Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
I Dewa Nyoman Sudita

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture Warmadewa University Denpasar Bali
idnsudita[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This study aims to determine the amount of nutrients given in feed for bali cows in Bali in different seasons. The study used a survey method through observations on 27 livestock groups in Bali by measuring the amount of feed given, diversity of feed ingredients, and sampling of feed ingredients for analysis. Measurements were made three times, namely in the rainy season (February-March), mid-dry season (June-July), and the peak of the dry season (September-October). The results showed a decrease in the type and diversity of feed ingredients in the ration, while the amount of ration given (kg/day of fresh weight) was almost the same (33.17; 33.15; and 32.82 kg). The total protein available in the ration was decreased in the rations given, namely: 706.52 g (rainy season), 648.65 g (mid-dry season), and 611.37 g (peak dry season). While the total energy tends to increase according to successive seasonal changes: 12,650.70; 13,820.18; and 13,974.21 kcal ME. From this study it can be concluded that although there is a decrease in the type and diversity of feed ingredients in the rations given to bali cows according to the season in Bali, but the amount of protein and energy above the basic livelihood needs of livestock.

Keywords
Fulfillment of protein and energy, bali cows

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FLqtfMDYjP6G

Corresponding Author
Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Indonesia
*nayakasih[at]gmail.com
(b) Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia

Abstract
Malnutrition is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The term of malnutrition includes a state of undernutrition and overnutrition. The purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional status of children age in local village, Bali. This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study with 60 subject which were kindergarten students in Bali and with 60 respondents which were the mother of the subjects. The data collecting technique of this research was purposive sampling, with using questionnaire for respondents and direct measurement for the subjects. Most of the respondents were in normal category based on anthropometry index. We also found the prevalence of overnutrition were higher than undernutrition. Undernutrition status was found more in children with less nutrient intake, normal nutrition status was found more in children with good nutrition intake, while overnutrition status was more dominant in children with high nutrition intake. Measurement of nutritional status for children is very important as anticipation data for further research and basis for making public health programs.

Keywords
nutritional status; children age 4-6 years old; nutritional intake

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GLAqgQwjxNH3

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Vegetarian diet has become a popular diet among people. However, the diet is known to cause the lack of some nutrients such as protein, iron, and B12, which has the implication on ones nutritional status. When the bodys metabolism is high as in times of growth, menstruation, pregnancy and lactation, and women of reproductive age group with vegetarian diets are vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies. The study is aimed to identifying nutritional status women of reproductive age group with vegetarian diets in Badung Regency. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative, with cross sectional approach. Nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (MT), Upper Arm Circumference (LILA), and Hemoglobin (Hb) level. Data analysis in the form of frequency distribution table and narrated. The result of measuring the nutritional status obtained is most women of reproductive age group with vegetarian diets have good nutritional status. Can be seen based on IMT as much as 67.3%, based on LILA as much as 87.3%, and based on Hb as much as 38.2%. Nutrition problems found on the basis of IMT were 32.7%, among them less nutrition, more and obesity. Based on LILA obtained only 12.7% who have less nutrition, and based on Hb levels found most who experienced anemia as much as 61.8%. From these results it is necessary to note the intake of foods and types of food consumed for nutritional needs are met. Foods derived from iron and vitamin C that facilitate the absorption of iron.

Keywords
Vegetarian, Nutritional Status, Body Mass Index (BMI), Hemoglobin Level (Hb), Ligkar Arm Up (LILA)

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wtBCTnKHWZbk

Corresponding Author
Astri Yuliawati

Institutions
a)Biology Education Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia
*astriyuliawati[at]uinsgd.ac.id
b)Departement of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism,Bogor Agricultural University. Indonesia

Abstract
Three main objectives of conservation are protection, preservation and sustainable utilization. Timor deer is one of Indonesian wild animal that has many benefits and high economic value. But the current timor deer population continues to decrease with population decline rate of 10% in each generation. It caused by harvesting without considering sustainability. Therefore it is necessary to manage the population for timor deer, so it can be available for sustainable use. Optimum sustainable population is a threshold population size for sustainable harvesting. The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimum sustainable population size so timor deer can be utilized sustainably in the future. The method used was projecting the actual population by using Leslie matrix (Density Dependence) so that population growth can be seen. The optimum sustainable population is the size of the population with the highest growth rate. The time used for this population projection is 100 years. Based on the results of this research, the optimum sustainable population size for timor deer in the pananjung Pangandaran nature reserve and natural park is 751 individuals and the optimum sustainable population size will be achieved in 2047.

Keywords
Sustain Yield, Timor deer, Conservation

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jPuM37F24cKC

Corresponding Author
Dwi Ayu Oktaviani

Institutions
a) Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State Univesity of Jakarta
Jalan Rawamangun Muka RT 11 RW 14, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia, 13220
*rusdi[at]unj.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify direct and indirect effect from hemoglobin level and working memory to learning outcome of cell subject matter. The samples of this research were 52 male students. This research was conducted at SMAN 22 Jakarta in July-August 2018. The level of hemoglobin was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method from HemoCue device, working memory was measured by questionnaire, and learning outcome by achievement test. Data was analysis with path analysis. The results showed that there was direct effect from hemoglobin level to working memory, direct effect from hemoglobin levels to learning outcome, and direct effect from working memory to learning outcome. There was indirect effect from hemoglobin levels to learning outcome through working memory. The effects were highly significant. It can be concluded there were direct effect from hemoglobin level and working memory to learning outcome.

Keywords
Hemoglobin, learning outcome, working memory

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2TuWBA9maD7F

Corresponding Author
Nurul Qomariah

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Abstract
Ciherang rice production, grown expansively in East Java, declines due to soil fertility aspect, especially Nitrogen intake. It could be a result of intensive use of inorganic fertilizer. Restoring soil fertility is necessary using Azolla as nutrient natural source, known for its Nitrogen supplement content to counterbalance the Urea fertilizer. The study aimed to investigate performance argonomy of Ciherang rice in Nitrogen balancing from Azolla and Urea fertilizer. The study began in March and completed in June 2019 in Sulek, Tlogosari, Bondowoso ±510 masl. The experiment used one-factor treatment RCBD; balancing Nitrogen nutrient intake using Azolla compost (A) and Urea fertilizer (U), 10 combinations, three replications. Duncan multiple-range test indicates the crop at its high performance at 68 DAP, total tillers, and productive tillers were influenced by AU 6 (Azolla balancing 12 g/m2:Urea 18 g/m2). Weigh performance of wet stover was affected by AU 8 (6 g/m2:24 g/m2), whereas that of dry stover was influenced by AU 7 (9 g/m2:21 g/m2). Grain weigh performance per hill was influenced by AU 4 (21 g/m2:9 g/m2), while per plot was influenced by AU 5 (18 g/m2:12 g/m2). Nitrogen intake balancing from Azolla and Urea fertilizer could restore the performance agronomy of Ciherang rice.

Keywords
Performance agronomy, Ciherang rice, nitrogen, Azolla compost, and Urea

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xbE4jrHDqQpA

Corresponding Author
Ni Ketut Etty Suwitari

Institutions
Program studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
The research was carried out at the Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University with a level of use of fermented coconut pulp, namely R0 (ration that contains no fermented coconut pulp, R1 (ration containing 5% fermented coconut pulp flour), R2 (ration containing 10 % fermented coconut pulp) and R3 (rations containing 15% fermented coconut pulp). Each combination of treatments was repeated three (3) times, and each replication consisted of 4 super female free-range chickens. Variables observed included: 1). Age of chicken growth includes the weight gain and final weight of super free-range chicken, 2) Percentage of carcass and non-carcasses for super free-range chicken, 3) Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR, 4) Feed consumption, and 5) B / C ratio. From this study it was found that the giving of coconut pulp flour was fermented up to 10% (R2) significantly (P <0.05) could increase weight gain and final weight and B / C ratio of 14 weeks super female free-range chicken, and flour dregs fermented coconut to the level of 10% also decreases ration consumption and the conversion of ration for super female chicken 14 weeks old.

Keywords
Performance, Carcass, Super Free-range chicken, Coconut Dregs, Fermentation

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/n3TQEj9rgtcU

Corresponding Author
Ni Putu Anom Sulistiawati

Institutions
a) Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali.
* E-mail: anomsulistia[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This study is entitled: Phenophysiology of the Formation and Fall of Flowers in an Effort to Overcome Fruit-Set Failure in Siam Citrus Plants. In this study the design used was a randomized block design, by observing how the stem position and the season affected the fall and forming flowers which finally affected the percentage of fruit-sets formed. Interaction between the location of flowers and the growing season showed a non-significant effect on the formation of flowers on the citrus plant. The average value between intervals and gadu shows no significant difference with each number of flower fall, namely: 152.57 (florets and 151.44 (florets). Percentage of fruit-set at the position of the upper, middle and lower stems shows differences which is not real, the most fruit-set formed is the top stem as much as 92.75% followed by the middle stem namely: 92.52%) and at least the percentage of fruit-set formed is the rootstock which is: 91.30%.

Keywords
Deciduous fruit, deciduous flowers, endogenous, environmental, and fruit-set

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cCzMjtrRykxg

Corresponding Author
Stefanus Muryanto

Institutions
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the eleventh most abundant element on Earth and is essential for life, but its presence in surplus quantities is problematic. Excessive P is responsible for eutrophication of water bodies which causes deterioration of aquatic environments, naturally and economically. Also, excess of P instigates operational problems for industrial facilities due to scale formation and accumulation, which may considerably hamper heat and mass transfer and translates into substantial financial loss. In many cases, the major component of the scale is a phosphate mineral (MgNH4PO4.6H2O), widely known as struvite. In contrast, due to its low solubility and its P content, struvite is an excellent fertilizer. The primary source of P is the phosphate rock, a non-renewable resource, of which about 80% is used as raw material for fertilizers. In line with increasing global population, demand for fertilizers increases rapidly, resulting in the dwindling availability of P world-wide. Thus serious attention is paid for P recovery and reuse. This paper focuses on P recovery from wastewater through crystallization of struvite. Firstly, a brief description of the theory of crystallization is presented. Then, basic research on crystallization of struvite is discussed. Finally, the different processes for P recovery as struvite are described.

Keywords
crystallization, Phosphorus, struvite

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VDTB3Q6ZKfnc

Corresponding Author
Roisu Eny Mudawaroch

Institutions
Muhammadiyah Purworejo University

Abstract
Abstract.This research was conducted to find out the physical quality marketed in Purworejo Sub-district of Central Java. Egg samples are obtained from the three largest traditional markets that sell the village in Purworejo district. The physical qualities measured are the length of the egg, the width of the egg, the Egg Index, the volume of eggs, the weight of the egg, the density, the height of the egg whites, the width of the egg whites, the egg white Index, the Haugh unit, the egg yolk, the high egg yolks, the egg yolks, heavy egg yolks percentage of high egg yolks, thick shell, and weight of the Shell. All physical qualities do not show significant differences between market origins. Chicken eggs for sale in the traditional market in Purworejo subdistrict are still worthy to be consumed according to the provisions of SNI 3926-2008 (Indonesian national standard for egg consumption).

Keywords
Native Chicken eggs, traditional market

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LYPGmfKrjVuN

Corresponding Author
Elsa Lisanti

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia

2 Center Application Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia,
Jl. Raya Lebak Bulus No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia

Abstract
Soybean is very widely used in Indonesia, especially as a raw material for processed foods such as tofu and tempeh. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical content and proximate of variety irradiation soybean seeds Gamasugen 1 and Gamasugen 2. Phytochemical and proximate analysis on the seeds of soybean were carried out with quantitative and qualitative analysis. Proximate analysis analyzed included water content (oven method), ash content (furnace method), fat content (Soxhlet method), and crude fiber content (acid alkali digestion method). The results of phytochemical testing shows that both soybeans (Gamasugen 1 and Gamasugen 2) contain flavonoid as quercetin, alkaloid, saponins, phenolic, triterpenoid and glycoside. The proximate analysis results showed that Gamasugen 1 soybeans had a moisture content of 8.22%, lower than Gamasugen 2 which was 11.67%. Gamasugen 1 soybean content is 4.61%, lower than Gamasugen 2 which is 4.86%. Gamasugen 1 soybeans have a fat content of 14.50%, lower than Gamasugen 2 which is 15.51%. Gamasugen 1 soybeans have fiber content of 14.56%, higher than Gamasugen 2 soybeans which is 9.96%. The conclusion shows the highest proximate analysis of soybean is found in fat content (Gamasugen 2) which is 15.51% and the lowest level is found in ash content (Gamasugen 1) which is 4.61%.

Keywords
Gamasugen, irradiation, phytochemical, proxymate, soybeans

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NcLnhvjEfZ37

Corresponding Author
Anggita Hafsari

Institutions
Departement Biologi, Faculty of Science dan Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Jl. A.H. Nasution No.105 Bandung. Cipadung, Cibiru, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40614, Indonesia

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the the best media form different seeds media for the growth of pink oyster mushroom mycelium (Pleurotus flabellatus) and the secondary metabolite composition as anti-tumor drugs. The method used was the experimental research method, one factorial Completely Randomized Design with four treatments on different seeds sources in solid and liquid media. To determine the best media we compare the weight of biomass and the secondary metabolites composition. The results showed that the growth of corn media diameter had the fastest growth rate of 86% and 82% control, 61% significantly different in soybeans and 63% in green beans. Biomass results show that the most effective media to obtain biomass is that the green beans have a weight of 26 mg and corn 25.6 mg, while potatoes are 14.7 mg and soybeans 5.9 mg. All carbohydrates media can be used as a medium for the growth of pink oyster mushroom mycelium. The secondary metabolites detected were alkaloids and saponins, while steroids and tannins were not detected in all samples, so pink oyster mushrooms have the potential to have antitumor content.

Keywords
Pink Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus flabellatus, Metabolites Secondary, Antitumor

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qkfHReawNXbG

Corresponding Author
Hernawati Hernawati

Institutions
Departement of Biology Education
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Bandung

Abstract
Amphibians can be used as environmental bioindicators or health measures of an environment because they are sensitive to changes in environmental factors. Some of the main habitat of amphibians are primary and secondary forests, swamps, rivers, lakes and ponds. One of the endangered amphibians were Rhacophorus reinwardtii. The secondary forest in Ranca Upas Ciwidey was one of the habitat where Rhacophorus reinwardtii can be found. There are many significant changes to this region due to the expansion of the campground and tourist areas, thus affecting the population of Rhacophorus reinwardtii. This study aims to describe the habitat characteristics and population estimation of Rhacophorus reinwardtii in the secondary forest Ranca Upas. Habitat characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Habitat and population data are collected in two locations near rivers and stagnant water. The research area has measured 522m2 and width of 528m2. Capture-Mark-Release-Recapture Method was used in each region to collect population data. Population abundance were calculated using the Schnabel formula, population distribution were estimated using the Morista index. The caught frogs were marked using a modified shoelace. Habitat Rhacophorus reinwardtii was of river and stagnant water with an altitude of 1630-1680m asl, pH of water neutral and acidic, average velocity of the river was 0m/s and 0.04m/s, the water substrates were sand and mud, with average temperature air 16.7ºC and 17ºC, average water temperature of 14.7ºC, average humidity of air 94%. The type of plant that is often the habitat of Rhacophorus reinwardtii was Brugmansia sp. and Cyathea sp. The population estimation of the two observation areas were 45 individuals and 30 individuals with a density of 9 individuals/100m2 and 6 individuals/100m2. It can be concluded that the population distribution of Rhacophorus reinwardtii in both habitats clustered.

Keywords
Keywords: Rhacophorus reinwardtii, habitat, abundance, density, distribution.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/v3exZcFGdHma

Corresponding Author
Ana Widiana

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Science and Technology. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. *anawidiana[at]uinsgd.ac.id
Jl. AH. Nasution No. 105 Bandung West Java Indonesia

(b) Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Programme. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Jl. AH. Nasution No. 105 Bandung West Java Indonesia

Abstract
Utilization of cajuput leaf waste as a sheep feed, especially protein content (10.65%) has not met the SNI standard (> 15%).The addition of concentrate with high protein content is expected to increase the protein content in feed and improving the quality of feed (especially ammonia (NH3) production in rumen).The purpose of this research was to know the effect of addition of concentrate in increasing the protein content and also the potential of cajuput leaves waste mixture with field grass as a sheep feedby in vitro test. The experiment used a complete randomized design with three treatments(R1 = 50% field grass + 50% concentrate; R2 = 25% cajuput leaves waste + 25% field grass + 50% concentrate; R3 = 50% cajuput leaves waste + 50% concentrate)with four repetitions. Statisticstest with Anova followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of concentarte to mixtured of waste cajuput leaves and field grass can increased the protein content in feed and affectedtothe production of NH3, VFA, and the digestibility of feed.From various aspects,treatment of R2 most likely to be used for sheep feed.

Keywords
feed, in vitro, Melaleuca cajuputi, Waste

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BX3bZhVDkapW

Corresponding Author
Ery Fatarina Purwaningtyas

Institutions
1*)Lecture staff in Chemical Engineering Department, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
2) Students of the Chemical Engineering Department, University of 17 Agustus 1945, Semarang

Abstract
Surfactants are widely used in pharmaceuticals, perfumes, cosmetics, food and beverages. One type of surfactant produced from the synthesis of palm oil is mono-diglyceride which can function as an emulsifier. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) is a beach tree with a wide spread area, whose seeds have not been utilized optimally. The content of Ketapang seed oil has the potential to be converted into mono-diglyceride surfactant. This study uses experimental laboratory methods, while parameter optimization is done by the two level factorial design method. The raw materials used were Ketapang seeds from around the campus of Semarang 17 Agustus 1945 University, n-butanol solvents, glycerol, MgO catalysts. During the glycerolysis process, 8 run experiments were carried out with 3 variables which changed in temperature (60 & 90OC); MgO catalyst (2 & 4%) and solvent / 10 g oil volume 20 and 40 ml, while the variable is the weight of 25 gram ketapang seed oil; stirring speed of 400 rpm; reaction time of 4 hours; ratio of glycerol 2.5 ml / 10 g oil; and 24-hour deposition time. From the results of the study, the influential variable is temperature. The optimum results were obtained at conditions of 90OC, 4% MgO catalyst, solvent volume of 20 ml / 10g ketapang seed oil and yield 18.27 %. The resulting surfactant has the characteristics of acid number 57.2 mg KOH / gr, saponification number 218 mg KOH / gr. Surfactant has HLB value 14.75, meaning that the surfactant functions as an O / W type emulsifier or as detergent agent.

Keywords
ketapang seed oil, glycerolysis, surfactant

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Wed3wa8uKc6G

Corresponding Author
Endang Sulistyarini Gultom

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Medan

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of chirinyuh leaves (Cromolaena odorata) which have the potential to be anti-bacterial. The results of this study are expected to get an additional inventory of medicinal plants and in the long run add to the economic value of marketable herbal medicines. The planned method is to obtain extract by maceration of Harborn (1987) method, then the extract activity test which is highest in antibacterial was carried out. To test the antibacterial activity, a diffusion method is used. Furthermore, the extract which has the highest antibacterial activity was identified to be continued to the next stage. Based on the results obtained, the ethanol extract of the kirinyuh leaf contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins which have antibacterial activity. This was obtained from the ability of the extract to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericihia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa test bacteria with inhibitory zones of 12 mm, 16 mm, and 7 mm respectively. The MIC value of each test bacterium was different depending on the type of bacteria where the growth of Staphilococcus aureus was inhibited at a concentration of 6%, Eschericihia coli 3%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12%.

Keywords
Secondary metabolites, Cromolaena odorata, Antibacterial, Chromatography.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WQ3HDn7UMTjg

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Pramenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms associated with a womans menstrual cycle; symptoms usually occur 6-10 days before menstruation and disappear when menstruation begins. Generally the impact of the STDs is the disruption of daily activities. Especially for young women who attend school, STDs can interfere with the quality of health, concentration, achievement and active learning activities in schools. This research was conducted in October 2017 until December 2017 at SMAN 1 Blahbatuh. This research is descriptive research using cross sectional approach. The sample in this study amounted to 105 students of class X which was obtained by simple random sampling method. Based on sampling result, got sample 105 people, with sampling method using lottery. The result of the research shows that female students experienced PMS 71,8%. The severity of PMS symptoms in moderate to severe levels is 69.5%. Most girls experienced their first menstruation at the age of 12-13 years as much as 65.7%. Based on the results of this study, the researchers suggested to the school to be able to provide health promotion either directly through counseling, or indirectly through health media associated with premenstrual syndrome.

Keywords
Premenstrual syndrome, student, high school

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/X9cpWEFbn4BH

Corresponding Author
Riser Fahdiran

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of
Indonesia, 16424 Depok, West Java, Indonesia
2) Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Manado, Adipura road, Kima Atas, Mapanget, 95259 Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
3) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State
University of Jakarta, Rawamangun Muka road No. 1, 13220 East Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Early pregnancy diagnostic is very important to support the attempt of fauna preservation. Lowland anoa is an endangered endemic species for Sulawesi Island and Buton. This species has natural wild characteristic and aggressive, intensified with silent heat effect which often occurs in this lowland anoa, makes it hard to detect its estrous cycle and pregnancy. The research is aimed to observe and morphology changing in pregnancy, and to find out diagnostic accuracy in pregnancy of lowland anoa using abdominal ultrasonography. Ultrasonography abdominal checking was used with 95% alcohol as transduction medium. Ultrasonography method was performed before mating and at day-21, day-191, and day-218 post natural mating using one dwarf female buffalo of 9 years old. Result showed that lowland anoa act was changing in 2nd after mating until 6th month before giving birth. Their morphological changing had shown in 3rd month, 6th month and 8th. In the 9th month the milk udder has enlarged. Based on the result of ultrasonography on day-21, it is very difficult to find the gestational sac. However, on day-191, the fetus spine, head, heart and lungs are clearly visible.

Keywords
Lowland Anoa; Pregnancy; Behavior; Ultrasonography

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aVAxgfzC8eRD

Corresponding Author
Farid Perdana

Institutions
1. Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Univesitas Garut Jl. Jati No. 42 B Tarogong Garut, Jawa Barat
*farid[at]uniga.ac.id

Abstract
Compounds in plants can inhibit or even kill cancer cells so that they have the potential as anticancer agents. One of the potential plants as an anticancer agent is the annonaceae family. This reserch as a screening method using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test is to find out the cytotoxic activity of soursop leaves, srikaya leaves, and nona leaves. The result of the preliminary test of cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata L), srikaya (Annona squamosa L) and nona (Annona reticulata L)leaves showed cytotoxic activity wilth LC50, respectively 30,90; 38,01; dan 46,77 ppm. Based on the results of the study all extracts have cytotoxic activity. The highest cytotoxic value was shown by soursop leaf ethanol extract with LC50 value of 30,90 ppm.

Keywords
BSLT, Annonaceae Family, Cytotoxic

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YfqgtGUW6KBD

Corresponding Author
ni wayan winianti

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Warmadewa University, Bali, Indonesia
Jl. Terompong No.24 Tanjung bungkak, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 80235
winiantiniwayan84[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Taeniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by eating raw/undercooked beef or pork (Taenia sp.) containing infective cysticercus larvae. Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked beef (T. saginata) or pork (T. solium and T. asiatica). In rural areas of Gianyar including Guwang village, pork or beef"lawar"and roasted pig are consumed as local traditional food since long time ago as part of indegenous Balinese culture. The existence of individual slaughtering of pigs in Guwang village for ceremonies or parties without supervision from the animal health department is thought to increase the risk of taeniasis. Purpose of the study was to known prevalence of taeniasis in Banjar Buluh, Guwang Village and determine risk factors or the relationship between meat consumption and individual characteristics with taeniasis. Observational cross sectional study was used to identify taeniasis and risk factors in people living at Buluh, Guwang village consisted of 110 people. Two subjects from the group were positive for taenia egg both by direct smear methods. Proportion of taeniasis in the case group was 1.8%. The type of meat consumed, methods of meat processing, frequency of consumption, ways of obtaining meat and individual characteristics which may contribute to Taenia infection could not be evaluated due to limited number of positive cases.

Keywords
Taeniasis, Direct Smear Method, Taenia sp.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mqvAtg3f6VBC

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory illness with the involvement of sleep disorders that have a characteristic ofrecurrent collapse of pharynx airway during sleep. OSA has a serious physiological and psychological impact if left untreated. OSA complications can be divided into 2, namely neurocognitive dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This will affect the quality of life of the patients, including low quality of sleep, reduced cognitive function, and decreased productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of high risk of OSA in employees and lecturers at Warmadewa University. This research is using descriptive research method with cross sectional design. The sample in this research is employee and lecturer of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at University of Warmadewa taken at random. The independent variables were snoring, daytime sleepiness, obesity, and high blood pressure. Dependent variable is obstructive sleep apnea. The study used primary data, which the data collected by interviewing and distributing Berlin questionnaire and measuring body mass index of employees and lecturers of Warmadewa University. Data analysis used descriptive analysis with Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) program. There were 12 (15.18%) employees and lecturers at high risk of OSA based on the Berlin questionnaire. It is expected that the puskesmas can optimize its role in carrying out advanced screening to detect OSA in the community.

Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea, prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea, employee and lecturer

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7tyrAF3Mvmeb

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
The desire to create the best possible work, increased demands such as accuracy and speed of work cause employees to stay in front of the computer for long periods of work, so that it may be at risk of asthenopia disturbance. One of the occupations that are at risk for impaired asthenopia are employees who use computers at the Federal International Finance (FIF) Group Bali. This study aims to determine the percentage of asthenopia disorders based on asthenopia symptoms experienced. This research uses descriptive method with cross-sectional approach. The variables included asthenopia disorders, age, gender, VDT settings, screen filters, duration of work, and rest duration, room and angle lighting formed between the top of the monitor and the midpoint of the screen. The sample of this research is all employees who use computer in FIF Group Bali. Data collection in this study using Computer Vision Quistionnaire using Likert scale that has been validated. Data were analyzed descriptively with univariate computer aid. The result of the research showed that the most common complaint was headache as many as 38 respondents (79.16%). The incidence of asthenopia in the age group of 21-40 years was a headache of 28 respondents (58.4%), and at the age of 41-60 years was a headache of 10 respondents (20.9%). Based on sex, the prevalence of asthenopia in males is headache as much as 21 respondents (43.8%), in women is close blurry vision as much as 17 respondents (35.5%). The highest prevalence of asthenopia in room lighting settings <200 lux was headache as much as 19 respondents (39.6%), while in room lighting 200 lux-500 lux was blurred vision with as many as 10 respondents (23%).

Keywords
asthenopia, VDT operator, computer vision questionnaire, FIF Group Bali

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wZ8z76t9f2cL

Corresponding Author
cecep hidayat

Institutions
Agrotechnology Dept, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Abstract
Acid soil can be used for land extensification, but need input technology in order these soil to give maximum support for crop growth. The aim of the reserach was to know the effect of Phosphate Solubizing Bacteria and Natural Phosphat Fertilizer on the production of Stringbean ( Phaseolus vulgaris.L ) The aim of the research was AMF and organic matter on the growth and yield of Capsicum annum L. A field trial at Unpad research station 768 m abl had been carried out using randomized block design two factors with factorial pattern and three replications. The first factor is Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, while the second factor is the type of natural phosphate fertilizer (Guano 120g polybag-1, rock phosphate 120g polybag-1 and crab flour 120g polybag-1). The results showed there was no interaction effect of Phosphate Solubizing Bacteria and Natural Phosphat Fertilizer on harvest index. The type of natural phosphate fertilizer has an independent effect on leaf area and pod dry weight.

Keywords
Phosphate Solubizing Bacteria, Natural Phosphat Fertilizer, Acid Soil, Production

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jrNDkeVXmbB6

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Junda

Institutions
Dept of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar State University

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the production of white leg shrimp, L vannamei by application of biofloc technology on intensive shrimp grow out ponds. This study was carried out on five of shrimp grow out ponds with different pond size and zero water exchange management strategy. These shrimps were reared with intensive systems such as shrimp seed post larvae (PL) 10, commercial feed, aeration with paddle wheels, mineral, vitamin and molasses as well as floc-forming microbes and natural herb fermentation. Shrimp grow out ponds with condition as follows : water depth, 90 – 120 cm, feeding rate four times a day, aeration 24 hours in cultured period. Water quality indicators were measured ever day such as : survival rate, average daily gain, mean body weight, and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study showed that shrimp yield were 1,250 – 6,300 kg, growth rate such as : ADG, 0,32 – 0,40; survival rate 85 – 95 %; MBW 20, 23 – 27.30 and FCR = 1.10 – 1.20. Water quality parameters : pH = 7,2 – 9.5; salinity : 15 – 25 ppt ; temperature : 28 – 31 0 C; water depth : 90 – 120; tranparancy : 25 – 40; dissolved oxygen : 3.0 – 5.2; . In conclution, Application of biofloc technology with zero water exchange increased shrimp production significantly and water quality parameters were in range suitable for shrimp cultured growth.

Keywords
application biofloc technology, intensive production, Litopenaeus vannamei, zero water exchange.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F3482b6j9qcU

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Abortion is the end of pregnancy before the age of 20 weeks. Abortion is commonly happened in pregnancy. Abortion can be harmful to the mother and can cause death. Maternal death rate in Indonesia is currently still quite high, reaching 359 per 100,000 live births. The risk factors of abortion are the amount of the workload and maternal age at pregnancy and parity. In this study, the factors that become the determinants in the occurrence of abortion are found. The research was conducted in West Lombok regency, West Nusa Tenggara with cross sectional method and sampling technique using systematic random sampling, there were 64 samples. The data collection is done by distributing questionnaires which are then analyzed by using computer application. The result of this research shows that the majority of abortion patients are at the age of 20-30 years with 17 respondents (68.00%), in education category, it shows that the majority of abortion patients in primary, junior high, and senior high school are 26 respondents (57.78%). The occupation category also shows more abortion patients in the heavy workload with 22 respondents (56.40%) and in parity category, the majority of patients which experienced abortion in two times parity are 18 respondents (54.55%). It is hoped that health workers will prioritize protective measures and adequate service approach, besides it is expected that the health service center develops a supportive health promotion program

Keywords
Abortion, Determinants, West Lombok regency

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FzBy7fRG9rJx

Corresponding Author
Ni Made Darmadi

Institutions
a) Water Resources Management Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali
*Email: nimadedarmadi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The group size of seeds below the size of 7 cm which is 20% is not feasible for enlargement, because it tends to harm farmers who are engaged in hatcheries and cultivators, so this type of seed is not utilized optimally. To be able to increase the economic value of seeds less than 7 cm in size, researchers are innovating to make crispy baby fish. In making Crispy Baby fish requires additional ingredients in the form of flour. This study aims to determine the different types of flour that produce the best quality crispy baby fish. The study was conducted in March to April at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University and the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University. The method used is an experiment with experimental design using a completely randomized design. The results showed the best results in treatment D were the use of three flour mixes namely sago flour, rice and cornstarch, with 30.97% fat content, 49.08% protein content, 17.02% moisture content and ash content 9.80%. Whereas from the observation of the subjective color 9.43%, the smell of 9.40%, the texture of 9.13%, the sense of 9.29% with the criteria is very very favored by the panelists.

Keywords
crispy baby fish, tilapia, quality

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EvPHXLGxWnD6

Corresponding Author
Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia

Abstract
One of the compounds contained in neem is flavonoid glycosides, which have anti-fertility effects by reducing hyaluronidase activity, so can prevent penetration of spermatozoa in mice. The mechanism of inhibition of spermatozoa penetration by flavonoids caused by decrease in hyaluronidase activity possible of the influence of gene expression disturbances, so enzyme synthesis decreases. However, the mineral contained in the seeds and leaves of neem can induce oxidative stress in animals, characterized by the increase of Lipid Peroxidation Potential (LPP) in tissues. LPP can be determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) molecules taking the standard thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Male mice were divided into nine groups: control (C0), Group t1 - t4 were treated by administering water seeds and leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw for 36 days through intraperitoneal injection, without reversibility testing, group T5-T8 were treated by administering water seeds and leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw for 36 days followed by reversibility testing for 36 days, with four replications. The results showed the administration of water seed and leaves extract of neem could reduce the MDA levels of mice testis. Conclusion is quality of testicular mice is influenced by oxidative stress conditions in male mice.

Keywords
Water, seeds, leaves, MDA, mice, neem, testis

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tA8rV4gkc7GP

Corresponding Author
Rizhal Hendi Ristanto

Institutions
a) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
*rizhalhendi[at]unj.ac.id
b) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia
c) Department of Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia

Abstract
Reading literacy is concerned not only with the ability to understand the meaning of a passage, but also with the behaviors and attitudes that support reading. Biology learning process can not be separated by reading activities. This study aims to determine the effect of Cooperative integrated reading and Composition (CIRC) to reading literacyof students in the context of biology. The research method used is quasy experiment using pretest-postest non equivalent control group design. Independent variable is a learning model, which consists of 2 types of learning model CIRC and conventional learning. The study was conducted in Grade VIII MTS Al-Hidayah Citaringgul, Bogor involving a sample of 66 students. The dependent variable in this study is literacy reading in the context of biology, that is on the material of plant structure and its utilization in technology. The reading literacy instrument was developed by adapting from PISA. The results showed that CIRC had an effect on the literacy of reading students in biological context as evidenced by the result of sig. 0.002 <0.005. CIRC proved to be superior compared to conventional learning in plant structure learning and its utilization on technology with a 2% increase in the increase. CIRC learning can be applied to Biology learning in empowering students reading literacy

Keywords
Biology; Cooperative learning; CIRC; Reading Literacy

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6JprGW78znFC

Corresponding Author
Maratus Sholikha

Institutions
1Department of Biology Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Jl. AH. Nasution 105, Bandung 40614,West Java, Indonesia. 2,3 Department of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sinduadi, Mlati, Kabupaten Sleman 55281, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Background Forest fires in the slope of Mount Merapi has occurred in 1994, 2002 and 2010. Forest fire has direct effect on soil collembolan. Aim of the Study. This study to investigated of distribution and abundance of soil arthropod after forest fire in Mt. Merapi National Park. The study area was conducted in 1 year-old forest : severe burnt forest (Kis), medium burnt forest (Gam), light burnt forest (Gal); 9 years-old forest (Tub) and (Tub i) that invated of Eupatorium odoratum; 17 years-old forest (KuHt) and unburnt forest. Method Soil samples were collected by Stratified Random Sampling method. The study was conducted in dry and wet season. Result. The highest number of genus in wet season was found in 9 years-old forest (Tub) and in the dry season was found medium burnt forest (Gam). It was 11 and 7 genera respectively. The number of family increase in the wet season in 9, 17 years-old forest and unburned forests, it was namely 5, 4 and 5 families respectively. The dominant family was Onychiuridae, followed by Entomobryidae and Isotomidae. Vegetation growth and stability of habitat conditions were factors that determined the development of soil collembola community. Soil moisture and immigration during the wet season affected on the presence of family, genus and individual of the soil collembola community.

Keywords
forest fire, soil collembolan, Onychiuridae, Entomobryidae, Isotomidae.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qpD8L7mQyGNB

Corresponding Author
Mirsa Umiyati

Institutions
Universitas Warmadewa

Abstract
Abstract [The Correlation between Breakfast with Level of Concentration in Elementary School-s Pupils in Denpasar City 2017] Breakfast is a meal in the morning, shortly after waking up to 10 (ten) AM. This activity has a purpose to fulfill the body nutrition in the morning before starting the activity. Breakfast is considered important for a pupils which sometimes has a very solid activity in school. In addition, in the academic process pupils need to be in a healthy body condition and have good attention and concentration to catch all the lessons in school. The aim of this research was to find out the correlation between breakfast with the level of concentration in elementary school-s pupils in Denpasar City 2017. The research design was descriptive analytical through cross-sectional approach which was analyzed using Chi-Square statistical test by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows 16.0 (SPSS) program. The research data was primary data gathered with questionnaire form. The amount of the subjects were 96 persons which was selected using multistage cluster random sampling method to an elementary school-s pupils in Denpasar City. The percentage of non-breakfast subject was 35 persons (36,5%) and the breakfast subject was 61 persons (63,5%). The percentages of Concentrations level of breakfast pupils were divided in three categories which were Low (11,48%), Medium (65,57%) and High (22,95%). The result was showed that there was a significant relationship (p<0,05) between breakfast with the level of concentration. The conclusions could be drawn that there was a positive mild relationship between the two variables. It was recommended that this research can contribute as a source of information and evaluation for the development of science in the future.

Keywords
Concentration, Breakfast, Pupils, Elementary School, Denpasar

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZWfNKykqLvDY