Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya

Institutions
Universitas Negeri malang (UM)

Abstract
In order to explore Fe minerals in Three-Coloured Beach, we investigated the effect of sediment particle size to leach of Fe in the each of geochemical fractions.The bulk and fine grained sediment samples were leached of Fe using the optimized BCR microwave method. The both of bulk and fine grained filtrate samples were measured of Fe in each of fraction in sediment by AAS. The optimized of BCR microwave method revealed the accuracy (⁓ 90%) and precision (RSD <30%) of leached Fe in both sediments measurements. The total concentrations of leached Fe in bulk sediment were lower two times compared with those in fine grained sediment due to the affect of reaction rate of a chemical reaction. The same patterns of explored Fe in the geochemical fractions from the sediment fraction 1 (mobile fraction) to fraction 3 (oxidisable fraction) as stated non resistance sediment fractions showed lower portion of Fe compared with the Fe levels in sediment fraction 4 (residual fraction) or resistance sediment fraction. It indicated the bulk and fine grained sediments in Three-Coloured Beach were categorized the enrichment of Fe in natural sediment.

Keywords
sediment, geochemical fractios, BCR, Fe, Three-Coloured Beach

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UGm2fEZtvChc

Corresponding Author
Yunita Rakhmawati

Institutions
1.Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
2.Rumah Sakit Mardi Waluyo

Abstract
Manifestation of protein energy malnutrition is decreasing haemoglobin synthesis. One of alternatife high protein sources is a snail (Achatina fulica). Snail powder have 58,13% protein per 100 gram. This research to knowing effect of snail powder on haemoglobin levels of strain wistar rats with non protein diet. The treatment used in this reasearch are give the rats with snail powder contain 4% protein, 19% protein, and 50 % protein within 4 group of strain wistar rats which is given non protein diet along 12 days. The result are high protein snail powder (50%) have sinificant effect to increasing the level of haemoglobin (p<0.05). Data show that non protein diet decreases haemoglobin level and high protein diet on snail powder can increased haemoglobin levels in all groups. This research show that snail powder effected to increasing haemoglobin levels on strain wistar rats with non protein diet.

Keywords
Protein energy malnutrition, haemoglobin, snail powder

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tDCPnm8k3Jph

Corresponding Author
AMAN SANTOSO

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Acidification and coagulation are important processes in making cheese from cows milk. The concentration of starter and liquid rennet affects the characteristics of the cheese. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the concentration of starter and rennet on cheese from good quality and determine the yield value, moisture content, protein content, and organoleptic cheese test. Variations in starter concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% while variations in rennet concentrations were 0.010%; 0.025%; and 0.040%. The results of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that starter and rennet concentrations affect color, texture, and protein content while rennet concentration only affects water content (P <0.05). The yield of cheese, flavor and arom was less affected (P> 0.05). This study used Mann-Whitney to analyze the data. The result showed that the chesee produced has a soft texture, yellowish white color, typical aroma of cheese, and a typical salty cheese flavor. The yield of cheese, water content, and protein content in this study were 13.46-19.19%, 50.87-66.05%, and 3.86-9.73%.

Keywords
chesse, starter, rennet, coagulation, acidification

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HAyPpQnLaYez

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of
Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
The study aimed to determine type natural zeolite from Malang East Java and the size of the activated natural zeolite as a catalyst as well as hydrolysis time on conversion cellulose to glucose that was assisted by ultrasound. Natural zeolite rock was crushed and sieved in the size of 50, 100, and 200 mesh. Zeolite was activated by means of heating at a temperature of 500 ℃ for 5 hours. The zeolite characterized using XRD and BET. Hydrolysis of cellulose using variation of mesh size and ultrasonication time. Hydrolysis results were measured using the Nelson-Somogyi test. The results showed that the type of natural zeolite from Malang East Java is a mordenite. Surface area of activated natural zeolite in the size of 50, 100, and 200 mesh respectively is 13.065, 99.096 and 27.081 m2/g. The highest yield of glucose obtained when it was used an activated natural zeolite in the size of 100 mesh and sonicated during 240 minutes. The highest yield of hydrolysis cellulose to glucose when it is used natural zeolite catalysts active with a size of 100 mesh that is 12.69%.

Keywords
activated natural zeolite, cellulose, glucose, hydrolysis, ultrasound.

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BZyjrpUzHAt8

Corresponding Author
Mochammad Fitri Athoillah

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University

Abstract
High fat-high fructose diet (HFFD) lead to overnutrition which disturb glucose homeostasis. Insulin plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism, and its role was affected during HFFD. Soybean (Glycine max L.) contains isoflavones, particularly daidzein and genistein which can be transformed using microbial and physical stimuli to synthesis glyceollin. Glyceollin is a phytoalexin which has a beneficial effect on health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of elicited soybean extract (ESE) on insulin concentration in high fat-fructose diet (HFFD) mice. Twenty-eight female Balb/C mice were divided into seven groups: normal diet (ND) only, ND + ESE 104 mg/kg BW, HFFD only, HFFD + Simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg, HFFD + ESE 78 mg/kg BW, HFFD + ESE 104 mg/kg BW, and HFFD + ESE 130 mg/kg BW. The high fat-fructose diet was given over a period of 20 weeks, and ESE was administered orally per day after 20 weeks for four weeks. At week 24, the animals were sacrificed and the serum was collected. Insulin concentration was determined by indirect ELISA. The HFFD treatment significantly increased insulin concentration (p < 0.05) compared to a normal diet. The ESE treatment in HFFD mice could normalize insulin concentration compared to HFFD mice. Our results suggest that ESE has the potential to be used as a supplement to improves metabolic disorder through restore insulin concentration.

Keywords
Elicited soybean; Glyceollin; High fat-high fructose diet; Insulin

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z3JhC7rc9BNR

Corresponding Author
Fauzi Akhbar Anugrah

Institutions
(1) Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl Semarang 5 Malang, Inonesia (65145)
E-mail: fauzi.akhbar.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Medicinal plants Cinchona (Cinchona Ledgeriana Moens.) was once an Indonesian export commodity many years ago. Unfortunately, the decline of Cinchona production is currently also affected by plant-damaging fungal (Phytophthora infestans). This study aims to obtain endophytic bacteria in healthy Cinchona plants. A number of 64 endophytic bacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit Phytophthora mycelium growth by dual culture technique. Nine isolates had inhibitory activity against fungal mycelium growth above 50% compared to controls. The highest percentage of inhibition is shown by isolate B13 which is 84.31%. Many bacteria are motile and make calculations biased. Furthermore, an antagonistic confirmation test was carried out using a glass ring. Six of them still proved to be consistent in having the ability to inhibit mycelium growth respectively for isolates B13 was 68.32% ± 3.34, isolates D5 67.67% ± 0.92, isolates D13 were 65.43% ± 1.49, isolates B15 were 61.98% ± 1.18, isolates D11 were 58.91% ± 2.06, and B14 isolates at 57.76% ± 2.84. This result is a new literature in the study of the potential of Cinchona plant endophytic bacteria that can be developed for bio-control applications that are safe for plants and the environment.

Keywords
Endophytic bacteria, Cinchona, Dual culture, Antagonistic effect

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Rfe6DbHrX7TK

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Master Program of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
2 Polytechnique of Helath, ministry of Health, Mataram, Indonesia
32Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang

Abstract
Rotenone, a natural pesticide inhibit mitochondrial complex I enzyme that caused the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced ATP production and stimulate apoptosis. This condition will affect the proliferation and development. IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) is a protein that responsible for growth and development in prenatal and postnatal of somatic cells. IRS (insulin receptor substrate) responsible for signal transduction of IGF-1 for cell differentiation, proliferation, and anti-apoptosis. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had long been used as herbal medicine. Its contains triterpenes as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, macro and micronutrients as well. This study observed the effect of Centella asiatica (CA) extract to the expression of IGF-1, IRS and the linear growth of rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae. The zebrafish embryos were divided into 5 groups: control, Rotenone 12 ppb, Rotenone and CA extract concentration 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml respectively exposed from 2-hours post fertilization (hpf) until 3-days post fertilization (dpf). The expression of IGF-1 and IRS were conducted at 9 dpf by immunohistochemistry whole-mount and quantify the expressions by Image J software. The body length measured at 3, 6 and 9 dpf using Image Raster from optilab v2.2.1. The data analyzed using one way anova from SPSS v.18. The results showed that rotenone significantly decreased the IGF-1 and IRS expression (p<0.05). The administration of CA extract could be increased the expression of IGF-1 and IRS in rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae. The measurement of body length showed that rotenone reduced the body leng of larvae after 6 dpf, and 5 µg/mL of CA extract significantly increased the body length at 6 and 9 dpf. It can be concluded that CA extract increased the body length of zebrafish larvae through the increasing of IGF-1 and IRS signaling.

Keywords
Body length, Centella asiatica, IGF-1, IRS, zebrafish.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/93BpEf4nGrDJ

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
2Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Banten, Indonesia
3Department of Microbiology/Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia.
4Departement Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
5Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
6Labarotory of Biomedic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
7Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is ranked the third most cases and second cause of death in the world 2018. Many innovative anticancer drugs have been developed through a variety of natural bioactive compounds, one of which is from microorganisms. This study aims to prove the effect of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Subsp. Hygroscopicus. in decreasing the expression of DLD-colorectal cancer DNA. The fractionation process used Flash Column Chromatography (BUCHI Reveleris PREP Purification System) while the percentage of nuclear DNA expression was measured using immunofluorescent (DAPI). Thirty fractions were obtained from the fractionation process. The DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line was cultured and exposed to each fractions at doses of 80, 8, and 0.8 ppm for 2x24 hours. From immunofluorescent analysis, fractions 13, 15, 16, 18, and 19 are able to reduce the DAPI expression of DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line below 100%. Statistical analysis shows differences in the percentage of nuclear DNA expression between the five fractions and controls (p = 0,000). The results of the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test shows that there are differences in the percentage of nucleus DNA expression between various dosages of the five fractions and controls (p <0.005). Correlation test shows that there is a correlation (p <0.05) between increasing the dose of the five fractions with the expression of nucleus DNA with a very strong correlation coefficient. So, it can be concluded that the administration of the five ethyl acetate extracts of S. hygroscopicus can reduce the proliferation ability as measured by the percentage of DNA expression of the DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line nucleus cancer.

Keywords
Fraction, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, expression of nucleus DNA, DLD-1

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MJ6jfNZgGYdr

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang, 65145, Indonesia
2Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

a)Corresponding author: nurul.hidayat.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
A very careful X-ray diffraction (XRD) data collection and analysis is inherently important prior to further materials characterizations. More importantly when we deal with structural analysis, XRD is the best choice in terms of a simpler and easier approach as against other sophisticated instruments, like high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) or small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Furthermore, the Scherrer equation provides an excellent feature to calculate the size of sub-micrometer crystallites or particles through the XRD pattern-s broadening peak. This present paper explores some analytical approaches to accurately extract the crystallografic structure and estimated particle size of magnetite (Fe3O4) and zincite (ZnO) nanoparticles which were prepared by simple coprecipitation approach. Single line analysis on the broadening XRD peak was computed with Lorentzian fitting to calculate the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for particle size calculation using Scherrer equation. Further full pattern XRD data analysis was executed by means of Rietveld method using Rietica and MAUD open-source softwares. From the refinement results, our analysis confirmed both softwares are powerful in determining the lattice parameters and particle size, even MAUD can plot the size distribution, and the results are in line with the HR-TEM and SANS data.

Keywords
Rietveld analysis, crystal structure, magnetite, zincite, nanoparticle.

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RQWqJBbUaZn7

Corresponding Author
FAISAL HUSSIN

Institutions
a) Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
b) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
*arahimyusoff[at]kimia.fs.utm.my

Abstract
Bacterial infection and injury caused by dressing removal are two concerning issues affecting the healing process in treatment of skin damaged. Electrospun nanofiber as substrate demonstrates promising results in tissue recovery process by promotion of cell adhesion and expansion. In this study, the electrospun of polyvinyl alcohol/poly-ε-caprolactone (PVA/PCL) nanofiber coated with two different types of natural antibacterial agents, i.e. poly-L-lysine and chitosan were investigated. PVA-PCL coated antibiotic chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was also prepared for comparison purpose. The FESEM images showed an increase in fiber diameter with the presence of antibacterial agents. The effects of antibacterial agents were examined by Disk Diffusion Test against S.aureus and E. coli based on measurement of inhibition zone of bacterial growth. The results reveal that CHG, poly-L-lysine and chitosan started to inhibit the growth of bacteria when coating in 5, 15 and 20 min, respectively. Besides, the tensile strength values of PVA/PCL/antibacterial agents tested appear to be within the range of tensile strength values for human skin which conclude that the PVA/PCL/antibacterial agent nanofiber is suitable for regenerating human skin. Lastly, the hydrophilicity of the electrospun of PVA/PCL/antibacterial agents nanofiber was confirmed by water contact angle measurement which is 0°, thus theoretically can improve the cell adhesion and expansion onto the skin membrane.

Keywords
Electrospun; Polyvinyl alcohol; Poly-ε-caprolactone; Chitosan; Scaffold

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XqVKJrCvpbwE

Corresponding Author
YONG CHEE TAN

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
* arahimyusoff[at]kimia.fs.utm.my
b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
Bacterial infection and dehydration are two dominant issues that limited the effectiveness of the available treatments in re-establishing the structure and functions of damaged skin. Currently, electrospinning, that using electrostatic forces to fabricate polymeric nanofibre, has received blooming attention in the invention of ideal skin scaffold because of its ability to produce multifunctional nanofibres that is not only prevented the problems but also mimicked the extracellular matrix to accelerate the wound healing process. In this project, two synthetic polymers, i.e. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), and different amount of a natural polymer, i.e. Chitosan, were blended and electrospun into nanofibre. The presence of synthetic polymers was crucial as they increased the electrospinnability of chitosan. For comparison purposes, the electrospun PVA-PCL nanofibres were also fabricated. Disc diffusion testing was conducted initially and exhibited that the blended nanofibres inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when the content of chitosan reached 1.5 wt%. The infrared spectroscopy result of both PVA-PCL-Chitosan and PVA-PCL showed typical peaks of PVA and PCL at 3327 and 1719 cm-1 represented O-H and C=O bonds, respectively. FESEM images showed that the smaller fibre and bimodal structure nanofibrous mat were obtained when the chitosan was added. Finally, the hydrophilicity of the PVA-PCL-Cs nanofibrous mat was confirmed by water contact angle which is 0° and hypothetically, it could prevent dehydration and improve cell adhesion to accelerate the wound healing process.

Keywords
Electrospinning; nanofibre; Antibacterial activity; scaffold

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nYGC3mbBQjPH

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

2 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite and its performance as drug carrier system for doxorubicin. The silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite was synthesis via co-precipitation and hydrolysis routes. Based on the data analysis of crystallographic characterization, the silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite formed in nanometric size of approximately 7.14 nm. The elemental characterization presented that Zn, Fe, and Si were detected in constructing silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite. Moreover, the functional groups of Fe-O, Zn-O, and Si-O-Si were identified at the various wavelength originating from silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite. Interestingly, the silica/Fe2.18Zn0.82O4 nanocomposite exhibited excellent performance as drug carrier for doxorubicin detected from absorbance and stability behaviours.

Keywords
Silica, Fe2.18Zn0.82O4, nanocomposite, doxorubicin, carrier.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cZ2HdTK4PuAB

Corresponding Author
Anisa Meilia Ashoffi

Institutions
Departement of Biology , Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Roaming over 323.99 ha of savanna at Baluran National Park is the green peafowl (Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766), which becomes one of the major focus in conservation endeavor due to their decreasing global population. The previous studies on this species mainly focused on their feeding behavior. In this research, we try to get a deeper insight about their feed preference in order to develop a better habitat preservation for this species at Baluran National Park. This descriptive explorative research aims to discern the feed preference of green peafowl based on their faecal composition and to determine their ecological role based on the respective preferences. This research was carried out through cluster sampling of any feces found in the savanna of Bekol and identifying the remnants of food found in the species. The results indicate that green peafowl mainly feed on Salvia riparia Kunth and some other plants. From the observation and the faecal composition analysis, it can be inferred that green peafowl serves an important role in seed dispersal of various plants in the savanna thus this species holds the key role in shaping the ecosystem in the savanna.

Keywords
Green Peafowl, Feed Preference, Baluran National Park, Ecological Role

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JekGajF74RAP

Corresponding Author
Dwi Pipit Indriyanti

Institutions
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
(2) Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b) dwipipitindriyanti13[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Research with the title phytoremediation of Krebet Sugar Factory wastewater using water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) to reduce levels of BOD and COD has been carried out in March-June of 2019. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) on BOD levels and COD in Krebet Sugar Mill wastewater with phytoremediation technique. The research method used is the posttest-only control group design, which is conducting experiments on liquid waste taken at three points on the waste stream using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) with three replications. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Krebet Sugar Mill wastewater treatment with phytoremediation technique using water spinach plants was able to reduce BOD parameters by 5.49 mg / L at the first point, 2.532 mg / L at the second point, and 5.2 mg / L at the third point, while COD was 7.79 mg / L at the first point, 12.56 mg / L at the second point, and 12.15 mg / L at the third point. The conclusion is the phytoremediation technique using water spinach plants influential to reduce the levels of BOD and COD in liquid waste

Keywords
fitoremediation, water spinach plants, BOD, COD

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZWPfLDBr9eGT

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Jalan Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
subandi.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Jalan Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
novita.indri[at]yahoo.com
c) MRCCP Universitas Machung Malang
tatas.brotosudarmo[at]machung.ac.id
d) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang
srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Obesity is often caused by high levels of blood fats and can lead to the emergence of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and type II diabetes. One of the known anti obesity drugs is orlistat, that works as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Methanol extract and flavonoid isolate from watermelon mesocarp have been shown to have activity as pancreatic lipase inhibitor, but the flavonoid species is not known yet. The aims of this study are to: isolate the flavonoid from ethanol extract of watermelon mesocarp, determine the activity of isolated as pancreatic lipase inhibitor and determine the types of flavonoid isolate spectrofotometrically by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and LC- MS/MS. This descriptive laboratory study using methanol in extraction stage and then TLC to isolate the flavonoid. Inhibitory activity assay have been done by titrimetric method, using porcine pancreatic lipase (Sigma) as enzyme, olive oil as substrate and orlistat as standard inhibitor.The results had shown that: 1) there are six flavonoid isolates from ethanol extract of watermelon mesocarp, that has pacreatic lipase inhibition power: 77 fold (1st and 2nd isolate), 71 fold (3rd isolate), 92 fold (4th isolate), 103 fold (5th isolate), and 96 fold (6th isolate) respectively, relative to Orlistat at the same mass, and 2) based on the spectrum of UV-Vis, FT-IR, and LC-MS/MS, all of the six flavonoid isolates are catechin or oligomer of catechin.

Keywords
watermelon mesocarp, pancreatic lipase inhibitor, flavonoids, anti obesity, cathecin

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCLq3KbJPHr8

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya
2 Departement of Pediatrics, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya
3Bachelor Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Stunting is a growth disorder in the form of linear growth retardation. Risk factors, both internal and external that occur from the time of pregnancy to the age of two years greatly influence the occurrence of stunting. Rotenone is a natural pesticide that proved had stunting effect on zebrafish. The mechanism of action of rotenone is by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, thus increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP depletion. Folic acid not only as micronutrients needed in growth , but also have an activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid on body length, heart rate, motility and bone ossification of rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae stunting model. Rotenone and folic acid administered from 2 -72 hpf (hour post fertilization). The concentration of folic acid used in this study was 50, 70, and 100 μM, while rotenone 12.5 ppm. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed a significant difference in body length, heart rate, motility and bone ossification among the rotenone and folic acid group. Folic acid concentrations of 50 and 70 μM could normalize the body length, heart rate, whereas folic acid 100 μM actually increases bone ossification. It can be concluded that folic acid could protect stunting in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords
folic acid, stunting, zebrafish, body length, ossification.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Gfx3eKMLnTYz

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Fatoni

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Abstract
Gold mining is the main source of waste tailings production that can pollute the environment. Gold phytomining is the process of extracting gold metal from the soil by a gold hyperaccumulator plant. In this study sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is used as the main agent of gold phytomining symbiosis with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF), Glomus sp. This study has two purposes. First, measuring the concentration of Au metal in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) use symbiosis Glomus sp. Mycorrhiza, when accumulate gold metal. Second, determining the resistance of the stem height and number of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaves. The method used is through AAS and periodic measurements. The results obtain sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is able to accumulate gold. The highest concentration of Au metal is 137.81 mg/kg obtained at the treatment of 100 grams of mycorrhiza, while the lowest concentration of Au metal is 35.24 mg/kg obtained at the treatment of 0 gram mycorrhiza. The 40 grams of mycorrhiza has the most significant effect related to sunflower resistance (Helianthus annuus) when absorbing gold metal because it produces plants with a stem height of 13 cm and the highest number of leaves is 10 leaves.

Keywords
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Gold, Glomus sp., Mycorrhiza.

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2L3e6PzxQDZH

Corresponding Author
Atieya Abdul Hadi

Institutions
1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia
2. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia
3. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
In this study, green synthesis AgNP was performed using Diplazium esculentum aqueous extract and characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The formation of colloidal AgNPs was proven by the significant surface plasmon resonance band at 450 nm and XRD pattern and HRTEM images confirmed the consistent pattern of elliptical crystalline AgNPs in a face-centered cubic (fcc) geometry with an average particle size of 23.385 ± 8.349 nm. FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the presence of biomolecules from the plant extract on the AgNPs acting as capping agent. Catalytic reduction activity showed up to 91% decolourisation of methyl blue obeying a pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0395 min^(-1). For adsorption capacity, 87% adsorption of methylene blue dye was obtained when 3 mg of AgNPs was used. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay exhibited positive results when conducted against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) through disk diffusion technique. Therefore, the biosynthesized AgNPs using Diplazium esculentum aqueous extract is proven active in the removal of the dye via catalytic reduction and adsorption with good potential as antibacterial agent.

Keywords
green synthesis, silver nanoparticle, diplazium esculentum, dye removal, antibacterial

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BmzrF4MRZ8pJ

Corresponding Author
Fauziatul Fajaroh

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
One of the nanoparticles used in the medical world is ZnO nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using bananas peel extract as a capping agent. This research was conducted in four steps: extraction of three kind of bananas peel (red kapok, ambon, and tanduk), phytochemical test on the bananas peel extract, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the extracts, characterization of ZnO nanoparticles by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the test of the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Based on the phytochemical test it was proven that bananas peel extract contained secondary metabolite such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins in various concentration. From the XRD it can be concluded that ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. Through the agar diffusion test, it can be showed that ZnO nanoparticles are a promising materials as antibacterial agents. This statement is based on evidence that the diameter of the clear zone produced ranges from 8 to 10 mm.

Keywords
banana peel extract, nanoparticles, ZnO, antibacterial agent

Topic
Bionanotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6ufwaBDrVT7N

Corresponding Author
Ainur Rofieq

Institutions
(a) Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang
(b) Biology Laboratory, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang

*Corresponding author: ainurrofieq[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the content and classify types of snacks sold in high schools containing harmful food additives and analyze the level of student awareness of food additives and their cleanliness. This descriptive-analytic study took samples in the form of snacks sold in schools, as well as students as respondents. This research was conducted in four cities in East Java, i.e. Malang, Blitar, Pasuruan, and Bangkalan. The results showed that there were five types of hazardous food additives identified in 272 snacks samples; one food additive, methanil yellow, was not identified. As much as 103 samples (37.9%) containing harmful substances included borax by 53.9%, saccharine 21.6% (exceeding the threshold), cyclamate 13.7% (exceeding the threshold), Rhodamine-B (5.7%), and formalin 4.9%. Based on the types of snacks, 15 types contain hazardous food additives, most of which are identified in crackers and drinks. While the level of awareness of high school students about food additives and hygiene varied from the moderate level (73.1%), good (16.9%), and poor (10%).

Keywords
Borax; cyclamate; formalin; hazardous food additives; methanil yellow; rhodamine-B; saccharine; students awareness

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FzBdanvA4h7D

Corresponding Author
Siti Zubaidah

Institutions
(a) Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No 5, Malang 64145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
(b) Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. Jl. Raya Kendalpayak Km.8 Malang 65101, East Java, Indonesia.

Abstract
Heterosis is an important trait in the development of hybrid varieties. Information on heterosis characteristics on the morphology and anatomy of soybean leaves is important in relation to the determination of a potential parent for the development of high yielding superior varieties. The aim of this study was to analyze the heterosis of morphology and anatomy characters of F1 soybean leaves derived from Argomulyo varieties and CpMMV-resistant lines. The study design used was a randomized block design with 3 replications. The results showed that the highest estimated heterosis in petiol diameters was shown by the hybrids of UM 4.1 x Argomulyo cross. The character of leaf length had a difference in heterosis value of 76.97%, leaf width of 72.87% and petiol length of 80.74% compared to the highest parent, namely hybrid Argomulyo x UM 6.1 cross. On the petiol diameter characters of 17 combinations of crosses, there was only one hybrid cross that had a positive value with a difference in the value of 81.01% compared to the highest parent UM 4.1 x Argomulyo, while 16 other hybrids were negative. The Argomulyo x UM 3.4 crosses consistently showed heterosis on the character of leaf length, leaf width, petiol length, and leaf ratio. F1 derived from Argomulyo x UM.3.2 crosses had a positive heterosis value on the character of upper surface trichomes, while Argomulyo x UM 7.3 had a negative heterotic value on the lower surface trichome characters and the upper surface trichomes. In the character of the lower surface trichome of 17 of crosses, there were two combinations of crosses that have a positive heterosis value with the difference of 24.27% and 36.93% compared to the highest parents, namely UM 3.4 x Argomulyo and UM 4.1. x Argomulyo, while other crosses were negative. The UM 4.1 x Argomulyo cross was the best hybrid in all leaf anatomical characters. In all leaf anatomical characters, there were four crosses which had negative heterosis, namely Argomulyo x UM 2.4, Argomulyo x UM 7.3, UM 6.2 x Argomulyo, and UM 7.3 x Argomulyo.

Keywords
heterosis, morphology, anatomy, soybean

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8nG6Mh4LTBQC

Corresponding Author
Kristiyanto kristiyanto

Institutions
Indraprasta PGRI University, South Jakarta

Abstract
Creating and developing of home gardens functions to welfare of local people and it-s has considered as a source of medicinal plants and its biodiversity. The method was used to identifying of how far the local people of urban city has utilized home gardens functions in their living, which were inventories and analysis process in this research that used to measure of plant diversity (biodiversity), beside the direct observation and in depth interview methods. The result of this research has obtained some of plant species in home garden and its used to local people in their living were example of plant of vegetable species (22,6%), plant of flavor species (8,4%), plant of adorned species (22,6%), plant of fruit species (14,3%), and which plant species as medicinal is more used to local people at least 32,1% than the other plant species. Utilized of yard or home gardens as human being in meet a demand of family and community scale, at this time has many of needs to pay an attention to all of side, because the role and its contribution of home gardens was more advantageous kindly of economic, social, and ecological aspects and it-s a part of social resilience systems goals.

Keywords
Biodiversity, Ecological health, Home gardens, Local People, Social resilience, Urban City

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qACMHde8Bm2W

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
Department of Nursery, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nurul Jadid, Jl. KH. Zaini Mun-im Karanganyar Paiton Probolinggo,
Indonesia

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TBC) treatment should be consistently done by patients and be interrupted since it will: 1) have an impact on drug and bacterial resistance, 2) take longer treatment, 3) impact on saturation to patients, and 4) increase the doses of the drug. Given the complexities of the above fact, the present study was designed to uncover the correlation between self-efficacy and the implementation of standard operational procedure of treatment. A total sample of 100 respondents were recruited purposively. The instrument employed in this study was a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rank Analysis test. In this study, p-value 0,000<0,05 was obtained. The result of this study indicated that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and the implementation of standard operational procedure of treatment encountered by tuberculosis patients. Patients with pulmonary TBC who had high self-efficacy will be able to implement the standard operational procedure at home, including the ethics of coughing, environmental health, smoking prohibition, personal protective equipment, regular taking medicine and nutrition consumption. These are significant in the treatment and prevention of transmission processes. This study has set as a practical perspective in preventing transmission of Tuberculosis within families and communities.

Keywords
self-efficacy, knowledge level, treatment, tuberculosis patient

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uYRZD9Eyeftv

Corresponding Author
Nik Ahmad Nizam

Institutions
(1) Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

(2) Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
The problem with bacteria resistance to antibiotics and antibacterial agents necessitates the development of powerful and effective antibacterial agents. Silver based materials such as silver nanoparticles or silver ions loaded in inorganic materials are examples of the effective inorganic antibacterial agents that can overcome this problem. They are known to have high antibacterial activity against wide spectrum of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) even at low amount. However, the high usage of silver will create secondary problems which are environmental pollution and also possible bacterial resistance towards silver. Thus, one of the alternative approaches is by creating a hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agent using an aluminosilicate material such as zeolite or kaolinite as a carrier system for silver ions and functionalized the silver-zeolite or silver-kaolinite with suitable organic compound. This alternative approach enables lower amount of silver usage but maintaining the antibacterial efficacy due to the synergistic effect of organic compounds that attached together on the carrier system. Our group of research has successfully invented several hybrid antibacterial agents namely surfactant modified silver-zeolite, amine functionalized silver-zeolite, surfactant modified silver-kaolinite, chlorhexidine modified silver-kaolinite and aminoglycoside loaded surfactant modified silver kaolinite. The attachment of organic compound on the silver-zeolite and kaolinite changed physicochemical properties of the raw materials such as the charge was changed from negative to positive and becoming partially hydrophobic and hydrophilic but maintaining the structure of the carrier system. Furthermore, these hybrid antibacterial agents exhibited high antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as compared to single antibacterial agent loaded on the carrier system. This research could pioneering more hybrid organic-inorganic antibacterial agents in the future since there are many other possible organic and inorganic materials can be combined together in the suitable carrier system and this could lead to lowering the vast usage of silver as antibacterial agent.

Keywords
Antibacterial agent, zeolite, kaolinite, silver, surfactant

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TtvMuxhPfYcg

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Hapiz

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mataram, Indonesia
3Department of Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

*Corresponding Email: ahmad.hapiz01[at]gmail.com
**Corresponding Email: fatur[at]unram.ac.id
*** Corresponding Email: hendrabio[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
This research aims to characterize the edible macrofungi at Kerandangan Protected Forest & Natural Park, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This research was a descriptive and explorative study. This research conducted from January to June 2016. The sample of edible Mushrooms was token by Cruise method. The sample collected by folowing the tarack that have been made, the cruise was done by seeing the right and left side a long the track untill the mushroom found and after that the mushroom were documented and collected into steril and ziplock. Identification has done throughout profile matching of macroscopic characteristic with mushrooms identification book and than we also did Phylogeny Analysis Based on Similarity morphological characters and Dendogram tree was reconstructed using PAST 3.0. The result showed that there are eight species of edible mashrooms found in the study area such as Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces umkowaan ,Termitomyces sp. 1, Pleorotus flabelatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus desimenatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Polyporus sp. All of them involved of Basidiomycota. Based on characterization and identification, the species are grouped into three ordos and five families. Most of the edible macrofungi growth at soil and deadwood. Base on Phylogeny Analysis using Similarity of morphological characters showed that species in the same genus has high index of similerity and base on all species it has index similerity about 0,40.

Keywords
Edible mushrooms, Identification, Kerandangan Protected Forest & Natural Park

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8peE3bNYzBtu

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang

Abstract
Pancreatic lipase enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion. This enzyme hydrolyzes fat into fatty acids and glycerol to be absorbed by the body. However, excessive fat intake can cause obesity. Previous studies had shown that papaya seed extract contains flavonoids and was capable of inhibiting pancreatic lipase. However the type and structure of flavonoids contained in the papaya seeds have not been idenfied. The purposes of this study were to isolate papaya seed flavonoids, to identify their structure, and to determine their inhibitory power against pancreatic lipase both in vitro and in silico. This is a descriptive laboratories research conducted in five stages, namely 1) the preparation of papaya seed powder; (2) extraction, isolation, and phytochemical analysis of flavonoids, (3) identification and structure determination of flavonoid isolates using UV-Vis, FTIR and LC-MS/MS specroscopies, 4) in vitro analysis of the inhibition power of flavonoid isolates against pancreatic lipase; and (5) in silico analysis by docking technique using flavonoid isolates as ligands and pancreatic lipases as receptors. This research was able to isolate some of the flavonoid compounds from ethanol extracts of papaya seeds in which all of them have a higher inhibitory power against pancreatic lipase compared to commercial anti-obesity drugs Orlistat. Flavonoid isolate of papaya seed having the highest inhibitory power (53 times the inhibitory power of Orlistat) is liquiritigenin. In silico analysis shows that liquiritigenin has a binding position to the pancreatic lipase enzyme which is relatively the same as Orlistat, but its binding affinity is greater than Orlistat.

Keywords
papaya seed flavonoid, pancreatic lipase inhibitor, liquiritigenin, orlistat

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Hv9xUA27hLVf

Corresponding Author
Abiyyu Rahmawan

Institutions
a) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and natural science, State University of Malang
Semarang street no. 5, Malang 65145, East Java Indonesia

Abstract
Bawean is an island with 11,872 ha of area, located about 140 km from Gresik Districts, East Java. Bawean become one of the marine tourism destinations, especially in Noko island which one of the small island areas lived by ± 700 peoples. Noko island located 4 km east from Bawean surrounded by coral reefs. Ship traffic and fishing activities by local communities potentially damage the coral reefs ecosystem. The study aims to determine the key species and identify the extent of coral reefs damage. The study was descriptive explorative using Belt Transects as far as 150 meters from the farthest coral reefs boundary in two different locations. Data analyzed by Important Value Index and standard criteria damage for the coral reefs. The results was found 87 coral reef species and covering at location 1 was 10.41% /m2 with category 5. Location 2 was 92% /m2 with category 5 and according to the standard criteria damage to coral reefs was on very good category. Acropora palifera is the key species with the highest density and frequency, location 1 with density of 10.41% and frequency 98%, location 2 by 18.5% density with frequency 93%.

Keywords
Reefs, Important Value, Damage, Gili - Noko Bawean Island

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cxmkrKhWAwH4

Corresponding Author
Mohamad Amin

Institutions
a)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences State University of Malang, JL. Semarang No.5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
* athiyah.layla[at]gmail.com
b)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences State University of Malang, JL. Semarang No.5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
umie.lestari.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences State University of Malang, JL. Semarang No.5 Malang, East Java, IndonesiaCorresponding author: mohamad.amin.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The consumption of beef in Indonesia continues to increase every year, but national beef production is only able to meet 65% of domestic demand. Therefore, a new innovation is needed to increase the productivity of cattle, one of them by twinning births in cattle. The identification begins with taking blood samples of cattle. Then isolation of bovine blood DNA, amplification of sequence ovulation rate gene, horizontal electrophoresis, and then sequencing. The sequencing results were then analyzed using bioinformatics software to see the sequence variation and thus found predictions of established polypeptides which might play a role in the rate of ovulation of Limousin cattle. Based on the results of the analysis, there was a sequence variation and the prediction of the polypeptide formed was Cytokine (TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor). This shows that the variations that occur cannot change the polypeptide formed, because the polypeptide formed from the three samples is a class of cytokines that have a function for ovulation in mammals. Thus it can be concluded that the variation of gene sequences does not change gene function can be said to be gene conserve and conservation and breeding to increase cow productivity.

Keywords
Sequence Variations, Ovulation Rate Gene, Twin Cattle.

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nU8gpkDftFej

Corresponding Author
Mohamad Amin

Institutions
a)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang,
*mohamad.amin.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
*achmad.makin.1503426[at]students.um.ac.id
c)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
*sswastika13[at]yahoo.com
d)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
*ardiyasrobisaputra[at]gmail.com
e)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
*mnurakbarabai[at]gmail.com
f)Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
* umie.lestari.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
The Madura cattle is one of Indonesian that have the advantages. One of the genes regulating genital formation in males of Madura cattle is the Sex-determining Region Y gene (SRY), this gene is dominant in regulating sex determination and fertile markers in male cattle. This study aims to determine the genetic variation of the SRY gene DNA sequences in local male Madurese cattle and analyze the function of these genes. The research method used for total blood DNA isolation was the phenol chloroform method. The SRY gene amplification samples were DNA sequenced and analyzed bioinformatics. The results of the SRY PCR gene electrophoregram show bands with a length of + 600pb. Five different regions on Madura Island were used as sampling locations, namely Lombang, Pajudan, Pasean, Kanang and Kanwa. The occurrence of transversion mutations in the 4th base sequence with the monomorphic pattern and prediction of the polypeptide showed the same polypeptide results from the two samples, namely AP-1 Complex. This protein has an important role as a transcription factor in the normal development of the testis. The sequence variation obtained is able to bring about the nature of heterozygosity and increase the value of genetic diversity.

Keywords
AP-1 complex, gene function, inbreeding, genetic variation, Madura local cattle

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NRz8DEZ2XgVx

Corresponding Author
Aulia Fahira

Institutions
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
2Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
3Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Abstract
RAS gene mutations, especially KRAS, are most common mutation in colorectal cancer. Mutations cause changes in conformation of KRAS protein, makes it unable to bind with RASGAP that works to turn KRAS off. The main chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) which inhibits thymidylate synthase. 5-FU has many side effects, therefore it is necessary to consider a combination therapy with natural chemotherapy agents, one of which is lysenin, found in coelomic fluid from Lumbricus rubellus. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of lysenin bond with KRAS as a way of inhibiting the cancer pathway. This research is an in silico experimental study using PatchDock, FireDock, PyMOL, and LigPlot, while the molecular structures are taken from Pubchem and Uniprot databases. Result from molecular docking indicates that there was a bond between lysenin and KRAS with binding affinity score -14.51 kcal/mol, while RASGAP and KRAS has a binding affinity score 4.32 kcal/mol, but after lysenin binds to KRAS, the binding affinity score of this complex with RASGAP becomes -20.47 kcal/mol which was stronger. In conclusion, it was estimated that lysenin was able to become a bond stabilizer between KRAS and RASGAP, consequently KRAS can be turned off. This mechanism of lysenin which was different from 5-FU was expected to have a synergistic effect in inhibiting colorectal cancer.

Keywords
Colorectal cancer, KRAS, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), lysenin, Lumbricus rubellus, molecular docking

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JbRQ86HVjxvG