaya University

Abstract
PG KA is handled by plant, manufacturing, engineering, QC, and TUK that directly influence the company performance aspect. The decrease of sugar amount production causes the need of performance appraisal. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the company performance, to identify performance appraisal model, and to determine improvement alternative strategies to get the better right. This study utilized the system dynamics approach research method. This system dynamic model illustrates the relation of the factors including financial, production, and employee development. This study results show that the variables that is used as the benchmarks of the company performance level are sugar volume and profit. Based on the identification towards the company capabilities, there is 3 alternative strategies to increase the company performance. The simulation results show that the highest percentage of alternative strategies changes is 15,44% in the increase of the sugarcane production variable (alternative 1) in sugar volume and 12,79% in profit. This value addition can be achieved by PG KA by taking in account the factors that influence land productivity such as water, varieties, soil fertility, pest control, and fertilization.

Keywords
IDPMS, performance measurement, sugar, system dynamics

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/whCyx68XQpAV

Corresponding Author
Ariza Budi Tunjung Sari

Institutions
Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI)

Abstract
Cocoa is one of important crops in Indonesia, whereas more than 90% of its plantation is operated by smallholder farmers. Cocoa beans, as the only sellable part of cocoa fruit, constitutes of less than 10% of the total weight of whole cocoa fruit. The remaining husk and pulp are usually discarded, and in certain case become source of pest and disease infestations. This has made a low economic value of cocoa agribusiness. A new approach in cocoa agroindustry is needed to increase the added value of cocoa; this is achieved by utilization of whole parts of cocoa fruit including cocoa husk, pulp, bean, cake and butter. Cocoa fruits from local farmers in Jember and Banyuwangi region were collected. The husks were separated and wet beans were processed into horizontal spinner to extract their pulp. Cocoa husks were chopped and processed into cattle feed. The pulp was stabilized and used as juice drink. Wet beans were straightly dried, heated and cleaned from shells to obtain nibs. Nibs were ground and pressed to separate cocoa butter which was supplied to chocolate candy and cosmetic industries. Remaining solids were soaked in ethanol for overnight to produce polyphenol-rich extract, for further use as antimicrobial agent. Feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of this production system in farmer level. A cluster of cocoa industry that involves farmer, cocoa processor and food industries should be established.

Keywords
agroindustry, cocoa, bean, husk, pulp, valorization

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QCWHXTY823EK

Corresponding Author
Darmanto Darmanto

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Department
Department of Agricultural Technology
University of Brawijaya

darmanto_sm[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The most important of breaking technique of candle nut seed is how to obtain undamaged seed. It Damaged shell effects in decreasing of selling price. The candlenut seed quality is determined by its wholeness. The primary composition of its shell are hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Alkaline solution can be used to separate lignin and cellulose. The objective of this research is to obtain minimum fracture strength of candle nut shell. Before doing compression test, it was needed pre-treatment by soaking the candle nut into alkaline solution that were NaOH solution and NaCl solution as first factor and second factor, respectively. Each of alkaline solution concentration divided into four concentration: 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7%. Then candle nut soaked using water during 24 hours and dried using oven. Finally, each of candle nut tested using compression test to obtain minimum fracture strength. Using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the treatment combination was repeated three times, then compared to control treatment. Resulted data analyzed using analysis of variance to understand of each treatment characteristic. The result of this research is 4% NaOH and 3.5% NaCl concentration effected on the undamaged seed. These level concentration could separate lignin and cellulose better than other concentration.

Keywords
Candle Nut Shell, Compression Test, Alkali Solution

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EpAjtHzXP2G9

Corresponding Author
Vita Purnamasari

Institutions
1 Doctoral Program of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2 Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, Indonesia

Abstract
Berries are known to contain bioactive compounds that can function physiologically to optimize health status. One type of bioactive compound found in berries is phenolic acid. Fruits are known to have activities to inhibit aldose reductase (AR). Inhibition of AR can control of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, such as blindness, nephropathy and neuropathy. But some AR inhibitors show side effects due to cross-reactions with analogous enzymes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the ability of phenolic acids berries binding to AR and predict selectivity of berries phenolic acids as AR inhibitor through in silico studies. The inhibition activity of twelve berry phenolic acids on AR was analyzed using in silico and compared with epalrestat as a commercial AR inhibitor. The phenolic acids were docked to AR using Autodock Vina in PyRx 0.8. 3D molecular interactions visualized using PyMOL were then analyzed with LigPlot+. Chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid show binding are higher affinity (8.0 and 8.3 kcal/mol) than binding affinity epalrestat as a commercial AR inhibitor. The aromatic ring structure of chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid plays an important role in binding to the active side of AR. Analysis of the interaction of the two phenolic acids with AR indicates binding occurs in the pocket specificity of the active side of AR, so chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid of berries are predicted to inhibit the binding of free glucose on the active side of AR, preventing sorbitol production in hyperglycemic conditions.

Keywords
Berries, Phenolic acids, Docking, Binding affinity, Aldose reductase,

Topic
HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ne9KrwUgVTFb

Corresponding Author
Fenti Nur Addina

Institutions
(a) Master Program of Agricultural industry technology-Faculty of Agricultural technology-Brawijaya University
(b) Halal Qualified Industry Development (Hal-Q ID); Agroindustrial Technology- Brawijaya University
Jl. Veteran – Malang 65145
*E-mail: ciptotip[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Muslims increasingly represent a powerful consumer segment in the tourism sector and the fastest growing in the global travel industry. For Muslim tourists, halal food is an important necessity for travel. In the context of food and beverage, halal and haram describe each of what is allowed or not to be consumed by Muslims in the Quran and the Prophets Hadith. It is important to the development of halal food in restaurants and food souvenirs to attract travel in halal tourism destinations. This research aims to identify factors in the development of restaurants and food souvenirs to increase halal tourism. Symbols, utilities, and sensory are the focus of the concept of food souvenirs. Unlike food souvenirs, restaurants emphasize food quality, service quality, and the quality of the physical environment. Food can be the function as a unique image for branding. Halal food in restaurants and food souvenirs can increase the attractiveness of halal tourism. The government and business must be able to adjust the criteria for tourist needs with innovation in food souvenirs and improvement in restaurant services. Indonesia which is rich in tourism and culinary has great potential to expand halal tourism. Food quality, service quality, environmental quality, and sensory, utility, symbolic become an important focus of developing halal restaurant and halal food souvenirs in halal tourism.

Keywords
Food Souvenir, Halal Tourism, Muslim travel, Restaurant

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GFrW7yUjQZk6

Corresponding Author
Nicholle Clarivania Tanaka

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*agustinwardani[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The barrier to realizing the potential of lignocellulosic bioethanol is the recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass. Overcoming this biomass recalcitrance is the key challenge to large scale production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. Pretreatment is an important and critical step that enables enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulose conversion to ethanol. Finding a pretreatment method for reducing the high recalcitrance via cost-effective pretreatment methods would therefore be of great benefit. This study aims at investigating the effect of pretreatment on delignification process of sugarcane bagasse and palm oil trunk. Two methods of pretreatment were compared i.e. alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (1% and 5% H2O2) and subcritical water pretreatment (170oC, 2.2 MPa) for the effectiveness of reducing the lignin content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment on structure profile of lignocellulosic biomass. It was observed that alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment gave better results than subcritical water pretreatment based on the lignin content for both lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreated sugarcane bagasse presented lower lignin content than pretreated palm oil trunk. Lignin was successfully removed until 56.99% under the best condition of 5% of alkaline hydrogen peroxide, at 28oC for 72 h incubation. This study confirmed that alkaline pretreatment was found have a better method for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials. Furthermore, sugarcane bagasse has a greater potency as basic raw materials used for the bioethanol production than palm oil trunk because it has lower content of lignin with higher content of cellulose.

Keywords
Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Pretreatment, Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide, Subcritical Water

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/m9P7yWq2ZkuX

Corresponding Author
Yoga Aji Handoko

Institutions
a) Department of Agroindustry Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
b) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Indonesia
*yoga.handoko[at]uksw.edu
c) Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis phage is a virus that specifically infects Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The existence and position of B. subtilis phage are very important related to the dynamics of ecosystem balance in nature and its applications in the agricultural industry, especially phage therapy and biocontrol in overcoming contamination of raw materials and processing equipment of agricultural products that are environmentally friendly. Comparative study of morphology and genome size of B. subtilis phage was carried out to understand and determine of phage interactions with their hosts and the characteristics of gene products possessed by each phage. Until this article is presented, it is known that there are 18 species of Bacillus subtilis phage from various regions of the world. Based on the morphological structure, there are 9 species in the Myoviridae family, 4 species in the Siphoviridae family, and 5 species in the Podoviridae family. The genome size of B. subtilis phage ranges is known to range from 18,000 to 160,000 bp with ORFs different ranges 15–250, which can be identified their protein function as between 20–60%.

Keywords
Bacillus subtilis phage, diversity, phage morphology, phage genome size

Topic
FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J7wWeK2tjF8Q

Corresponding Author
Andan Linggar Rucitra

Institutions
a) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
*andanrucitra[at]ub.ac.id
b) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Palm oil is one of the most consumed and produced oils in the world. Oil that is cheap, easily produced and the amount of production is stable is used as raw material for various products such as food, cosmetics, hygiene products, and also as a source of biofuels or biodiesel. PT X produces products in the form of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel (Kernel). A fundamental mistake that often occurs in making decisions is a mistake in making the right sales predictions. Effective planning for both the long and short term depends on forecasting demand for CPO products. The purpose of this study is to know and study demand forecasting using the Time Series method as the first step in designing production and making decisions that will be taken to carry out activities in the next stage. In this study forecasting is done based on historical data obtained from PT X in 2013 until 2017. Forecasting results are used as production planning data from January to December 2018. From the results of the research carried out obtained forecasting data with R2 value of 0.681 which means that the ability of data sales in explaining the results of future data is 68.1% with a p-value of 0.002 and an alpha value of 5% or 0.05 then p-value is less than an alpha value which means the model used has been fit and the forecasting results are valid.

Keywords
Demand Forecasting; crude palm oil; time series

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/76xJk4Kb2GcA

Corresponding Author
Danang Triagus Setiyawan

Institutions
Brawijaya University

Abstract
PT. XYZ is a company that produce agar powder. This research aims to minimize waste that happens in the production process of agar powder by using Lean Manufacturing concept with Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Value Stream Analysist Tools VALSAT, and Simulation Model. The results of this research indicate there are waste such as human potential, inappropriate design, unnecessary, and with the highest waste is in form of waiting time. It caused by unconsistent of raw material, unnresponsiveness worker, lack of tools that help operator, bottleneck process and unscheduled process. Recommendation for improvement are embracing capacity in filtering workstation, applicating bin system, equip workstation with timer, and making production schedule. Based on the simulation that have been done shows reduced total lead time of 2,94446 days to 2,270 days or efficiecy procces increased 22,81%.

Keywords
Lean Manufacturing, Value Stream Mapping, Simulation

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WQM8mrq3gp9H

Corresponding Author
Khoirul Hidayat

Institutions
a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Unisma Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia.
*irul_ie[at]yahoo.co.id
b) Department of Agro Technology, Islamic University of Malang, Indonesia.
c) Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Trunojoyo University, Indonesia

Abstract
The rice production of Malang Regency in 2017 reached 493,794 tons, so it was necessary to develop rice harvesting machines. This study aims to design rice harvesting machines and harrow machines. This research method has three stages, namely the design process using AutoCAD software, the manufacturing process is carried out starting from the preparation of tools and materials, frame making, blade modification, and machine testing by conducting trials on rice fields. The results of this study resulted in a multifunction machine, namely to harvest rice and as a harrowing machine for processing soil. This multifunctional rice harvesting machine is capable of harvesting rice area of 11 m2 / minute from 9 m2 / minute or increasing by 22.2%. Another advantage of this rice harvesting machine and ground scrubbing machine is that it can ease the burden on workers because this machine has two wheels as frame support.

Keywords
Design, Paddy Harvesting Machines, Harrow Machines

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WpFcKmxkgGd8

Corresponding Author
Istifar Yogi Prayogi

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Image processing is a method to process image become information consist of phisycal condition of product. Image processing applications in agriculture are currently developing very rapidly, especially for the prediction of fruit quality and maturity. The purpose of this study is to design a tool to predict the maturity of bananas. The type of banana used in this study is barlin banana (musa paradisiaca. L) with maturity levels 1, 3, 5 and 7. While the image processing characteristics used are data R, G and B which are captured by the TCS3200 sensor. From a number of experiments, a distinguishing factor is obtained for the RGB value for each level of maturity, maturity 1 with the value of G> B; maturity 3 with Value R> G, Value (R-G) <9 and G Value ≥ 142; maturity 5 with a value of R> G, a value of 9 ≤ (R-G) and a value of G ≥ 142; maturity 7 with a value of R> G and a value of 142 ≥ G. The results of the prediction of the banana maturity using this tool for maturity 1 accuracy prediction 100%, maturity 3 accuracy predictions 80%, maturity 5 accuracy prediction 100% and maturity 7 accuracy predictions 60%.

Keywords
Banana, Image Processing, Maturity, Prediction, TCS3200

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XgzGaDcEjRqe

Corresponding Author
Miftakhurrizal Kurniawan

Institutions
a)Agroindustrial technology Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
b)Faculty of computer science Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Food security issues are a problem for consumers to choose the right food products. Consumers are often faced with a lack of knowledge about nutritional content, expiration and availability of healthy food products, especially for processed apple products. Therefore a traceability system is needed that guarantees the authenticity of the product and provides reliable information. Lack of good information and infrastructure will hinder the formation of an effective traceability system that some producers have not considered because it has high costs, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In general, producers and consumers need an information system that can provide food information effectively and efficiently. This study uses the Waterfall method which consists of several stages, namely: the data analysis stage, the planning stage, the implementation phase and the testing phase. The design concept uses the object oriented method using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which consists of: Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams and Sequence Diagrams. The results of this study will be in the form of a supply chain traceability information system design for apple packaging based on smart packaging. The results of this study will be a design of an information system traceability system of processed apple products that can be managed by small and medium enterprises.

Keywords
SMEs, waterfall, unified modelling language

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KJbuT7RdzBEh

Corresponding Author
Novia Lusiana

Institutions
Study program of environmental engineering, agricultural engineering department, faculty of agricultural technology, university of brawijaya

Abstract
Industrialization and domestic activities are very potentially towards water pollution contribution. One of kind domestic activities which producing wastewater is a hospital activity. Public Regional Hospital in Tulungagung is located at Kedungwaru District that will developed in order to further support the existing infrastructure. Assessment towards water quality and load pollution capacity of Ngrowo river as wastewater receiver is very important before hospital development began. The method used in this research was Mass Balance method, Pollution Index to determine of water pollution status in which the analyzed parameters were temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, and then the results of the parameter testing were compared with the water quality standard class II, then the maximum pollutant load was calculated to determine the pollution load capacity. Result show that water quality of Ngrowo River categorized in low pollution (around 3.75 – 3.99 for index pollution) based on class of II of water quality standard. Load pollution capacity at downstream have exceeded 28673.3 kg.day-1 for BOD, 34339.3 kg.day-1 for COD in existing condition. We recommend when a hospital development does exist should find other place to throw away their wastewater because Ngrowo River have polluted even in upstream area.

Keywords
hospital, load pollution capacity, wastewater

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jk973vK8uTmM

Corresponding Author
Siti Asmaniyah Mardiyani

Institutions
(a)Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Islam Malang, Jl. MT.Haryono 193 Malang, 65144,Indonesia
(b)Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145,Indonesia
(c)Departement of Biology, Science and Nature Faculty, Brawijaya University, 65145

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity, and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (Conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based solar energy (Convective Solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using equation, which refers to Ficks 2 law. The value of the activation energy is determined by the Arrhenius equation as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the value of (Ln) effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 C were higher than the effective moisture diffusivity of other drying systems. The result of regression analysis between the drying layers (X) and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with R2 value : 0.85 (CCD 70° C): 0.81 (CCD 60° C); 0.88 (CCD 50° C) and 0.48 (CSD). Coefficient determination (R2) values, which were relatively high in CCD, indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD, which is depended on the environmental conditions. The result of the drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD-s activation energy was 36.36 KJ/mol K, while the value of CSD-s activation energy was 31.28 KJ/mol K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.

Keywords
moisture diffusivity, Activation Energy, conventional, solar, drying

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3uyTWjUCfntr

Corresponding Author
Zaqlul Iqbal

Institutions
1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
In order to determine the ripening stages of apple (Malus sylvestris L), local farmer in Malang still utilized a traditional method by examining its size and appearance. However, this method needs worker-s extensive experience causing a non-standard ripeness level that may lead to lower the economic value of the crop. Thus, to strive this problem, fast and quantitative prediction method need to be developed. UV/Vis spectroscopy has shown its capability to provide a robust prediction of several internal attributes such as, Total Solube Solid (TSS) and water content. The aim of this research is to develop a Partial Least Square (PLS) regression to predict internal parameter contained in apple. Sixty sample of apples were taken from local plantation in Bumiaji district. There were 3 stages to complete the research: (1) spectral data acquisition ranging from wavelength 340nm-800nm; (2) Internal parameters measurement (TSS, water content and firmness); (3) Performing PLS regression based on spectral data and internal parameters. The result showed that PLS model of TSS could provide a good coefficient of determination (r2 = 0,80) and for RPD, LV and RSMEP resulting 1.92, 7, 0.90 respectively. On the other hand, the model could not predict both water content and firmness; the model only provided low r2 accounting for 0.73 and 0.53 respectively. Further enhancement need to be addressed to the model for improving its capability of apple-s quality prediction.

Keywords
Apple, Partial Least Square, UV/Vis Spectroscopy

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/36q4hKYLrTfG

Corresponding Author
Tunjung Mahatmanto

Institutions
a) Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
*tjmahatmanto[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
About one-third of the food produced globally is lost or wasted, with production-to-retailing accounting for the major stages in which food is lost. Among food commodity, fresh produce have the highest rate and percentage of losses due to deterioration, especially in countries with warm and humid climate. Although climate-controlled chain facitilites and transportation can address this problem, they require huge investments. A potential approach to delay deterioration affordably is to apply protective barriers directly to the produce. Here, we report the development of an active coating from low cost materials for on- and off-farm applications. First, we determined the suitable composition of corn starch and glycerol to form the coating gel. We then supplemented live Lactobacillus plantarum–a lactic acid bacterium commonly found in fermented food products–as the active ingredient to the formulation and applied it to coat fresh-cut apples as a model system. Physical analysis show that the application of the active coating delayed browning, reduced weight loss, and improved the texture stability of the fresh-cut apples whereas chemical and microbiological analyses show a slight reduction of the pH and cell viability during storage. Anti-bacterial assay of the of active coating show effective inhibition against Escherichia coli–a model food spoilage bacterium. Although these results suggest that active coating may delay produce deterioration, field trials will be needed to evaluate its efficacy in preventing losses along the supply chain–a critical component to ensuring food security.

Keywords
Lactic acid bacteria; active coating; fresh produce protection; corn starch

Topic
FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GDrxf2ELatjZ

Corresponding Author
Endah Rahayu Lestari

Institutions
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
In a turbulent business environment, innovation is the most important issue for business success. This paper addresses two main problems. First, we examine the relationship between market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation as key drivers of innovation. Second, it evaluates the impact of innovation on business performance. Market orientation only focuses on two dimensions, namely the dimensions of customers and competitors. Entrepreneurial oriented is defined along dimensions: proactive, aggressive, autonomy, innovative, and risk taking. Innovation is measured in two dimensions, i.e. product innovation and process innovation. While business performance was represented by financial indicators. Data was collected from small food industries in Indonesia and analyzed by structural equation models. This finding provides support for the positive influence of both market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on innovation. Finally, innovation becomes a positive contributor to business performance. The study has implications that SMEs with market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation should place much emphasis in order to enhance innovativeness and ultimately achieve better performance

Keywords
business performance, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation, market orientation

Topic
AGROINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XxKRJp8j7ZWu

Corresponding Author
Hotnida Nainggolan

Institutions
1Postgraduate School, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
3Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Green industry is becoming a hot issue all over the world. The basic principles of it are to minimize resources utilization and emissions. Several developed and developing countries have obligated the implementation of green industry. Indonesian government also strives to implement the green industry principles by adding green industrial standards through the Act No. 3/2014. To support the implementation of that Act, Indonesian government through the Ministry of Industry has published the guideline for implementing green industry. This study aims to map out the driving factors that make up green industrial estate in Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER), East Java, Indonesia. The respondents comprised 15 managers at manufacturing companies, most of them operating in the business of food industry. To develop this study, green industrial assessment guidelines for 2018 by the Ministry of Industry, was used as a reference study. The effectiveness of this assessment will be discussed and lesson learnt will be highlighted. Furthermore, better approaches will be proposed. This paper will provide insights and serve as a good reference for other companies that want to implement the same program in the future.

Keywords
green industry, assessment, better approaches

Topic
WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4z2cGvEtnCRT

Corresponding Author
La Choviya Hawa

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java Province, Indonesia

*la_choviya[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is world-s main crops that owing poor storability characteristic in unprocessed state due to high water content. One of most widely used preservation method for vegetables such as potato is drying process with steam blanching and osmotic dehydration as pretreatment. Blanching and osmotic dehydration pretreatment are used for reducing water content as well as enhance dried product quality by immersing the product into hypertonic solution. In present study, potato slice blanched by steam for 3 min then soaked into three different type of salt as osmotic agent, i.e. NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 with different concentration (10, 15, and 20% (v/v)). The drying process was conducted using hot air dryer at 40°C for 4 h. The results indicated that higher concentration of hypertonic solution give greater water loss and solid gain value. The initial water content of pretreated potato slice was significantly decreased due to osmotic dehydration compared to non pretreated slices. The final potato slice water content with 10% KCl of pretreatment was slightly lower than other pretreatment combination. The drying rate of potato slices with 10 and 20% of CaCl were the lowest rate with almost similar pattern. Pretreatment with 10% CaCl was considered as the most effective pretreatment in terms of better surface color and minimum shrinkage of potato slice. The microscopy image showed that starch granules of potato were spread and invisible due to starch gelatinization. The appearance of cell wall was not clear with less shrinkage of potato microstructure.

Keywords
Drying, Drying kinetics, Osmotic dehydration, Physical alteration, Salt solution

Topic
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jYNmGhwXJn3H

Corresponding Author
yusuf hendrawan

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Brawijaya

Abstract
Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) is a typical plant of Central Borneo, Indonesia. Dayak onion contains flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins, triterpenoids and quinones, and has bioactivity as an antioxidant. Extraction using the ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) method can increase phenol compounds and antioxidants in a shorter time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the amplitude and timing of sonication of purified water-based UAE to increase the value of antioxidant activity and the total value of phenol from Dayak onion powder extract. The amplitude variations used in this study were 20%, 35%, and 50%, and the variations of the sonication time used were 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Testing of antioxidant activity was using the DPPH (1,1-dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and total phenol content was tested by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In the results of this study, the best value for antioxidant activity on Dayak onion powder extract was at a variation of 50% amplitude and 5-minute sonication time, which was 2.433 ± 0.283 mg / ml. While the best value on the test of total phenol of Dayak onion powder extract was at a variation of 35% amplitude and 5-minute sonication time, which was equal to 6.558 ± 1.68 mg GAE / g. Based on the results of ANOVA statistical analysis, it was found that there was a significant effect on antioxidant activity with a significant value of 0.048 on variations in the combination of amplitude and sonication time.

Keywords
Antioxidant activity; Dayak onion; ultrasonic assisted extraction; total phenol

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2QcVLTpJkZN4

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
a* Chemistry Departement, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
Jalan Semarang 5 Malang
Email: aman.santoso.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to synthesize methyl esters from copper oil (Voor-Oogst) with KOH catalyst using ultrasonic waves and potential test as biodiesel. Tobacco seed samples were obtained from the Paiton Probolinggo . The stages in this study are: isolation of tobacco seed oil using soxhletation with n-hexane solvents; decreasing free fatty acids by esterification process; transesterification with variations in KOH catalyst concentration; characterization of synthesized biodiesel; and identification of components of methyl ester synthesis by GC-MS. The results showed: Synthesis of methyl esters with transesterification reaction at 0.8% KOH catalyst concentration; 1% and 2% w / w of oil with ultrasonic waves produce biodiesel with the result are 77.45% respectively; 84.55% and 80.72%, (2) Methyl esters from tobacco oil fit the SNI biodiesel criteria with a viscosity of 4.44 cSt, density 0.865 g / mL, refractive index 1.45, acid number 0.56 mg/g. The main constituent of methyl ester which is synthesized in the form of methyl palmitate, linoleic, oleic and stearic is 18.72% respectively; 30.76%; 27.26% and 9.35%.

Keywords
oil, tobacco seeds, methyl ester, ultrasonic waves

Topic
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t4D8fwX2RB7x

Corresponding Author
Kiki Fibrianto

Institutions
Brawijaya Senso-Gastronomy Center, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Mind and body relaxation can be stimulated by consuming tea and enjoying music. While green tea contains L-theanin which stimulate relaxation, music in general may change moods and emotions. This current study aims to determine the effect of listening to Mozart-s symphony number 6.K.43 at fundamental tone F music on emotion and sensory perception when consuming green tea. Three brewing durations (1, 3 and 5 minutes), 3 levels of listening time to the music (1, 3, and 5 minutes) with 4 different treatment techniques. There were 14 trained panellists involved in the study and they were asked to assess 15 sensory attributes including taste, flavour and mouth-feel of Wonosari green tea on Spectrum method. In general it can be concluded that the music mostly enhance the intensity of sensory attributes (p-value<0.05). It is also important to note that positive emotions improved when respondents listening to Mozart-s regardless the duration of listening.

Keywords
green tea; emotion; sensory, music

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dVThkJM7fj8n

Corresponding Author
Nadhira Salsabila Adawiyah

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology
Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
The use of probiotics as feed supplements in animal production has increased considerably over the last decade, particularly since the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in the livestock sector. Probiotics strain must be able to survive the harsh condition in the stomach and small intestine. Encapsulating probiotic cells with suitable agents helps them resist such adverse conditions. In this study, spray drying was used as an encapsulating method for the preservation of probiotic cultures to enhance its stability and viability as feed supplements in animal production. The encapsulating agents were suspended with Lactobacillus plantarum and drying was carried out in a pilot-plant spray dryer. Partial replacement of maltodextrin, as encapsulating agent, with the gum Arabic and CMC were done to improve the quality of encapsulant. Viability, morphology (by SEM) and several physical properties (yield, moisture content, bulk density, and hygroscopicity) of probiotics microcapsules were analyzed to know the effect of the encapsulating agent to the stability of probiotics microcapsules. The research demonstrated that survival rate of bacteria after drying depended on encapsulant agent. After 30-day-storage of the dried bacteria, the highest survival rate was noted in case of spray-dried cells in Maltodextrin-gum Arabic. While the cells encapsulated in Maltodextrin-CMC cause high viscosity in the suspension that affected stickiness during drying process. The results of viability and morphology that showed through SEM analysis suggest a better protection and thus a higher stability of the probiotic microcapsules produced with partial replacement of maltodextrin with gum Arabic than those produced with maltodextrin only.

Keywords
Microencapsulation, Spray drying, Probiotic bacteria, Maltodextrin, Gum Arabic, CMC, Viability

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/G2F4wAq36gnC

Corresponding Author
Wenny Bekti Sunarharum

Institutions
Brawijaya Senso-Gastronomy Centre, Sensory and Applied Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
There are two basic coffee post-harvest processing applied by coffee farmers and industries in the world, namely dry (or natural) processing and wet (or wash) method. As the simplest method of coffee processing, natural method has been much appreciated as the eco-friendly coffee processing method due to its benefit of reducing the use of water resources. The “natural coffee” produced also exhibit specific sensory characters. However, the sensory profile of coffee could be influenced by many other factors including the different brewing method applied. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different manual brewing methods i.e. Indonesian “tubruk” method, Vietnam drip, cold brew, and aero press to the flavour profile of two Indonesian Robusta “natural coffees” origin i.e. Robusta Gayo and Robusta Kerinci. Evaluation was performed on 33 sensory attributes including the separation of rating between dry aroma and wet aroma using Sensory Descriptive Analysis method employing 10 trained student panelists. Data analysis was performed using Minitab 17 and the Unscrambler® X MVA software. The result showed as many as 21 attributes were rated by the panelist while 12 attributes were not rated showing that coffee flavor evaluation remains challenging. Different manual brewing methods was found to have significant impact on 17 sensory attributes, while different Indonesian coffee origin s were rated to have no significant difference only on burnt flavor and body.

Keywords
natural coffee, manual brewing, sensory

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DcbhPykmGpZF

Corresponding Author
Mokhamad Nur

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, 65145, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Numerous antimicrobials, hormones and enzymes as bioactive peptides/proteins could take advantage of oral delivery. Microparticles produced by complexation of two polyelectrolytes may have prospective use as a carrier for oral administration of proteins/peptides. Food polysaccharides like alginate, carrageenan, pectin, tragacanth and dextran can be potential excipients for this purpose. In this research, microparticles were created by the inclusion of bioactive protein/peptides into a tragacanth hydrogel accompanied by drying process. Insulin was utilized as a bioactive proteins model. Bioactive protein and tragacanth microparticles created at various pH and drying methods (freeze drying and spray drying) were assessed by SEM analysis and ATR Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR). The SEM study revealed that sub spherical microparticle was produced using spray drying process while the porous structure was produced using the freeze drying method. In FTIR study, the complexes between tragacanth and insulin displayed amide absorption bands appearing in the protein spectra and exhibited the formation of new chemical substances. This finding indicates that both spray and freeze dried microparticles may act as a potentially promising device for oral delivery of bioactive proteins and peptides

Keywords
Tragacanth; Freeze Drying; Spray Drying; Microparticles; Oral Delivery; Hydrogel; Insulin

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VTfFpGb4NCnd

Corresponding Author
Dego Yusa Ali

Institutions
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Dayak bulb (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) as known as Ghost Onion found in Central Kalimantan. This plant usually used as a medicinal plant. Dayak bulbs have bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, triterpenoids, and quinines. These compounds are useful as antioxidant obtained by extraction. The effectiveness of extraction influenced by the natural composition of dried bulbs, process temperature, air pressure in the process, type of solvent, and extraction method used. Common method used for extractions are maceration, reflux, and soxhlet. Ethanol 96 % and n-hexane were used for extraction. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction methods and combinations of solvents types used. This method for this research using Randomized Block Design Factorial (RBDF), where the first factor is the extraction method consisting of 3 levels (maceration, reflux, and soxhlet) and second factor is the ratio of solvent type which consisted of 3 levels (ethanol and hexane with ratio 70:30, ethanol and hexane with ratio 60:40, and ethanol and hexane with ratio 50:50). Dayak onion extract analysis consist of moisture content, yield, total phenols, total flavonoids, and IC50 antioxidant activity. The observed data were analyze using analysis of variance or ANOVA followed by Duncan test with 99% confidence level. The best treatment was determined using De Garmo method. The results showed that extraction method and ratio of solvent had a very significant effect (α=0,01) to the yield, moisture content, total phenols, total flavonoids, and IC50 antioxidant activity. The best result was extraction by maceration at the ratio 70:30 (ethanol:hexane). It produced 3.76% dry extract yield with 14.01 % moisture content, 8.62 mgGAE/g phenolic content, 28.20 mgQE/g flavonoid contents, and IC50 of the extract was 17.33 ppm.

Keywords
Extraction, Eleutherine palmifolia, Bioactive, Antioxidant, Dayak Bulb

Topic
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/apnAGMJgRhjw