Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Bela Berli Yeni

Institutions
a)Program of Pascasarjana Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jl Profesor Doktor Sudjono,
Depok 16424, Indonesia
*bela.lim440[at]gmail.com
b)Department of Biologi, Universitas Indonesia,
Jl Profesor Doktor Sudjono, Depok 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
Java long pepper is a plant has an aphrodisiac effect. Its extract contains cytosterol and piperine which capable of affecting the reproductive hormones in male Siamese catfish. The purpose of study to evaluate the effect of java long pepper extract on spermatozoa motility of mustika common carp. Java long pepper extract was injected intramuscularly in the first of week with doses of 0.9 ml kg, 1.8 ml kg and 3.6 ml of body weight, respectively. Ovaprim in a dose of 0.3 ml body weight was administered as a positive control, whereas 0.1 ml of sodium solution was applied as a negative one. The result was observed in the second of week. Based on the ANOVA test showed that java long pepper extract has a significant effect on spermatozoa motility of mustika common carp (P<0.05). Further, according to the Tukey test that the highest spermatozoa motility rate was yield from a dose of 1.8 ml of java long pepper extract kg by body weight 69.5%.

Keywords
Java long pepper extract; Spermatozoa motility; Mustika common carp

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xnTbvcgu6AjG

Corresponding Author
Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia

Abstract
Testing the validity and reliability of objective questions on PPEP (Perencanaan, Pengelolaan, dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran/Learning Planning, Management, and Evaluation) courses which is carried out at the Biology Education Program FMIPA UNJ demands thorough attention, considering the lecture material in this course is important to provide adequate knowledge for the students as prospective education graduate. Problem Based Learning Model is a cooperative learning model that focuses on student group work in the form of small groups, which consists of four to six people. Students in groups will work together in a positive way and become responsible independently. Data collection using pretest and post-test completed with documentation. The results of this study shows that there is an influence of the problem-based learning model on students skills in testing the validity and reliability of objective questions on PPEP courses.

Keywords
validity, reliability, objective question, problem-based learning model

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PqmCwW4LH7Gv

Corresponding Author
Noverita Dian Takarina

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok

Abstract
The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is known as one of prominent factors affecting the concentration of metals in the marine environment. Hence, this research is aiming to study the effect of SST on Zn content distribution in the seawater of Blanakan coast. The Zn was measured from sampled seawater collected from 7 stations. Those stations were representing inshore and offshore of Blanakan coast. The sampled water then analyzed by AAS to obtain the Zn contents. The result confirms a positive effect of SST on Zn contents (r2 = 0.18). An increase of SST from 25 to 31 0C was followed by increase of Zn in seawater from 0.31 to 0.50 mg/l of water. Respectively, all Zn values in Blanakan coast have exceeded the permissible limit of EPA (0.09 mg/l for seawater). The effect of SST on the Zn contents is observed in the offshore rather than inshore water of Blanakan coast. This research also presents a 12 month Zn prediction. Following the SST fluctuation, it is predicted that Zn in seawater will be higher in February-May and lower in July-September.

Keywords
Coast; Metal; Offshore; Sea Surface Temperature; Inshore

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uebQJRExGmcY

Corresponding Author
I Gusti Agus Maha Putra Sanjaya

Institutions
a) Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Warmadewa University, Bali-Indonesia
b) Agrotechnology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Warmadewa University, Bali-Indonesia
* Email: iriantoketut[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze and test several types of activated sludge to find out the safe and environmentally friendly fertilizer raw material standards, analyze the characteristics and number of activated sludge components that are potentially safe to use and find out fertilizer raw material standards and also test the response of plants witch use the several types of activated sludge in supporting the growth and plant yields that are safe for consumption. The method used is the potensial study using a comparative method. The amount of raw materials and types of fertilizer raw materials using survey methods and mathematical calculations. Result indicated that the process of wastewater treatment technology that uses waste technology is classified as good and were use standards operational with utilization concept. Wastewater in terms of quality and characteristics is considered safe and has a large potential to be used as raw material for fertilizer. Fertilizers sourced from the results of wastewater treatment respond to the fresh weight of leaves of Brassica juncea is higher if compared to Bio Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer at the same dosage.

Keywords
Active sludge, concentration, plant response

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3mJM4bBxAtNP

Corresponding Author
Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari

Institutions
a,b,c,d) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic disease and also a major worldwide public health problem. A wide variety of lifestyle factors play an important role in the development of T2DM, such as sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and stress. Psychological stress is being explored as a risk factor for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, arthritis and diabetes. Pathophysiological mechanisms that link stress with diabetes involve direct neuroendocrine effects, in which stress-associated hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline have regulatory effect on insulin release. Cortisol can cause glucose formation in peripheral tissues as well as in the liver. This condition causes increased blood glucose level in T2DM. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of stress management by SOUL Prevention and Healing meditation to normalize blood glucose level in DMT2 patients. This study used a quasi experimental design; the study sample comprised 16 volunteers who made all the inclusion criteria. This study was conducted in Bali Royal Hospital (BROS) for 2 months. Fasting blood samples were collected three times (pre-treatment, 1 months post treatment, 2 months post treatment). Brain waves of each volunteer were recorded by using EEG before and after treatment. The study results showed that the average reduction of blood sugar level was 48.62 mg/dl (p value, p <0.05 (p = 0.001)). The EEG brain waves recording showed that all volunteers had achieved delta frequency. It is concluded that the brain wave delta frequency and normalized blood glucose level indicate a significant result of SOUL Prevention and Healing meditation.

Keywords
Meditation, T2DM, Blood glucose level

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BnxaWVQuwdUv

Corresponding Author
Rusmono Rus

Institutions
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

Abstract
Technological advances have a big influence in the world of education. This study aims to determine the effect of mobile learning-based teaching materials on student learning outcomes in natural material. The experimental research method with a sample of 40 people in second grade elementary school students. The results obtained indicate an increase in student learning outcomes in the surrounding natural material after using teaching materials based on mobile learning. The conclusion of the study, there is a positive influence on the use of mobile learning-based teaching materials on the learning outcomes of the environment.

Keywords
teaching materials, mobile learning, alam sekitar.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kB8T4pfqRdDV

Corresponding Author
Pani Aswin

Institutions
1Program Pascasarjana Pendidikan IPA, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. WR Supratman, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia

Abstract
The aims of this study is to prove that the solid particles of Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc against Ureum Mus musculus levels are infected with malaria. The design of this research is by post group only control group design. The sample used was male Mus musculus which was divided into 5 groups. The treatments given are non-effective kontorl + aquades (P0), infection + aquades (P1), Nano 0.026 gr / kb bb (P2), Nano 0.056 gr / kb bb (P3), and Nano 0.084 gr / kb bb (P4) ). The results of each treatment were sequentially 0.52 (P0); 0.46 (P1); 0.42 (P2); 0.50 (P3); 0.46 (P4). The results of the analysis show that doses of P2 and P4 can reduce the level of ureum of mice that have malaria. The result of this researh is nano Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc Solid Lipid Particles at doses P2 and P3 more effetive for influence the levels of mice ureum.

Keywords
Nano Solid Lipid, Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc Gradually, Malaria

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/m8YtrcHzXWUu

Corresponding Author
Riser Fahdiran

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
2Research Center for Climate Change, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka No. 1, 13220 East Jakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract
Black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopterus) is an endemic species from Indonesia. Nowadays, the bird can be found only in Java and Bali islands, and it is important to make sure that the breeding centre is effectively breeding the bird to help the decreasing population wilderness. There is no difference between male and female based on the morphological characteristic. It can be a problem for the breeders to identify the sex when they have to pair the bird. The aim of this research is to identify the differences between male and female black-winged myna based on morphometric characteristic. There are weight, length, width, circumference, and the spread of the wings. The data is processed using principal component analysis (PCA) on the SPSS 20 program. The samples are 71 black-winged myna with minimum two years of age from breeding facilities in Java and Bali islands. Based on the research, morphometric characteristic that distinguishes male and female bird mostly is their wingspan and their weight. Morphometric characteristics of the female myna are smaller than the male. This result is essential for breeders to minimize the risk of pairing the same sex bird.

Keywords
Endemic species; morphometric; black-winged myna

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aUXc9QKAHybt

Corresponding Author
Diana Vivanti Sigit

Institutions
Biology Education Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: dianav[at]unj.ac.id

Abstract
Environmental Literacy was the ability to interpret and take appropriate action on environmental systems that purpose to maintain, restore and improve the environment. This study aimed to determine the environmental literacy level of biology undergraduate students. The method was used a descriptive method. The three aspects of environmental literacy were cognitive, affective, and action. Data were obtained from 197 undergraduate students on biology science and biology education departments taken from 5 universities in DKI Jakarta. The result showed that the level of environmental literacy was in a very good category in which the cognitive aspects were the highest. Biology undergraduate students were good in the environment understanding but were still poor in the affective and action aspects. Based on the departments, the environmental literacy of students from biology science was higher than students from biology education. Based on gender, the female was higher in environmental literacy than male. In conclusion, the Biology undergraduate students environmental literacy varies from some aspects. This research recommended that institution has an important role to enhance the student environmental literacy, therefore, a student might increase the affective and the action of environmental literacy.

Keywords
Biology undergraduate student, education, environmental literacy, environmental quality

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eV6cHkFXUjan

Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayu

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn is one of the medicinal plants that grows in the highland forests of Bali. This plant is believed by the community as a powerful aphrodisiac. The study was begun with the collection of Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Leaf samples which will be extracted by maceration method. Three types of solvents were used in maceration namely aquades, 70% ethanol, and chloroform. Phytochemical screening includes testing of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of crude extract of Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) leaves as aphrodisiac on the mounting behavior of male mice. The test parameters in this study are phytochemical screening and mounting behavior which consists of introducing, climbing, and coitus. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment groups and eight replications for eight days. The data obtained was analyzed through t test. Phytochemical screening results showed that 70% ethanol has the best ability to bind secondary metabolites in leaf samples, so that the extract with this solvent was tested in vivo on male mice. Based on observations on mounting behavior, it was shown that the crude extract of Euchresta horsfieldii leaves had no effect on the increase in frequency of mounting behavior of male mice in both the acute and chronic phases

Keywords
Euchresta horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn, aphrodisiac, mounting behavior, male mice

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/f6ubqWQaMjrH

Corresponding Author
Elsa Lisanti

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia

2 Center Application Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49 Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia

Abstract
Introduction : The present study was carried out to evaluate of antihyperglycemia properties of ethanolic leaves and seed extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on glucose level and body weight on mice induced alloxan. Methods : This experimental research uses DDY mice from BPOM Jakarta. The extract was tested on diabetic DDY mice induced by alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg bw intraperitoneal. There were 9 groups of treatment and 3 replications. Doses used for treating these mice were A. Normal mice + Aquadest (control), B. Diabetic mice + Aquadest, C. Diabetic mice + Glibenclamide, D. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 0,25 g/kg bw, E. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 0,50 g/kg bw, F. Diabetic mice + leaves extract of neem with doses 1,00 g/kg bw, G. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 0,25 g/kg bw, H. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 0,50 g/kg bw, I. Diabetic mice + seeds extract of neem with doses 1,00 g/kg bw. All of treatments were given orally for 21 days. Glucose levels were calculated from the 1st week to 11th week and body weights were calculated from the 1st week to 7th week. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD tests to compare groups A-I. Result : the research showed that the ethanol extract of leaves at a dose of 1,00 g/kg bw decreased glucose level of alloxan mice. There were highly significant differences (P<0,05) between group control and treatment. Based on the data analysis of body weight, there was no significant difference between group control and treatment. Conclusion : Ethanol extract of leaves and seeds extract of neem can be used to treat antihyperglycemia on mice induced alloxan.

Keywords
antihyperglycemia, leaves and seeds, neem, ethanolic, mice

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9mPNRVFqXphH

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Ultraviolet rays (UV) have various radiation waves, namely: UVA, UVB, UVC, infrared, and visible light with their respective effects on the skin. UVA radiation can penetrate the window glass and can react to chemicals of topical drugs and oral drugs which can cause a reaction called photoallergy and phototoxic reactions. Continuous radiation from UVA and UVB can cause degeneration of connective tissues in the skin such as sun-aging (photoaging), skin cancer (photocarcinogenesis), and immunosuppression on transplantation. Based on data from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Center, Buleleng Regency is one of the districts in Bali which has a high level of sun exposure intensity as compared with other districts. The purpose of this study were to determine the factors that influence the use of sunscreen by students of Ganesha University of Education. This study uses analytical observational method with cross sectional design, using interview based on prepared and standardized questionnaire. The technique used for sample selection was systematic random sampling in 5th semester students from 7 faculties with a total of 96 samples. The data were analyzed using chi square test including to assess the p value. The results showed a significant association between knowledge level and sunscreen usage (p = 0,003), and lifestyle (p = 0,033). It is expected that people would be able to increase their usage of sunscreen in their own arUltraviolet rays (UV) have various radiation waves, namely: UVA, UVB, UVC, infrared, and visible light with their respective effects on the skin. UVA radiation can penetrate the window glass and can react to chemicals of topical drugs and oral drugs which can cause a reaction called photoallergy and phototoxic reactions. Continuous radiation from UVA and UVB can cause degeneration of connective tissues in the skin such as sun-aging (photoaging), skin cancer (photocarcinogenesis), and immunosuppression on transplantation. Based on data from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Center, Buleleng Regency is one of the districts in Bali which has a high level of sun exposure intensity as compared with other districts. The purpose of this study were to determine the factors that influence the use of sunscreen by students of Ganesha University of Education. This study uses analytical observational method with cross sectional design, using interview based on prepared and standardized questionnaire. The technique used for sample selection was systematic random sampling in 5th semester students from 7 faculties with a total of 96 samples. The data were analyzed using chi square test including to assess the p value. The results showed a significant association between knowledge level and sunscreen usage (p = 0,003), and lifestyle (p = 0,033). It is expected that people would be able to increase their usage of sunscreen in their own areas through education regarding the function and danger of sunlight as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Keywords
sunscreen, skin cancer, premature aging, ultraviolet rays

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rfGvJP7xenXM

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Short body height will be a problem if the prevalence of abbreviation is high, which is 30-39% and very high such as ≥40%. In Indonesia the prevalence of short women >18 years in 2013 amounted to 41.6%. Short women tend to have risky pregnancies and give birth to short children as well. Short children have a greater risk of developing degenerative diseases and tend to have lower cognitive abilities that will impact on labor productivity and the economic condition in their adulthood. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between age of menarche, birth weight and height of parent with the height of student at Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Warmadewa University. The method used was analitic cross sectional, about 66 samples were chosen using systematic random sampling technique and the data will be analyzed by correlation test of contingent coefficient with p <0,05. The results of this study were found to have a significant correlation with height of female students FKIK Unwar is birth weight (p = 0,016, C = 285) and height of parent (father-s height: p = 0,031, C = 0,256; mother-s height: p = 0,045, C = 240). While the age of menarche is not have a significant correlation with height of female students FKIK Unwar (p = 0,084, C = 208). Based on this study, the height of the parent body and the birth weight has a weak positive correlation with height of female students FKIK Unwar, while the age of menarche does not have a significant correlation with height of female students FKIK Unwar

Keywords
height, age of menarche, birth weight and height of parent

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ERPj8CckAvuw

Corresponding Author
agus santosa

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Jumantik are special officials who perform larva monitoring to reduce the occurrence of DHF. In fact, the high number of DHF cases in Puskesmas II South Denpasar represents a problem regarding the performance of Jumantik. The purpose of this studies were to find out the factors that influent the performance of Jumantik in relation with the occurrence of DHF in the work area of Puskesmas II South Denpasar. This study used descriptive analytic design through cross sectional approach with the total samples of 32 Jumantik in the work area of Puskesmas II South Denpasar. Data were collected by using questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic regression test. Based on bivariate analysis, there were no significant correlations between characteristic (age, gender, education, tenure, and additional work) and Jumantiks attitudes with the occurrence of DHF indicated by p> 0,05. However, there were significant correlations between Jumantiks ability (p = 0,02), Jumantiks motivation (p = 0,014), award given (p = 0,008) and monitoring evaluation (p = 0,001) with dengue occurrence (p <0, 05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the variables which influenced the occurrence of DF were ability (p = 0,014) and monitoring and evaluation (p = 0,011) and the most influential were the monitoring and evaluation variables with the value of OR 20,40 which means that if there were no monitoring and evaluation to Jumantik then the risk of DHF occurrence were 20.4 times greater than that in the presence of monitoring and evaluation. The results of this studies showed that the most influential factors of DHF occurrence are the ability of Jumantik and monitoring the evaluation of Jumantik. To reduce the case of dengue, need to be optimized ability jumantik and monitoring evaluation consistently and continuously.

Keywords
Jumantik performance; dengue infection; prevention

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DqZtE4nBUxPy

Corresponding Author
Asri Lestarini

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University
Jalan Terompong no 24, Denpasar, Bali 80235
*asrilestarini[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The main predisposing factor of infant mortality is Low Birth Weight (LBW). LBW can have long-term effects on child developments, therefore the high incidence of low birth weight can affect the quality of human resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the predisposing factors of the occurrence of LBW in Payangan sub-district, Bali. This research was analytical research with a case-control design to assess predisposing factors of the occurrence of LBW by assessing medical records of pregnant women. The sample of this study was 92 mothers with a history of childbirth. Chi-square method was done to test the significance of each variable on the independent variable. Results obtained from five predisposing factors, those which had correlations to the incidence of LBW in Payangan Health Center were twin births, nutritional status, and anemia with a P value of <0.05. The conclusion made from the results of this study was the variables that have significant effect were variables of twin births, nutritional status, and anemia, while parity did not have a significant effect. A Suggestion made that it can provide benefits to health workers at health centers and pregnant women about LBW risk factors.

Keywords
low birth weight, nutrition

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9CW6DudxXRL2

Corresponding Author
Sunu Kuntjoro

Institutions
UNESA

Abstract
Swiftlet bird is a type of bird that produces a product in the form of a nest made from saliva. The reduced level of endurance of swiftlet birds was due to suboptimal feeding. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric differences in swiftlets with different feed conditions of the ant species (Oecophyla smaragdina) to the weight gain, length and length of the tail and wings of the swiftlet bird (Aerodramus fuchipaghus) and to find the most optimal feed conditions of the ant species (Oecophyla smaragdina) for the growth of swiftlet birds (Aerodramus fuchipaghus). This type of research was experimental in the Swiftlet bird Sidayu home, Gresik, East Java. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. The results obtained morphometric differences in the administration of different types of ant. Furthermore, the optimal growth of swiftlet was in ant species in the form of white ants with an average growth of 11.18 gr (weight), 6.32 cm (wing length), 2.88 cm (tail length) and 7.14 cm ( body length).

Keywords
swiftlet bird (Aerodramus fuchipaghus), ant (Oecophyla smaragdina)

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/em8FtpA6BHPv

Corresponding Author
Riser Fahdiran

Institutions
(1) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Western Java, Indonesia, 16424
(2) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13220

Abstract
Research of fish community structure in Panjang Island, Banten Bay has been conducted from October to December 2014 while spring tide. The aim of the research was knowing the fish biodiversity and fish community structure. The fishing method was used push net manually active. The location were at Station 1 (West) with sandy-mud and gravelled substrate and Station 2 (North) with mud-reef substrate. In total, 1770 species were captured (14 families, 16 genera, and 21 species), the most large number were at Station 1 and in November (1.213 and 749 individus). Both stations had a low species diversity index (H-) value (0,705 and 0,807). It supported by a low eveness index or distribution of individuals among species (E) value. Its high dominance index (D) value was due to the predominance of Ambassis gymnocephalus-Chandidae (908), Ambassis buruensis-Chandidae (297), Oryzias javanicus-Adrianichthyidae (265), Chelon sp.-Mugilidae (123), and Gerres sp.-Gerreidae (22) in large numbers.

Keywords
Chandidae; Mangrove; Panjang Island; Push Net; Fish Community

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/R7BkqNYTxLuw

Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayu

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
. Flavonoids can be found in every organ of plants and has a role as natural antioxidant. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of maceration and drying time to the level and the type of flavonoids from some leaves of plants located in Taman Wisata Alam Pangandaran. This research used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 2 factorial design. The first factor was soaking time of the plant extract in ethanol 96% for 24 hours and 48 hours, the second was drying time for 14 and 21 days. Sample used were Bungur (Largerstoremia speciosa L.), Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), dan Vitex (Vitex pubescens Vahl.) leaves. Qualitative parameter was determined from the change of color of the solution used the reagent, as well quantitatively by spectrophotometer of 415nm. Flavonoid type was then analyzed using spectrophotometer at 250-560nm. Quantitative analysist of 2 ways ANOVA showed that all groups were shown significance influence of maceration and drying with optimum flavonoid level varying from one to another. Flavonid type was also ranging from antocyanidin and antocyanin.

Keywords
Drying, Maceration, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Plant

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gDXjM4rKPp2Z

Corresponding Author
Andi Mu-nisa

Institutions
a) Departement od Biology, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar,
b) Faculty of pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar,

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to characterize the bioactive compounds present in extract of Thelenota ananas using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (55.47), [1,1&

Keywords
GC-MS, Thelenota ananas, sea cucumber, Selayar Island

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LcF76dWRbhVJ

Corresponding Author
Sang Ayu Made Putri Suryani

Institutions
(a) Aquatic Resources management department University of Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali
Email: suryanip[at]rocketmail.com
(b) Aquatic Resources management department University of Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali

Abstract
Fish seed quality may be decreased as a result of inbreeding that is a marriage between two individuals who have the same genetic trait. Improved seed quality can be done with the genetic approach to parent selection and crossbreed. Quality seeds which are taken from natural populations are determined by the genetic diversity of a population. Inbreeding can lower the quality of seed because it can increase the number of homozygosity and heterozygosity otherwise decrease the number.This study aims to determine differences in genetic variation three species of grouper groupers (Plectropomus maculatus, Plectropomus leopardus, and Plectropomus oligacanthus) and know the kinship of the three species of grouper. While the benefits of this research can provide information on genetic diversity in natural coral trout grouper, expected inbreeding can be avoided. Muscle and liver tissue was used as a sample for electrophoresis analysis with twelve kinds of enzymes are aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Estrase (EST), -Gliserofosfat dehydrogenase (-GPD), Glukofosfat isomerase (GPI), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), Lactate dehydrogenase (EST), Malic dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic Enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6- PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and sarcoplasmic enzymes (SP). Three polymorphic loci in Plectropomus oligacanthus species are 6-PGD, GPI-2, and PGM. In Plectropomus maculatus, and Plectropomus leopardus all monomorphic loci. The three polymorphic loci on Plectropomus oligacanthus meet the Hardy-Weinberg balance with X2 value for 6-PGD value is 0.123 for GPI-2 is 0.028. And PGM is 0.028. Plectropomus oligacanthus has a polymorphism level of 0.188, the total number of the focusing allele is 1,154, and the average heterozygosity is 0.023. The genetic distance between the sepsis population based on twelve enzymes showed between Plectropomus maculatus, and Plectropomus leopardus had a spacing of 0.134, between Plectropomus leopardus and Plectropomus oligacanthus of genetic distance 0.196 and between Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus oligacanthus the genetic distance was 0.200. The larger the genetic distance between the species, the kinship relationship will be farther away. The distant kinship is owned by Plectropomus oligacanthus.

Keywords
Genetic diversity, Grouper species, Plectropomus sp,

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NkEjzn6yPKCL

Corresponding Author
Epa Paujiah

Institutions
a) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Jl. Soekarno Hatta, No. 749, Cimincrang, Gede Bage, Bandung (Kampus II)
b) Departement of Animal Biosciences, Bogor Agricultural University
Kampus IPB Dramaga, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680
c) Departement of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries, Bogor Agricultural University
Kampus IPB Dramaga, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680

*epapaujiah[at]uinsgd.ac.id

Abstract
Length-weight relationships or condition factor in R. aspro species were analyzed separately by sex and location. This study aims to determine the growth patterns and Length-weight relationships in the R. Aspro fish species that were captured in the Cisadea River, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted from June 2012 to February 2013. Fish sampling from the field was carried out for six months which took place from June to November 2012. Sampling was carried out at the station that had been determined by Purposive Sampling which could represent the upstream, middle and downstream of the river. The parameters measured consisted of growth patterns and factors conditions for fish (Length-weight relationships). The data obtained is then analyzed using the Excell 2007 computer program and uses the FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tool II (FISAT II) program. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (r) R. aspro showed a value of 0.90 for male fish and 0.78 for female fish. The equation of the relationship between the length of weights in R. aspro and the different sexes all has a positive allomatic growth pattern (b> 3). Based on location, the fish growth pattern has positive and negative alomatric patterns. There are differences in conditions both based on gender and location. The relationship between R. aspro fish length is allometric with condition factor values ranging from 0.16-2.05. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for the management of aquatic resources in these locations or other locations.

Keywords
Fish, Growth, R. aspro, Condition Factor, Cisadea River

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VKtgvpELuPNh

Corresponding Author
Elsa Lisanti

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kampus A, Gedung Hasjim Asjarie Lt. 9. Jl. Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia
2 Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia)
E-mail : sajuthi[at]indo.net.di
3 Departement Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dramaga Bogor 16680, Indonesia
4 Center Isotopes Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49 Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia

Abstract
Neem (family Meliaceae) is non-leguminous multipurpose plant has antispermatogenic effect in animals and male men. Objectives: this research to assess and evaluate the effect of aqueous leaves extract of neem on the development of spermatogenic cell of male mice. Methods: Male mice were divided into five groups. Group I as control (C1-1) with the absence of treatment. Group II and III were orally treated by aqueous leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg bw for 36 days. Group IV and V were treated by administering aqueous leaves extract of neem at doses 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg BW for 36 days followed with another 36 days with no treatment. Results: neem leaves extracts to cause decrease of spermatogenic cell (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid) (p<0.05). Observation of testicular histology in treated mice showed degenerative changes that are not homogeneous in the seminiferous tubules. Tubular mice treated showed loss of the germinal epithelium, and reduction in the number of germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid) in the testes of treated mice. After 36 days of stopped of treatment, the number of germ cells had not recovered as control (p <0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the aqueous extract of neem leaves is irreversible to testicular histopathology and decreases the development of spermatogenic cells in male mice.

Keywords
Aqueous; Leaves; Mice; Neem; Testis

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/btkNnvdKwD72

Corresponding Author
Mei Sulistyoningsih

Institutions
Universitas PGRI Semarang

Abstract
Duck is one of the food sources consumed by Indonesians from all levels as an enormous source of protein and fat for all ages. This research aims to recognize the interaction between a variety of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in both automatic feeder and manual by observing the level of glucose and cholesterol. The research applied RAL experiment design using 2 x 2 factorial pattern with factor A as providing Zingiber officinale and Zingiber officinale Rosc. while factor B as using automatic feeder and feeding manually with 3 repetition. The treatments used in the experiment are J1P1 (feed + Zingiber officinale 2% + automatic feeder), J1P2 (feed + Zingiber officinale + manual feeder), J2P1 (feed + Zingiber officinale Rosc. 2% + automatic feeder), J2P2 (Feed + Zingiber officinale Rosc. 2% + manual feeder). The subject of the research was DOD (Day Old Duck) from Magelang which was raised since three days old up until the age of 8 weeks for sampling. The result of the research showed no interaction between feeding the ducks with Zingiber officinale or Zingiber officinale Rosc. using both automatic and manual feeder to the level of glucose and cholesterol in the ducks- blood (P > 0.05). The highest level of glucose came from J2P2 which consisted of feed + Zingiber officinale Rosc. + manual feeder reaching an average of 186 mg/dl. Meanwhile, the highest level of cholesterol was also reached in J2P2 with an average of 125.67 mg/dl.

Keywords
Zingiber officinale, Zingiber officinale Rosc., feeder, glucose, cholesterol

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Uc29GWk6LgbT

Corresponding Author
Supriyatin Supriyatin

Institutions
Departement of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Learning outcome someone is determined by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Personality and motivation including internal factors that affect student learning outcome. This research aims to determine the correlation between personality and motivation with student learning outcome. Participants in this research are students of XI grade majoring in science from 13 Senior High School Jakarta. This research was held on August until September 2018 with 121 students of XI grade majoring in science chosen by simple random sampling. This research used survey technique through correlative study. A correlation analysis revealed that personality and motivation were significant relationship with student learning outcome. Personality and motivation simultaneously provides a considerable contribution with student learning outcomes.

Keywords
motivation, personality, student learning outcome.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Jy32uhA4NFtb

Corresponding Author
Dewa Ayu Putri Sri Masyeni

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Warmadewa

Abstract
Hypertension becomes an alarming problem in almost all parts of the world, especially developing countries like Indonesia.In Bali Province cases of hypertension in 2014 became the second sequence of the top ten diseases with a total of 114,421 cases.This study describes risk factors associated with hypertension in patients who visited public health center I south of Denpasar. Case control study is used as research design by using 84 samples (42 cases : 42 control). Data are collected through interviews with a questionnaire of IPAQ, food recall and physical examination of blood pressure. Sampling technique is using consecutive sampling. Data analysis was done gradually including univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression test in SPSS program. Multivariate analysis indicated an adjusted odds ratio as follows: salt intake ≥ 6 grams of salt per day (OR: 4,718; 95% CI: 1,6248-13,707), family history of hypertension (OR: 4,156; 95% CI: 1,487-11,612) and physical activity (OR; 4,143 95% CI: 1,486-11,551). While the independent variables that are not proven as risk factors for hypertension are gender (OR: 0.817; 95% CI: 0.338-1.974) and age (OR: 1,370; 95% CI : 0,259-7,249).. The results of this study is expected to be an input for public health center I south of Denpasar that the of promotive and preventive programs of disease is needed to reduce the occurrence of hypertension in the work area of public health center I south of Denpasar. Key Words : Hypertension, Risk Factors. Public Health Center.

Keywords
Hypertension, Risk Factors. Public Health Center.

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jNQR6qmL9zYZ

Corresponding Author
Jantje Ngangi

Institutions
a)Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Manado State University, Tondano, 95619 Indonesia, jantjengangi[at]unima.ac.id
b)Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agricultural, De La Salle Catholic University, Manado, 95000, Indonesia

Abstract
Agricultural waste in the form of lignocellulose biomass are considered to be the largest promising carbon source in the nature for transformation to its base components such as simple sugars that can be further converted to bioethanol through cellulolytic enzyme activities. Cellulolytic enzymes can be found in microorganisms such as in the digestion tracts of termites. The microbiological biodiversity in the digestive tract of termites is suspected to produce cellulolytic enzymes that would degrade lignocellulose and may have the potentials to result in bioethanol. The purpose of this research is to identify potential cellulolytic enzym producting bacteria from the digestion tract of termites from various locations of North Sulawesi. Bacteria that was screened was then isolated with PrestoTM Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit Protocol, Geneaid then continued on to 16S RNA Gene Sequencing. Several bacteria isolates were succesfully isolated from the termites digestive tract (genus Odontotermes sp and Nasutitermes sp). Molecular identification with 16S rRNA sequences indicated that isolate B1 had 97% similarity with Bacillus cereus strain L-7, isolate B2 had a similarity of 97% with Stenotrophomonas maltophillia Strain W8-8, while the two isolate isolated from Nasutitermes sp, had a degree of similarity of 99% to E. faecalis.

Keywords
cellulolytic bacteria, digestive tracts, North Sulawesi, termites, 16s RNA

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2p8hGU9EbWgM

Corresponding Author
Dian Fita Lestari

Institutions
Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Bengkulu
Jl. W.R. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia.
email: dianfita[at]unib.com

Abstract
Gunung Kidul is one of the districts in Yogyakarta province that has a long coastline with a substrate of coral (rocky shores) and white sand. One of the beaches with rocky substrate is Indrayanti. The rocky substrates are different from other substrate which have physicochemical factors changes in water and gives its own character for the life of marine organism in intertidal zone. Mollusca as one of the phylum that live mostly in the marine and some are in intertidal zone of marine with coral substrates. This aim of the research to identification the types of mollusca that found in the intertidal zone of the Indrayanti and classifying each species found. This research method by observation and data collection techniques by accidental sampling during low tide. The data in this research are qualitative data that analyzed by descriptive. The result of this research shows that the mollusca phylum which inhabited the intertidal zone of the Indrayanti beach found 4 classes from 7 classes in Mollusca phylum, there are gastropoda, bivalvia, polyplacophora, and cephalopoda classes with a total amount of 83 species. Gastropoda class that dominate of all species are about 69 species or 83,13%, with the most subclass order are caenogastropoda, heterobranchia, patellogastropoda, vetigastropoda and neritimorpha. Polyplacophora class which is a chiton group is found around 8,43% and the remaining species found are bivalves and cephalopoda classes.

Keywords
mollusca, intertidal zone, indrayanti beach

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wbpBR7MFjtf6

Corresponding Author
Ni Wayan Widhidewi

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali

Abstract
Almost 2 million Muslims from more than 183 countries conduct Hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia every year. This event carries significant public health challenges not only infectious disease transmission but also exacerbation of non-communicable diseases. Although the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was not high, it confers high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to identify major risk factors of cardiovascular event among Hajj pilgrims from Bali in 2018. A cross sectional study was conducted in Western Denpasar Community Health Center, where the Hajj preparations take place. Demographical data, history of preexisting medical illness, physical examination, laboratory, electrocardiogram (ECG), thorax x-ray results were collected. CVD risk defined as the finding of at least one of the parameters (age ≥ 55 years old, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, ECG or x-ray abnormalities). A total of 99 participants were enrolled in the study. Among them, 97 (98%) participants had at least one CVD risk factor. Significant findings of Hajj Pilgrimage with CVD risk implicate that the CVD risk factors identification are profoundly recommended to avoid mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular event during Hajj-period.

Keywords
Hajj pilgrim; risk; cardiovascular disease

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7hCW34QzxJnY

Corresponding Author
Ni Komang Alit Astiari

Institutions
a Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture,Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali.
b Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture,Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali.
* E-mail: alit.astiari[at]gmail.com

Abstract
This study aims to improve the quality of citrus cv. Siam through fertilization and pruning. This experiment used factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is fertilization consisting of 3 levels (P0 = only fertilized with manure/control, P1 = manure,N,P,K,Ca, and P2 = manure,N,P,K,Ca,Zn,Cu). The second treatment is pruning consisting of 3 levels (M0 =without pruning, M1 =pruning young shoots, and M2 =pruning young shoots, leaves and twigs that are protected and affected by disease). Fertilization treatment with P2 improved fruit quality, which was reflected by the increase of harvested fruit weight per tree (99.79%); weight per fruit (35.69%) and total dissolved solids (30.22%). Harvested fruit weight, weight per fruit, and total dissolved solids on treatment with P2 were 3442.76g, 173.58g, and 9.48obrix, respectively, but on control that were only 1673.13g; 127.92g and 7.28obrix. In the pruning treatment, the best results were obtained in M2 which was reflected in the increase in weight of fruit harvested per tree (40.91%), weight per fruit (19.56%) and total dissolved solids (25.55%). Fruit weight per tree, weight per fruit, and total dissolved solids in M2 treatment were 3638.77g, 173.58g, and 9.63obrix respectively, but in controls only 2582.34g, 145.92g, and 7.67obrix

Keywords
fruit quality, off-season, fertilization, pruning, Citrus cv. Siam

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/weq3vDjfG2hF

Corresponding Author
Parwito P

Institutions
(1) Departement of Agrotechnology, Universitas Ratu Samban, Jl.Jend. Sudirman No. 87 Arga Makmur, Bengkulu Utara, Indonesia
(1) Mahasiswa Program Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. WR Supratman, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia
(2)Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. WR Supratman, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia

*mimi_sutrawati[at]unib.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of yellow mosaic and spotting on California papaya plants in Bengkulu. The research was carried out in January to September 2019 in three districts namely Rejang Lebong, Central Bengkulu, and Seluma districts. The method used in this study is a survey and descriptive method to determine the distribution and incidence of yellow mosaic on papaya plants. Field observations show two types of disease symptoms in papaya tanama. Symptoms of systemic yellow mosaic on papaya leaves, striped mosaic on leaf stalks, ring spot on fruit found in Rejang Lebong Regency. Whereas in Central Bengkulu Regency and Seluma Regency, there were symptoms of brown spots surrounded by yellow halos on the surface of papaya leaves, and small pox spots on papaya fruit. Yellow mosaic disease in several observation locations in Rejang Lebong Regency showed a very high incidence of more than 90% in every land that was observed. While the incidence of brown spot disease in the observation area in Central Bengkulu Regency and Seluma Regency each reached 100%.

Keywords
Incidence, virus mosaic disease, papaya

Topic
Biology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qzWu3UPCfjHT