Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Rifqi Hariri

Institutions
1Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda No. 13, Bogor
2Indonesian Genetic and Biodiversity Community, Jl. Ikan Mujair No. 15, Tunjung Sekar, Lowok Waru, Malang
*muhammadrifqihariri[at]gmail.com
3Herbarium Bandungense (FIPIA), Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gd. Labtek VC, Jl. Let. Jen. Purn. Dr (HC) Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang
4Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gd. Labtek XI, Jl. Ganeca No. 10, Bandung

Abstract
Ficus spp. (Moraceae) belong to the tribe Ficeae in Moraceae family. Many members of this genus has been collected in Bogor Botanic Gardens. A total of 519 living collections of Ficus spp. has been conserved since 1817 and there are about 13 species have not been identified yet. This research aims to identify of Ficus sp. using morphological and molecular approach. Morphological characterization and herbarium specimen observation has been carried out to identify Ficus sp. originating from Sumatra. The molecular approach is carried out using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) marker. The result of morphological and molecular analysis will be explained in this paper.

Keywords
Bogor Botanic Gardens; Ficus; ITS; living collection; Sumatra

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XVKRyvw4mJkN

Corresponding Author
Diani Fatmawati

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Jamu gendong, as the typical traditional herbal medicine of Indonesia, has been practised to treat various diseases. However, the contamination of hazardous pollutant which possibly occur will cause the other health poblems. This research observed lead (Pb) content of jamu gendong in three traditional markets in Malang. The jamu obtained from two sellers in each market and covered four replications. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to analyze the Pb contained within jamu gendong. The results informed that the jamu sold in Batu, Belimbing, and Merjosari markets comprised of Pb with the average amount were 0.08 mg/L; 0.18 mg/L; and 0.09 mg/L respectively. This means that the Pb content of these three markets were under the threshold mentioned in SNI 7387:2009, yet they were higher than the standard mentioned in BPOM No.5 year 2018. By considering the results, the awareness of traditional herbal sellers in conducting the hygiene as considerable as their careness about contaminant resources need to be improved, therefore, the jamu gendong sold will be safer to be consumed.

Keywords
Heavy metal contaminant, jamu gendong, Pb level

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kVjLT98t7vrq

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Indonesian Frizzle Chicken Research Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia possesses abundant biodiversity and endemic if compared to biological wealth in other regions in Asia. One form of animal biodiversity in Indonesia is characterized by various types of complex morphological forms, for example in poultry groups. Frizzle chicken is one of the poultry species that have unique morphological characteristics. However, the characterization of morphology and molecular physiology in chicken frizzle in Indonesia is rarely explored until now. This study was conducted to characterize the specific characteristics of Indonesian chicken frizzle by analyzing several parameters such as feathers, scales on the feet and head morphology between local Javanese frizzle chicken and wild-type types. Based on the comparison of the morphology through the parameters above, it was found that there were significant differences between chicken and wild-type frizzle, including curvature, weight, length of fur, and morphology of the head and foot scales. Interestingly, Indonesian frizzle chicken has a more colorful variety of feathers compared to other areas. Thus, the results of this preliminary study are worth-using as the basic frameworks for genetic mapping of species of chicken frizzle in Indonesia. Further research is needed at the molecular level to obtain a comprehensive database of Indonesian frizzle chicken.

Keywords
Frizzle chicken, Indonesia, Morphological analysis, biodiversity

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cpQj3Z2kK9hL

Corresponding Author
Elke Ayu Augista

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Flies are vectors of disease because flies can transfer bacteria from dirty places to food or the human body. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the number of Escherichia coli carried by three types of flies in different location (settlement and garbage) dump. This factorial study involved three types of flies, i.e. the house fly (Musca domestica), green fly (Chrysomya megacephala), and fruit flies (Drosophila sp.). Catching flies is carried out at 02.00 to 05.00 pm for four times a week. Calculation of the number of E. coli using the colony counter in CFU / ml units and two-way ANOVA was chosen to analyze the data that has been obtained. The result, differences in location did not give a significant effect (p = 0.533), while the type of fly had a significant effect on the number of E. coli (p < 0.001). The location and the type of fly also did not show a significant interaction (p = 0.816). Interestingly, Drosophila is the type of fly that carries the least amount of E. coli when compared to the other two types of flies.

Keywords
Chrysomya megacephala, Drosophila sp., Escherichia coli, Musca domestica

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3jmz6NwM7Rx4

Corresponding Author
Eko Susetyorini

Institutions
Departement of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang, East Java, Indonesia (62341) 551149

Abstract
Based on the substances it contains, kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC) are indicated to have efficacy in increasing female reproductive fertility. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of kaffir lime leaf extract on the number of ovarian follicles of female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This true-experimental research used three levels of extract concentration, i.e. 250 mg / kg, 500 mg / kg, and 750 mg / kg. Data from the study were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and continued with DMRT test. As a result, the administration of kaffir lime leaf extract had a significant effect on ovarian follicles number in white rats (p < 0.001). Treatment with a dose of 500 mg/kg and 750mg/kg did not have a significant difference in the number of primary, tertiary and de graff follicles, while the secondary follicles in the treatment of 750 mg/kg had a significantly higher number of other treatments. Therefore, kaffir lime leaf extract has the potential as herbal medicine for womens reproductive health.

Keywords
Citrus hystrix, female fertility, ovarian follicle

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RgWBhC9zmxwc

Corresponding Author
Nursasi Handayani

Institutions
Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The fingerroot (Kaempferia pandurata ROXB) is one of the medicinal plants. Beside as a spice, based on research, the temu kunci plant can be used as a medicine. Fingerroot contain pivotal compounds such as essential oils, starch, resin, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, pinostrolerin, and alipinetin. Mostly, the plants containing saponins, flavonoids and phenols have the effect of spermicide or sperm immobilization. Based on this issue, the use of fingerroot rhizomes can have an impact on the reproductive organs. Until now there is still little research on the effects fingerroot rhizome on reproductive organs, especially as antifertility. The use of natural ingredients as antifertility has smaller side effects than synthetic chemicals. The aims of this study to determine the effect of decoction of fingerroot rhizome simplicia on the quality of male mice sperm. In this present study, the concentration that were utilized are 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15 %. The results showed that the fingerroot rhizome simplicia decoction had an effect on the testis of Balb C mice (Mus musculus).

Keywords
fingerroot rhizome, antifertility, mice

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/C72mufQdYMav

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1State Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Obstetri and Gynecology, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Medical Faculty Brawijaya University, Indonesia
3Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
4Veterinary Medicine School, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
5Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya University, Indonesia

Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the second cancer type that common in woman and the most caused of woman death all over the world. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection suggested could induced gene hypemethylation. Hypermethylation that occur on p16 tumor suppressor gene promoter resulted in silencing tumor suppressor gene so that the gene is inactive and contribute to malignancy of cancer cells. Tea paracytes or Loranthaceae known to be a plant that have an anticancer potency, correlated to its flavonoids content. Flavonoid from Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser (SAD) suggested have a role in the inhibiting methylation towards p16. This research objective was to identify the potency of Lawang - East Java Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser (SAD) flavonoids compound towards Hela cells. In this study, we examine flavonoids from SAD that been extracted in n-heksan, chloroform, etanol solvent, using TLC Chromatogram and LCMS. We also examined the cells proliferation using MTT assay, apoptotic level was examine by Tunnel, and then completed with methylation level detection using bisulfit direct sequencing method. The result shown that flavonoids that found were : flavanon, dihidroflavonol and flavon; dihidroflavonol, flavanon and cathecin, and flavonol, flavon, and EGCG, respectively.in n hexane, chloroform and ethanol fraction. Flavonoids that were found suggested to have proliferation inhibitor and apoptotic inductor potency via inhibition of p16 promoter of HeLa cells methylation. SAD flavonoids in the n-heksan and chloroform fraction shown the most potent in methylation inhibition. We suggested that combination of flavanon and dihidroflavonol have an important role in p16 demethylation. SAD flavonoids had activity to affect the methylation of p16 and bioactive compound could be one of a novel agent that have to be explore in the future as a demethylating agent in cancer.

Keywords
Methylation, Apoptotic, Proliferation, p16, Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CjWEHZqKU7ha

Corresponding Author
Siti Nur Arifah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory of artery wall by lipoprotein oxidation. Food with high content of fat is one of causes increases the level of LDL. The increase in LDL level increases free radicals in form of ROS and causing to be easily oxidized into Ox-LDL. Ox-LDL triggers the activation of macrophage and Th17 cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Treatment for atherosclerosis uses simvastatin could influence the activity of nervous system, so that safe treatment with herbal treatment, one of examples is single bulb garlic. The research aims to find out the influence of single bulb garlic oil on the decrease ROS thus it could inhibit IL-6 secretion and the number of lymphocytes in mice with high fat diet (HFD). Mice were feed with high fat diet for 45 days and treated for 30 days. Mice were grouped into 6 groups, normal, HFD with simvastatin 26 mg/kg BW, single bulb garlic oil 0 mg/kg BW, 12.5 mg/kg BW, 25 mg/kg BW, and 50 mg/kg BW. In the end of treatment, mice were dissected for collection of (1) serum in order to measure its level using ELISA with ROS and IL-6 antibodies, (2) aorta from heart to measure its expression using IHC-F with IL-6 antibody, lymphocyte from bone marrow and spleen was calculated for the number of cells using light microscope. The result indicated that the single bulb garlic oil has influence on decrease of ROS level, IL-6 level, IL-6 expression and the number of lymphocyte.

Keywords
single bulb garlic oil, ROS, IL-6, lymphocyte

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nRTpKAWEewUV

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1,2,3,4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang
5Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract
Vanillin is one of the compounds that was successfully isolated from the fruits of the Vanilla planifolia Andrews which are abundant in Indonesia. So far, Indonesia has only been able to export vanilla fruit directly without further processing. The IUPAC name of Vanillin is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. This compound is a derivative of benzaldehyde. The presence of an aldehyde group causes vanillin to experience a Knoevenagel condensation reaction if it is reacted with dimedone. In this paper, two derivatives of vanillin compounds successfully synthesized. The first compound has a pyran skeleton and the second compound has a pyridine skeleton. Both of these compounds have the potential as antibacterial agents against gram positive and negative bacteria.

Keywords
vanillin derivatives, Knoevenagel condensation, antibacterial agents

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/euA7yvCtHfQD

Corresponding Author
Solichatul Afifah

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Malang

Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease of the synovium. The key enzyme which role in RA is mPGES-1, which catalyzes conversion PGH2 into PGE2. PGE2 is the primary prostaglandin in inflammation when PGE2 binds to receptors PGE2, and it can activate the transcription factor. Data from WHO in 2010 depict that the prevalence of RA sufferers is relatively high. The synthetic drugs for RA commonly used are piroxicam and meloxicam, but has effect due to hepatoxics, so that a safe alternative which using an herbal madicine such as red betel. Red betel leaves contains terpenoid compounds such as β-amyrin, Spathulenol, Caryophyllene, and Humulene. Several previous studies reveal that terpenoid can inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis such as terpenoid in Boswellia species and Salvia officinalis, which can inhibit mPGES-1. The purpose of this study is to predict potential of β-amyrin, Spathulenol, Caryophyllene, and Humulene terpenoid compounds in Red Betel as mPGES-1 inhibitor through Molecular docking, PA test, and ADMET test using software and web servers. The results showed four terpenoid compounds and mPGES-1 were on same binding site as drugs, and bound with enzyme through alkyl bond, while β-amyrin bound not only with alkyl bond but also hydrogen bond. The binding affinity of four terpenoid compounds were not significantly different from drugs. The potentials of antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, NSAID, transcription factor inhibitor and pharmacokinetic better than drugs. Based on the generated results, it can be concluded that β-amyrin, Spathulenol, Caryophyllene, and Humulene in Red Betel are potential for an antiinflammatory RA drug candidate.

Keywords
Rheumatoid Arthritis, mPGES-1, Virtual Screening

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZmrWJwqt4MFG

Corresponding Author
Alfonds Andrew Maramis

Institutions
1Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Sciences, State Universiti of Manado (UNIMA), Campus of UNIMA at Tondano, Minahasa, 95618, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
2Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Nature Sciences, State Universiti of Manado (UNIMA), Campus of UNIMA at Tondano, Minahasa, 95618, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Abstract
Caspase-8 and TNFα are cellular molecules that play a role in apoptosis through the death receptor pathway. In connection with the study of toxification of formalin-containing foodfoodstuff and its detoxification using chlorophyllin, our research has previously proven that chlorophyllin supplementation was able to reduce the activation of Caspase-8 and the expression of TNFα which increases due to repeated exposure to formalin-containing foodstuffs. However, information about how significant the two molecules affect the initiation of apoptosis through the flow of caspase activation in the context of this toxicity is not clearly known. This study aims to determine the ratios of Caspase-8 and TNFα of liver cells of mice that experienced toxification of formalin and detoxification of chlorophyllin. Caspase-8 and TNFα of liver cells of mice that underwent the toxic-detoxification treatment were determined through immunohistochemical techniques. The ratio data of the two moleculs was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the Caspase-8 and TNFα ratios varied with the toxicity-detoxification treatment, with a total ratio of 1.01.

Keywords
Caspase-8, TNFα, Formalin-containing Foodstuff, Chlorophyllin.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BkCXKxqd2LWM

Corresponding Author
Umi Latifah

Institutions
1Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Jl. Swadaya Barat No. 4, Semampir Cerme Gresik Regency, 61171, East Java, Indonesia
2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Community Health and Nursery Gadjah Mada University
3Department of Internal Disease Faculty of Medicine, Community Health and Nursery Gadjah Mada University

Abstract
Abstract. Intestine parasites were one of the causes behind the occurrence of intestinal disorder such as diarrhea. The risk of being infected by the intestine parasites increased among the HIV patients due to the weakening immunity, as a result, the intestinal parasites would easily infect the patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, to identify the relationship between the body immunity level and the intestinal parasitic infection among HIV patients in Dr.Sardjito Central Hospital Yogyakarta. Out of 75 samples of faeces HIV patients collected from July 2017 until January 2018. Intestinal parasites were identify using Ziehl Neelsen painting and Ritchie concentration method. The data were analysed using chi-square test with p-value that had been higher than 0,05. The intestine parasites that had been found in the research were namely Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belii, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Balantidum coli, lodomoeba butschlii, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm, and Hymenolepis nana. There had not been significant relationship between the intestinal parasitic infection and the immunity status of HIV patients. The prevalence of intestinal protozoa among the HIV patients was 52 (69.3%), while the prevalence of intestinal worm was 6 (8%).

Keywords
HIV patients, CD4+ level, intestinal parasitic infection.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fh9pPBVeuy3D

Corresponding Author
WINDANIYAH SRI RAHAYU

Institutions
Magister Program of Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Many peoples having an unhealthy lifestyle, like consuming fast food which has a high-fat content. There are many types of research using HFD (High Fat Diet) woof. HFD composition consists of many various contents. Consuming a HFD can cause several negatives health consequences, including metabolic dysfunction and obesity. The purpose of this study is to know the role of HFD which used our composition in the hyperlipidemic-mice model. Eight weeks old balb-C mice divided into two groups, normal and high-fat diet. Both groups received treatment for four weeks. The proximate test was carried out on both HFD and normal woof. Bodyweight and energy intake were measured at the end of the study. The result shows that the HFD group had a bigger body weight and energy intake. The proximate test showed that HFD contained lipid, protein, saccharide higher than normal woof. These are supported by the proximate test of HFD woof that contains protein and lipid higher than normal woof. The conclusion is HFD increasing body weight and energy intake higher than normal.

Keywords
High Fat Diet, Body weight, Energy Intake

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3rmwbQuqp4nV

Corresponding Author
Siti Zubaidah

Institutions
(a) Biology Education, STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang. Jl. Pertamina Km 4 Sengkuang Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
(b) Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Malang. Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
The use of plant roots as traditional medicine for Dayak Desa tribe is carried out from generation to generation but has not been recorded properly. This study aims to identify the types of plants used, parts of plants used, and the way they are processed by Dayak Desa tribe, from Kayan Hilir District, Sintang Regency, Indonesia. The survey research was conducted in March 2018 by seeking information from the community through interview and field observation. Information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 100 informants regarding the types of plants used, the local names, the parts used, and the way to process them. Data analysis was done by compiling and classifying medicinal plants based on its family, its benefits, and its way of using. Then the data were calculated in the form of a percentage of families and the percentage of the way to use them. The results showed that twenty-five medicinal plants were used in twenty-two families. The family that was widely used were families of Araceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae with a percentage of 8% each. The part of the plant used by Dayak Desatribe was the root that was used by way of boiling and drinking with a percentage of 60%.

Keywords
plant roots, traditional medicine, Dayak Desa

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xGXjc9yFNrJA

Corresponding Author
Fendy Hardian Permana

Institutions
Department of Biology Education.
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
One of the biological agents that have many benefits is papaya seed (Carica papaya). On the other hand, papaya seeds also contain some chemical compounds that have toxic properties such as papain and karpain. The aim of this study was to examine the acute toxicity of papaya seed extract by looking at the mortality rates in the population and reviewing the physiological effects manifested by its behavior. Behavior that measured such as the general behavior, aggressiveness and tail movement. The method used to test acute toxicity is by LD50 Miller and Stainter method then categorized its toxicity threshold. Then the emerging physiological impact was analyzed by Likert scale and given the score. After that the data is tested with normality test and one way anova. Toxicity test showed that LD50 extract of papaya seed extract was 18.62 g / kg BW and categorized as practically non toxic. Then there is the effect of papaya seed extract on behavioral physiological and aggressiveness. There was no effect of various doses of papaya seed extract on mouse tail movements

Keywords
Toxicity of papaya seed; Wistar white rat

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tnhGCzpvjg73

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1Chemistry Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65341

a) Corresponding author: sutrisno.kimia[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Sesame seed oil is a vegetable oil sourced from sesame seed extract. Sesame seed oil is rich with unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid (C18:1 9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2 9c12c, ω-6). Sesame seed oil has not been widely utilized in the field of pharmacy, because it is expensive and more used for cooking. Previous studies show that sesame seed oil had no antibacterial activity and was acquired the fatty acid constituent components of sesame seed oil. The research aims are: (1) Transformation sesame seed oil into its derivatives, (2) characterization the sesame seed oil derivative products (3) identification of the product of sesame seed oil and (4) evaluation of antibacterial activity of its derivatives. The research consisted of 5 stages. Stage 1: characterization and identification of sesame seed oil which includes appearance, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number, IR spectrum interpretation and GC-MS. Stage 2: synthesis, characterization and identification which includes the appearance, color, melting point, solubility test and IR spectrum interpretation of potassium soap. Stage 3: synthesis, characterization and identification which include form, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, boiling point, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number and IR spectrum interpretation of fatty acids. Stage 4: transesterification of sesame seed oil, characterization and identification which include appearance, color, density, refractive index, viscosity, solubility test, acid number, number of conformations, ester number, IR spectrum interpretation and GC-MS. Stage 5: evaluation of antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli bacteria. The saponification of sesame seed oil with potassium hydroxide produced potassium soap with solid tangible yellowish white appearance and has a melting point 235 – 240 oC. Acidification potassium soap with hydrochloric acid was obtained a yellowish liquid fatty acid, density of 0.93 g.mL-1, refractive index 1.46 (25 º C), viscosity 60.54 cSt, acid number 140.55, saponification number 165.55, and ester number 25.00. Transesterification of sesame seed oil using methanol catalyzed potassium hydroxide produced methyl ester liquid fatty acids yellow colored, density of 0.89 g.mL-1, refractive index 1.45 (25 º C), viscosity 35.06 cSt, acid number 0.56, saponification number 429.21, and ester 428.65. Potassium soap (2% and 1%), fatty acids (2% and 1%), and methyl ester is 2% were active as an antibacterial agent to Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with medium category.

Keywords
triglyceride derivatives, sesame seeds oil, antibacterial

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YU8pKQHvqgGJ

Corresponding Author
Vivi Novianti

Institutions
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Biodiversity studies, aside of revealing hidden species from basic, conventional methods to sophisticated technologies, also have a number of obstacles. Our study showed that almost all variable widespread species comprised of multiple species. In the other hand, some endemic species might be found to be a synonym of a widespread species and a reasonable explanation is in place. Tectonic plates of Indonesia is found to be a very effective way to explain speciation, but in the other hand also raised some issues concerning species definition. Despite of the fast scientific progress in all aspects of science and technology, many other biodiversity aspects, such as ecology, niche, behavior, reproductive strategy, physiology, species introduction in the past, etc., received little attentions and progressed slowly, especially technology which needs the handing of living organism.

Keywords
biodiversity richness, species concept, continental plate, biogeography, unique phenomenon

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HaDmVTuzN6Qr

Corresponding Author
Retty Ratnawati

Institutions
1) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
2) Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute Technology Bandung

Abstract
Brain injury caused by physical trauma in our TBI (trauma brain injury) rat model, have been approved to recover after administered by total catechins derived from green tea. The improvement have been detected in the increase of the neurological severity score (NSS). While in the molecular level, the improvement could be detected through the decrease of TNF alpha, caspase 8, caspase 3, NFKappa B p65 and also the increase of the BDNF and ratio BCl2/Bax. Hyperglycemia could damage the brain that can be seen in our memory spatial rat model. The administered of the total anthocyanin derived from sweet purple potatoes Ipomoea batatas L. kultivar Gunung Kawi, was used to these animals to improve the memory spatial of the rat. It can be determined through the molecular level, such as the decrease of the MDA, Caspase 3, TNF alpha and also the decrease of the travel time Morris water maze However there is still problems to decide the exact rationale doses of these two natural anti-oxidant. Therefore, it is a deemed to continue to elaborate the doses.

Keywords
trauma brain injury, memory spatial, total catechins, total anthocyanin sweet potato

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xFjMWaBQgpE9

Corresponding Author
Eko Budi Minarno

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang

Abstract
Emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is used by the people of Duwet Krajan Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency, among others, for medicinal plants. The utilization of these plants is a local wisdom of the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of emprit ginger as a medicinal plant by the people of Duwet Krajan Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency. This research was conducted by survey method with semi-structured interview techniques and observations. Research data is categorized as the types of utilization, processing methods, compounding methods, methods of acquisition, and conservation efforts. 10 people respondents were determined using a purposive sampling method based on their knowledge of emprit ginger and their participation in training held by the Manpower Office. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive analysis techniques and literature studies. The results showed that 60% utilization is for the purpose of warming the body, treated aches of 10%, dizziness by 20%, colds by 30%, chills by 20% and relieving coughs by 100%. The method of processing is by making instant ginger powder by 70%, drying by 20%, and boiling at 10%. The way of compounding is by brewing without any additional ingredients by 50% and brewing with additional ingredients by 50%. The way to obtain the ginger is by buying 10% and cultivating in the field or yard by 90%. Conservation efforts are carried out by cultivating in the field or yard as a form of livelihood in the local community.

Keywords
Emprit ginger, Zingiber officinale var. Amarum, Duwet Krajan Village

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZL4p32DeNxfT

Corresponding Author
Sari Fuji Faradila

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The Madurese are also known as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia which still maintain the practice of using plants as a traditional medicinal herb. The aimed of this ethnobotany research were to explore the kind of plants used as medicinal plants in Sumenep, along with ways to use and types of diseases that can be treated. The study was conducted in three villages, i.e. Bangselok, Paberasan, and Tanjung, involving village elders, traditional healer, and surrounding communities as research respondents. Observations, interviews, and documentation were used as research data collection techniques, and qualitative descriptive techniques were chosen as research data analysis. The results of the study informed that various plants had been used by the Sumenep community in treating various diseases. Some plants that are commonly used as traditional herb include chilli herbs (Piper retrofractum) and pinang (Areca catechu). These plants are used as herbal ingredients to maintain health and "sari rapet" for household harmony.

Keywords
ethnobotany, traditional medicines, medicinal plants

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GJc2bjyX8Evm

Corresponding Author
Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati

Institutions
1) Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
3) School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
A high increase of population growth along side of Gajah Wong River Yogyakarta had induce water quality degradation. Domestic, agriculture and home industries of leather waste reduce the water quality. The aim of the study is to analyze water quality and pollution index of Gajah Wong river. Secondary data of its water quality had collected to compare with the recent data. Water samples were collected from 8 sites of Gajah Wong River. The parameters that analyzed were COD, BOD, DO, TSS, Cd, and Pb. Water pollution index of STORET was calculated. Based on the data since 2006 indicated that the water quality in Gajah Wong River were exceeded the water quality standard as state in Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control, particularly for class I (source for drinking water), and class II (for agriculture and fisheries). Appropriate management have to developed to improve the water quality.

Keywords
water quality, Gajah Wong River, STORET, pollution index

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3VKxLtPeAyNc

Corresponding Author
Eko Sri Sulasmi

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
The majority of East Java people only use ferns as ornamental plants, even though ferns have potential in the medical field. The fern contains secondary metabolites so they are often called medicinal plants. Anatomical observations supported by histochemical tests can provide the type of secretory structure containing secondary metabolites and the content of secondary metabolites accumulated in these structures. This study began with exploration in the Tahura Soeryo area in June-July 2019. The results of the exploration were Pteris biaurita L., P. maricella V., P. quadriaurita Retz., P. linearis Poir, P. mertensiodes Wild , P. tripartita Sw., P. aspericaulis Wall. ex J. Agardh. , P. longipes D. Don, and P. linearis Poir. The rhizomes and fronds samples were cut across then tested with various types of reagents. Secondary metabolites were found in secretory tissues, vacuoles, and cytosol rhizomes and fronds of parenchymal cells in Pteris.

Keywords
Fern, Histochemical, Pteris, Tahura Soeryo

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zqjmKJ3v9GtV

Corresponding Author
UUN ROHMAWATI

Institutions
State University of Malang

Abstract
Xylanase enzyme is extracellular enzyme that plays a role in hidrolyzing xylan into short chains of xylose and xylooligosaccharides. The xylanase enzyme is one of the most important enzymes in various industrial sectors including the paper, textile and xylitol industries. Xylanase enzyme are produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi with the help of xylan as an xylanase enzyme induction medium. The use of commercial xylan in industrial scale xylanase production is not economical because the price is too expensive $ 180-200/kg, so that an alternative is needed to use xylan from agricultural waste such as bagasse and wheat bran. Bagasse and wheat bran contain higher xylan compared to other agricultural wastes are 29.2% and 43.2%. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration in mixing bagasse and wheat bran substrates to the xylanase enzyme activity produced by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae through the 2,4 dinitrosalicylic acid method. The test results of the xylanase enzyme activity of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae showed that xylanase production increased with increasing concentration of wheat bran and decreased by adding concentration of bagasse. Based on the results of the enzyme activity test it can be concluded that the substrate which produces high xylanase enzyme at 100% wheat bran is 6.6 U / mL, while mixing the wheat bran and bagasse substrate which produces high xylanase activity at a concentration ratio of 75% wheat bran added 25% bagasse that is equal to 5.4 U / mL. The xylanase enzyme activity produced by Aspergillus oryzae was higher than Aspergillus niger which was 4.49 U / mL.

Keywords
Xylanase, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/23HhTNeubdZw

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Research Center of Minerals and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author-s Email: sunaryono.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
In this study, water pollution contamination can be eliminated by the AOPs (Advanced Oxidation Processes) method, the photodegradation method that uses photocatalyst techniques made from semiconductor materials such as ZnO which have the advantage of not being easily degraded when light absorption, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. However, this material is not magnetic so it is difficult for this material to be separated from the solution after being used even though ZnO has the potential to be applied repeatedly. To determine the effect of ZnO concentration on the crystal structure and the magnetization properties of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles, the fabrication of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell nanoparticles with variations of ZnO concentration had been successfully synthesized by using precipitation method. To investigate the structural, morphological, magnetization properties, and optic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles, the samples had been characterized by using XRD, TEM, VSM and UV-Vis Spectrophotometers respectively. The results showed that ZnO concentration did not affect the crystal structure. Furthermore, TEM image showed that the core-shell structure was well carried out. The addition of ZnO concentration can affect particle size and can reduce the magnetization properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and can increase the degradation rate of methylene orange dyes.

Keywords
Fe3O4@ZnO, Core-Shell, Photocatalyst, Photodegradation

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aYPzRD6QhFXZ