Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Yohana Theresia Maria Astuti

Institutions
1.2.3.4.Agriculture Faculty, Institut Pertanian Stiper, INDONESIA
(E-mail: astuti_maria2000[at]yahoo.com, ennyrahayu000[at]gmail.com, nugrahatri[at]yahoo.com, dianswn93[at]gmail.com)
5coffee enterpreuner, Temanggung, INDONESIA
(E-mail: agussolifudin18[at]gmail.com)

Abstract
Background: Coffee is one of the main agriculture comodity in Indonesia. The area of coffee in Indonesia reaches 1,227,787 ha which includes smallholder plantations covering 1,179,769 ha (96%) with production of 599,902 tons (94%), state plantations covering 22,525 ha (2.0%) with production of 19,922 tons (3.2%), and private plantations covering an area of 25,493 ha (2.0%) with a production of 17,715 tons (2.8%), bringing the total production to 637,539 tons (Anonymous, 2018), which is spread throughout the provinces in Indonesia. Temanggung is one of the peoples coffee plantation centers in Central Java, with an area of 9,262.02 owned by around 36,222 farmers. However, the condition of the land and the relationship with agronomic characteristics of Robusta coffee in Sucen village are unknown. Aims This research aims to study the condition of the land, its relation to the character of the coffee plant in the people coffee plantation in the Sucen Village, Gemawang District, Temanggung. Materials and Methods The research was carried out at a community coffee plantation in Mandang, Sucen Village, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. Research was conducted using descriptive methods. Observation of performance with 30 samples was conducted by random sampling technique in 3 clones. Land suitability analysis was carried out at 3 observation points. Conclusion:The result showed that vegetative character of BP 409 clones is better than BP 288 and BP 358. However, the highest production was obtained at BP 288. Land suitability in Temandang Mandang Village remains in the inappropriate criteria, which can be improved through land conservation and balanced fertilization. Acknowledgement: Thank you for students of Agriculture Faculty of Instiper students namely Bobby Rifkia Putra, Regan Ophelia, Surya Nugroho, Muhammad Ferly, Dani Syahputra, Deni Wahyu Anggara, Lambang Tri Wibowo, Gusfian, Arifin, Akhyar, for contributions in this research as technical team. References Anonymous. (2018). ‘Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia (Tree Crop Estate Statistics Of Indonesia) 2015 – 2017-. Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. Jakarta.

Keywords
Robusta Coffee, Temanggung, vegetative and generative characteristics

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rq9zfAeWUdJY

Corresponding Author
Afrisal Isfan Abdillah

Institutions
a) Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 West Java, Indonesia
*afrisal_isfan[at]apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract
The low mountain forest area is known as a source of biodiversity because it has an area with natural ecosystems that are relatively still intact and has a rich biodiversity and a high level of endemism. The study was conducted to determine the biodiversity found in the mountain forests under Kamojang. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative data collection, vegetation data collection using plot paths, fauna data with exploration (renaissance survey), edafis and climatic data by purposive sampling. Research shows as many as 10 species of vegetation at pole and tree level, 15 species of seedlings and understorey, and 10 species of sapling level. Lower mountain forest shows as many as 18 species of animals with a composition of 14 species of aves, 2 species of mammals, 2 species of reptiles. The land in the Kamojang lower mountain forest includes andosols with 3 horizons namely O, A, and B which tend to be fertile. Temperatures in the lower mountain forests range from 18.5oc-21oc with 93% relative humidity.

Keywords
biodiversity, wildlife, vegetation, submontana

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cuBEZ47yKfDg

Corresponding Author
Primadhika Al Manar

Institutions
Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

E-mail: primadhikaa[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The potential of medicinal plants in Indonesia is huge and can be further managed to improve the nations economy through the promotion of Indonesian herbal medicines. One of the distribution of medicinal plants that are useful is in the Darmaga Campus of IPB including villages around the campus. The purpose of this study was to identify the diversity of medicinal plant species and how to use medicinal plants by the community around the Darmaga campus of IPB. The research was conducted in Petir Village using the method of literature study, interviews, field surveys, as well as documentation and herbarium. Study of the utilization of medicinal plants in Petir Village was obtained by 30 respondents with different backgrounds. 32 medicinal plants are used by the Petir Village community. The use of medicinal plants by the people of Petir Village is very diverse. The most used medicinal plants come from the Zingiberaceae family. Utilization of medicinal plants by the Village of Petir people most by boiling. Medicinal plants are found in the garden, so the action of environmental conservation must continue to be done in order to maintain the preservation of medicinal plants from land conversion.

Keywords
ethnobotany, exploration, traditional communities

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jX7arwqZD6Ny

Corresponding Author
Ardi Prasetio

Institutions
Magister of Animal Science Diponogoro University

Abstract
Intensive farms in Indonesia feed the rabbit with pellet mainly contained soybean meal as protein source that is fully imported from abroad. This study aim to find the alternative protein source that can be mass produced and substitute the soybean meal. Insect ougtht to substitute soybean meal for having equal amount of protein and better amino acid profile but it has chittin that can cause allergy or phisiology disorder in some animal. Twenty weaned (8 weeks old) male New Zealand White Rabbits with homogenous live weight (1359 ± 154 gr, cv = 11,37%) were randomly divided into 4 treatment group T0, T1, T2, T3 which respectively substituted 0, 10%, 20%, and 30% soybean meal with BSFL and reared for 10 weeks. The blood profile parameter showed no significant except for Neutrophyl and Lymphocyte value that indicate there was alergic reaction to the rabbits after fed by BSLF.

Keywords
Blood profile, Rabbit, Substitution, Soybean meal, Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QYdG7kMtJAVD

Corresponding Author
Sri Dwi Hastuti

Institutions
1School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia
2Department of Aquaculture, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
3School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
4Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
5Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: sri.hastuti[at]adelaide.edu.au

Abstract
Abstract Growth performance and immune responses of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) was assessed after being fed diet containing different levels of a commercial nucleotide (Optimun®) and a purified mixture of nucleotides containing AMP (Adenosine monophosphate), IMP (Inosine monophosphate), UMP (Uridine monophosphate), GMP (Guanidine monophosphate) and CMP (Cytidine monophosphate) at equal amounts. Six nucleotide supplemented diets and a control diet were used in this study namely O1 (Optimun 0.25%), O2 (Optimun 0.5%), O3 (Optimun 0.75%), P1 (0.25% nucleotides), P2 (0.5% nucleotides), P3 (0.75% nucleotide) and C (control/no supplemented nucleotides). Juvenile Asian seabass with an average weight of 13.19 ± 0.58 g (mean ± SD) were fed the treatment diet at 3% body weight per day for six weeks. The study revealed that the different inclusion level of nucleotide did not significantly affect the growth and immune responses of Asian seabass. However, diet P2 with supplementation of 0.5% nucleotide gave higher growth performance, serum total protein, albumin and globulin compare to other diet groups.

Keywords
Asian seabass, Growth performance, Immune responses, Nucleotides diet

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xTaQefAn2KLb

Corresponding Author
ARIS WINAYA

Institutions
Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
1. Background The Artificial Insemination (AI) technology has been proven to improve the genetic quality of livestock through animal reproduction engineering. The one of factors that could affect in AI implementation is sperm quality. To maintain of sperm quality during storage and freezing can be done by adding of sperm diluents solution. The Tris buffer mix with egg yolk is one of the diluents that commonly used in dilution of spermatozoa. The Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) is one of protein source diluent that widely used since has abundant protein content in plasma with concentration of 5 gr 500 ml-1 by contains 20 kinds of amino acid. Also, the acting of extracellular cryo-protectants of BSA can also supply reserve energy during the preservation and cryopreservation of semen. But, BSA is still imported product and the price is expensive and difficult to obtain as well. Various studies reported that BSA can substitution with other compounds, like Snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract (Chasanah, 2015) that rich on minerals, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids that closed to BSA contents. Hence, this study was aim to assay the using of Snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract as an supplement component of the extender compounds on the spermatozoa freezing processes toward the motility and mortality of Limousin bull sperms. 2. Materials and Methods This study was using Limousin bull sperms that was get from ejaculated sperms. Then, the sperms was diluted on Tris egg-yolk and supplemented with Snakehead fish extract (SFE). The supplementation of Snakehead Fish Extract (SFE) was applied for the treatments. The treatments were consist of four treatments; i.e. G0 = 0% SFE; G1 = 2% SFE; G2 = 4% SFE; G3 = 6% SFE and G4 = 8% SSFE. Each treatment was repeated by three times. Observation of mortality and motility of sperms were done by macroscopic observations (volume, pH, consistency, color and smell) and microscopic observations (mortality and motility before and after freezing). Data analysis was done by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test if the ANOVA has any significance or very significance effect. 3. Results Table 1 showed the ANOVA results of spermatozoa mortality treatments with SFE. Table 1. The ANOVA of SFE treatments on sperms mortality Source Degree of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Sum of Squares F-ststistic P-Value 0,05 0,01 Treatments 4 191,60 47,9 1,12ns 3,48 5,99 Error 10 425,33 42,53 Total 14 616,93 Notes: ns = not significance effect (P>0,05) of the treatments The ANOVA showed that supplementation of SFE in egg yolk tris diluent had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the spermatozoa mortality of frozen semen in the post thawing test. This was suspected that the supplementation of SFE to Tris-egg yolk diluents until 8% was not able to protect the plasma membrane of spermatozoa in the cryo-preservation process. Table 2

Keywords
Artificial Insemination (AI); Chana striata; cryo-preservation; Limousin bull; sperm

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Af6JNMTFUaZu

Corresponding Author
Yoesti Silvana Arianti

Institutions
Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Indonesia

Abstract
Sweet potato is a local food that can help reduce dependence on rice and flour consumption. This commodity is the main source of carbohydrates, after rice, cassava, flour and corn. The usefulness and potential of sweet potatoes as alternative food needs to be developed, especially in rural areas. However, sweet potato commodity has not been considered as an important and high economic value commodity in Indonesia. This is in contrast to developed countries, where sweet potatoes have been used as food and non-food raw materials, among others, used to make noodles, sweet potatoes, desserts, confectionery, soy sauce, flour, wine, vinegar, nata de coco, bioethanol and others. Sweet potato cultivated in Indonesia around 89% is used for food to meet the food needs of rural communities, the rest is for industrial raw materials and animal feed. The content of sweet potatoes includes carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Yellow / orange sweet potato is rich in beta-carotene and purple sweet potato contains anthocyanin compounds (antioxidants). Sweet potato processing is still limited to traditional types of food whose products are considered less attractive when compared to processed flour products. Meanwhile, intermediate products that have been developed include flour, instant flour, and starch that can be used as a substitute for flour (10-100%) in pastry products, wet cakes, breads, and noodles.

Keywords
Sweet Potatoes, Local Food, Potential and Development Materials, Karanganyar Regency

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cxaBkZYbFvXC

Corresponding Author
Aulia Adzkia Fauzi

Institutions
Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jalan Agro No 1, Yogyakarta
*adzkiaaulia[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Cocoa is one of the potential agricultural resources in Indonesia but still lacks the attention of stakeholders to get the best economic value. It is important to encourage the cocoa business industry to capture opportunities in the cocoa processing business in the future. Taman Teknologi Pertanian in Nglanggeran is an SME which is also a business incubator that has produced various chocolate products. The design used in this research was explanatory research with the process of data collection through interviews, observation, and questionnaires. This analysis consists of two steps of weighting and prioritizing. The weighted score of the IFE and EFE matrix is (2.5671; 3.1132). SWOT diagram is used to determine the current position of the company which is on the second quadrant (1.1895;-0.0460) which refers to the S-T strategy. The chosen strategy triggered to do diversification strategy as doing product innovation gradually according to the consumer needs. Concentric diversification for internal can be done by utilizing cocoa peel waste as scrubs, whereas, concentric diversification for external can be done by developing agro-tourism. These strategies support sustainability in the area.

Keywords
cocoa, internal factors, external factors, strategic planning, SWOT analysis, Taman Teknologi Pertanian

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qmM4GYkuN8Kp

Corresponding Author
Irma Wardani

Institutions
a) Agribusiness Islam Batik Surakarta University
Jalan KH Agus Salim no 10 Surakarta, Jawa Tengah
b) Agribusiness Islam Batik Surakarta University
Jalan KH Agus Salim no 10 Surakarta, Jawa Tengah

Abstract
Development of identical plantations with large industrial components and sources of state revenue to make plantation products for export. The selection of priority commodities to be developed can contribute to regional development. This research aims to determine priority plantation crops to be developed in Sukoharjo districts. The data analysis technique used is the AHP method The results indicate the direction of the development of plantation crops, namely productivity. The priority plantation crops developed in Sukoharjo districts are Sugar Cane (0.2929), Coconut (0.2017), Tobacco (0,1650), Medicinal Plants (0.1283), Cashew (0,1259), Cattonwood (0.0085). Identification on the development of estate crops as follows internal factors: 1) strengths: available land, farmer the asosiasion, social culture, availability of human resources, 2) weaknesses: low farmer education, lack of farmer coaching, expensive labor. External factors: 1) opportunities: availability of seeds from the government, mechanization assistance for land, market demand, expansion of land, the presence of sugarcane processing factories 2) threats: land use change, sugarcane farmers competition, pest and disease attacks, farmers moving to other sectors .

Keywords
Plantation crops, AHP, sugar cane

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9HtvyjGXaZW7

Corresponding Author
Dr. Ir. Idiek Donowarti, MP

Institutions
University of Wisnuwardhana Malang

Abstract
Glucomannan is soluble fiber polysaccharide compound and it has functional characteristic on food processing and health. Powder from the root of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) has high level of glucomannan so it has big potential to be developed as a new additional food ingredient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption of porang flour on cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. The study was designed in a complete one-way random design and was carried out through a test of reverse intestine of the small intestine of the Wistar strain white rat. Porang flour consumption consists of three levels, 300,400,and 500 respectively measured in mg / kg body weight. The results showed that on reserve intestine experiment especially for the cholesterol, the increasing of the dosage can lower the absorption of cholesterol within small intestine. 0mg/kgBB dosage gives absorption level up to 642.28ppm, whereas 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5g/kg BB can lower the absorption of cholesterol into 273.28 ppm; 253.58 ppm and 219.23 ppm.

Keywords
Cholesterol Absorption, Flour person, Test Colon Reversed

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WeXA8DvLbzCB

Corresponding Author
Wahyu Widodo

Institutions
a) University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Jl Raya Tlogomas no 246 Malang 65144, Indonesia
*) wahyu[at]umm.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the effect of curcuma as feed additive toward the effectiveness of feed in the super kampong chicken and toward determine the best level of curcuma as feed additive toward the effectiveness of feed in the super kampong chicken. This research was taking place at the Closed House and Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Tegalgondo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency at January 2019. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this research through the experimental design. The treatments in this research were: P0: curcuma as feed additive 0.0% (as a control), P1: curcuma as feed additive 0.33%, P2: curcuma as feed additive 0.67% and P3: curcuma as feed additive 1.00%, with 5 replications. Variance Analysis (ANAVA) was used to analyzed the data, if the results were significantly, followed by the LSD test. The conclusion in this research was curcuma as feed additive had a very significant effect on income over feed cost and carcass weight percentage but it had no significant effect on abdominal fat weight percentage, feed efficiency, meat dry matter content, meat organic matter content, meat ash content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility in the super kampong chicken. The best treatment level was curcuma by 1% as feed additive due to increase the percentage of carcass weight.

Keywords
“jamu temulawak” curcuma herbal, super kampong chicken

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pq7ZU2aDevhk

Corresponding Author
Bunyamin Muchtasjar

Institutions
1 Departement of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto 53181, Indonesia, (E-mail: beben_ump[at]yahoo.com)
2 Departement of Chemical Enginering, Diponegoro University, SH-Tembalang , Semarang 50239, Indonesia, (E-mail : hadiyanto[at]live.undip.ac.id)
3 Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Diponegoro University, SH-Tembalang , Semarang 50239, Indonesia, (E-mail : Munifatul_Izzati[at]yahoo.com)

Abstract
Batik production is mostly done by craftsman who belong to small and medium industrial groups. They are in the middle of a residential area. Low education is often the reason for not caring about the environment. With limited capital, none of these industries has wastewater treatment plants. So that they dispose of their waste directly into the river. Environmental pollution is certain to occur. In the batik production process, the wastewater produced reaches 95%. The volume of clean water used in the batik production process is 61.9 liters per piece of cloth. You can imagine the amount of wastewater that will occur. In this study using a phytoremediation model with 3 tanks made of multilevel arranged glass. The phytoremediation model becomes his choice, simple technology, inexpensive, and even ordinary people can easily carry out its operations. Phytoremediation is the processing of pollutants using plants that are able to live in polluted environments with high concentrations of pollutants. The use of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes plants are choice in phytoremediation. The research have been made on Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes in reducing pollutants in batik wastewater. The parameters observed were ammonia and chromium (Cr). The results showed that plants can reduced ammonia levels by 78.36% with Eichhornia crassipes, and by 73.13% with Pistia stratiotes. The Eichhornia crassipes can reduce Cr by 63.76% and Pistia stratiotes plants can reduce by 83.39%. In connection with the results of the study, it can be concluded that Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes plants can reduce pollutants in batik wastewater.

Keywords
phytoremediation, batik, wastewater

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KHDaTZykqj63

Corresponding Author
Hanifa Marisa

Institutions
Biology Dept of Sriwijaya Universiity

Abstract
The cutting propagation experiment of ‘South East Asia Sakura- tree (Cratoxylum formosum) Hanifa Marisa1 and Dhea Ramadhani Putri2 1, 2 Biology Department, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sriwijaya University (E-mail: gmdiqhan2002@yahoo.com) This research began about two months ago, after a student of Biology Deaprtment contact the main author, about a kind of small treegrowth around Sriwijaya University campus area is blooming its flowers. The flowers were so amazing pinky beautiful and made the student remember on Sakura flower from Japan. Background: Identification of those flowers tree, found that the species is Cratoxylum formosum, a member of family Hypericaceae. Its growth wild in South East Asia, include Indralaya, South Sumatra. Some questions emerged in the mind about those trees, wether it could be propagated via cutting and what kind of growth medium good for cutting reproductive type; black garden soil or sandy soil. To answer above questions, the experiment was done at Biology Deaprtment Green House, Indralaya, during August 2019 until early November 2019. Aims: the aims of study were to know wether Cratoxylum formosum stems could be growth for reproductive goal and what kind of soil type that good for its bud growth. Materials and Methods: 36 sticks of Cratoxylum formosum stem about 1-2 cm diameter size and 25 cm lenght, were planted in three kind of growth medium; garden soil, sandy soil and clay soil in polybags. All of cutted stem were watering systematically everyday, and the existency of bud were noted every week during three weeks. Number of budded stems percentage were counted and the long of bud were measured. Results: Two weeks experiment done, two of 12 sticks / stems were budded. Three of them were budded after three weeks. All of budded stems came from garden soil treatment. Three weeks after planting, emerging bud has five leaves and 2,5 cm lenght. Conclusion: Cratoxylum formosum tree coud be propagated by cutting system, used garden soil medium growth, and bud were emerged since two weeks after planting. Figure 1. Budded stem and the size (week-2) Figure2. Budded week-3

Keywords
Ceratoxylum formosum, bud, medium, sandy soil, garden soil and hypericaceae

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/mDC2ny7pEfrq

Corresponding Author
Devi Dwi Siskawardani

Institutions
Department of Food Technology, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA.

Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) admits herbal medicines as valuable and available resource for Primary Health Care (Tilburt and Kaptchuk, 2008). Moringa oleifera is an substantial food commodity which had enormous attention as ‘the tropics natural nutrition-. The leaves, fruit, flowers and immature pods commonly are used as a highly nutritive vegetable, particularly in India, Pakistan, Philippines, and several countries in Africa (Anwar and Bhanger, 2003; Anwar et al., 2005). Moringa oleifera proven to have multi-system effects in the human body (Ghasi et al., 2000). It becomes a famous herb in the community, but it is insufficient scientific evidence to explain the mechanism and validate its efficacy apparent uses. Moringa oleifera is rich in compounds containing the simple sugar, rhamnose called glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (Bennett et al., 2003). The previous study proved that Moringa leaves contains β-carotene, vitamin C, protein, calcium and potassium which act as good natural antioxidants sources. Thus it was able to enhance the shelf-life of fat foods due to the presence of various types of antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, and carotinoids (Dillard and German, 2000; Anwar et al., 2005; Makkar and Becker, 1996). The high concentrations of ascorbic acid, oestrogenic and β-sitosterol, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, B and C, riboflavin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, β- carotene, protein, and in particular essential amino acids (methionine, cystine, tryptophan and lysine) present in Moringa leaves made it a virtually ideal dietary supplement (Makkar and Becker, 1996). Drying refers to a process of water removed and decreasing of herbs moisture content, which aimed to prevent microbial and enzymatic activity, consequently product preservation for extend shelf life. The weight and volume reduction of plant will give positive consequences for distribution and storage. Nowadays, consumers are more concerned about healthy lifestyle, the demands for natural and safe herbs are enhancing. Nevertheless, it was very little known about the Moringa leaves phytochemical components based on different drying methods and temperature. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of drying process (method and temperature) on antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids content, and color of Moringa leaves. Antioxidant Activity The drying temperature gave very significant effect (p  1%) on antioxidants activity, phenolic of Moringa leaves. Accrording Chithiraikumar (2017) DPPH assay is a simple, acceptable and most widely used technique to evaluate the radical scavenging potency of plant extracts (its absorption spectrum at 515–528 nm) when it accepts a free radical species. The antioxidant activity was highly loss in oven drying than cabinet dryer treatment. Intense thermal process also might cause significant loss in antioxida

Keywords
Moringa, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, color, drying

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NVYJ63AUMET2

Corresponding Author
Ayu Suci Wulandari

Institutions
a) Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA.
*ayuwulan797[at]gmail.com
b) Agrotechnology Innovation Centre (AIC), Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Tanjung Tirto, Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55573, INDONESIA.

Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes is one of the most prominent kind of pests in garlic which be able to cause large losses in agricultural production. The development of parasitic nematodes is influenced by various factors, including abiotic factors. The research was carried in sub-Laboratory Nematology, Department of Pest and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada from January to June 2019. This study aims to determine three things: the types of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations, the effect of abiotic factors on the abundance of parasitic nematodes in garlic, and the diversity and dominance of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations in Central Java Province. Sampling was carried out in four cities: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, in which all are locate in Central Java and the elevation are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The isolation-Extraction of nematodes from soil samples was carried out using a modification of the whitehead tray method, while the isolation-extraction of nematodes from plant tissues (roots and tubers) was carried out by incubation method. Data were analyzed using a correlation test and regression to determine the relationship between pH, temperature, C-organic and C/N ratio with the population abundance of parasitic nematodes. The analysis was conducted using Ms. Excel. Diversity of parasitic nematodes garlic in various elevations were analyzed using the Index Shannon-Winner. The results showed that there were five parasitic nematodes genera in garlic, namely Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Pratylenchus sp.. The symptoms of garlic infected with parasitic nematodes include tubers experiencing discoloration to dark, nearly black; yellowing on the leaves; stunting of plants; and rolling leaves. Abiotic factors such as temperature has a positive influence on the abundance of Helicotylenchus sp., pH has a positive influence on the abundance of Pratylenchus sp., C-organic and C/N ratio has a positive effect on the abundance of Pratylenchus sp.. The diversity index of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations is relatively low, ranging from 0,90-1,36. The dominance of parasitic nematodes in garlic at various elevations varies at the elevations >1600 masl, 1201-1400 masl and <1000 masl, the dominating parasitic nematodes are Ditylenchus sp., at elevations 1401-1600 masl, the predominant parasitic nematodes are Helicotylenchus sp., and at the elevation of 1000-1200 masl, the dominating parasitic nematodes are Pratylenchus sp..

Keywords
abiotic factors, elevation, garlic, parasitic nematodes

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pGvRejg42XCB

Corresponding Author
Linlin Parlinah

Institutions
Agriculture Faculty of Universitas Winaya Mukti, Indonesia

Abstract
This article presents the effect of the concentration of gibberellin (GA3) and paclobutrazol on the growth and yield and produces sprouted tubers of Solanum tuberosum varieties of granola in vitro. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with two factors and two replications. The first factor is Gibberellins (g) with five level of factors there is, g0 = 0,0 mg L-1, g1 = 0.05 mg L-1, g2 = 0.1 mg L-1, g3 = 0.15 mg L-1, g4 = 0.2 mg L-1 and second factor Paclobutrazol (p) with five level of factors there is, p0 = 0,0 mg L-1, p1 = 2.5 mg L-1, p2 = 5 mg L-1, p3 = 7.5 mg L-1 and p4 = 10 mg L-1. The results showed that there was an interaction between the concentration of gibberellins and paclobutrazol on the growth and yield of potato plantlets of Solanum tuberosum L. varieties of granola in vitro and on observations of plant height but not on the number of leaves, number of shoots and micro bulbs. Gibberellins concentrations of 0.2 mg L-1 without Paclobutrazol good results for plant growth. Gibberellins concentrations 0.15 mg L-1 and paclobutrazol 5.0 mg L-1 can produce good sprouted tubers.

Keywords
gibberellins; paclobutrazol ; potatoes granola in vitro

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8MT3bKwhJBrc

Corresponding Author
Ary Bakhtiar

Institutions
UMM

Abstract
According to (almuarief, 2016), the concept of green marketing was introduced by Bell, Emeri, and Feldman since 1971. One company that applies go green and cares about the environment is Starbucks. Starbuckss concern for the environment is Starbucks policy regarding minimizing the use of tumblers, recycling the tumblers used, and using recycled materials at Starbucks outlets. The purpose of this research is (1) To determine the effect of green marketing on Starbucks Coffee brand image in Malang (2) To determine the effect of green marketing on buying the interest of Starbuck Coffee in Malang City (3) To determine the effect of brand image on buying the interest of Starbuck Coffee in Malang City. This research was conducted at Starbucks Malang City Point and Starbucks Araya City in March-July 2019. The object of this research was a brand image (X1 green marketing (X2) and buying interest (Y). Data analysis used was using descriptive qualitative analysis, reliability test analysis and path analysis The research results obtained (1) Green Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image (2) Green Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Interest (3) Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Buy Interest

Keywords
green marketing, product image, interest in buying

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HLBDkJQgd39N

Corresponding Author
Ir. Abdul Malik, MP

Institutions
Department of Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The objective of the study was to effect of isoflavone soy sauce by-product (ISSBP) on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and clinical blood parameters of laying hens. Experimental animals were 480 birds of 20-week old laying hens of Isa Brown strain, with initial body weight was 1,754 ± 42 g. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and six replications (20 birds each). The treatments were dietary inclusion levels of isoflavone soy sauce by- product as follows: ISSBP0 = without isoflavones, ISSBP40 = 40 mg/100g, ISSBP80 = 80 mg/100g, and ISSBP120 = 120 mg/100 g feed. Dietary treatments were given for 10 weeks from week 20 until 30- week old. Parameters observed were MDA, biochemical blood parameters. Data of statistically analysed. ISSBP significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the levels of MDA, total cholesterol, the low density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL/-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and mortality rate. ISSBP significantly decreased hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocyte count and lymphocytes (P<0,05). There were no statistically significant changes in protein and HDL (P>0.05). Conclusion: ISSBP supplementation in feed can reduce oxidative stress and improve the blood biochemistry of laying hens. Optimal ISSBP supplementation in the feed is 80 mg / 100 g.

Keywords
iso flavonoid

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xLzrHWA8j6gN

Corresponding Author
Nur Ocvanny Amir

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
The ease of marketing products through online media, as well as the many benefits provided by online media such as broader market coverage, lower costs, 24-hour internet operating hours, and enabling closer and intense communication between business actors and consumers. This study aims to determine the effect of e-commerce promotion on purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction after purchasing Flowins products. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a total of 80 respondents, the analysis used was quantitative descriptive and path analysis. The results obtained from this study indicate that the variables used show some results that have a significant effect and some do not have a significant effect. Purchasing decisions in general are not only based on promotional activities on social media and e-mail marketing only, but also can come from other factors other than those variables that can influence purchasing decisions. Interaction factors have the biggest influence on consumers of Flowins product purchasing decisions. While information quality factors have the biggest influence on Flowins consumer satisfaction.

Keywords
Consumer Satisfaction, Effect of Promotion, Flowins Products, Purchasing Decisions

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/j2cbPkDg3x9C

Corresponding Author
Indah Prihartini

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Based on this research from Prihartini, (2007a) found three isolates lignochlorin that have high potential in growth, production and enzyme activity, and specifically degrade lignin and organochlorin, grow well in the media are natural carriers of rice straw. But each also has the capability of microbial biodegradation of lignin is different, it is influenced by the composition and structure of lignin in plant cell walls and the ability lignolitik oxidative enzymes produced by microbes (Prihartini, 2008). Third lignochloritik bacterial isolates that have the nature of facultative anaerobic bacteria that can live in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions also can live inside or outside the body of cattle, bacterial growth is also high so that it can be used as probiotics and can be introduced into the rumen to improve the digestibility of nutrients in the rumen and the ability to digest lignocellulosic material (Prihartini, 2007b). The aims of this research were to know the effect of supplementation lignolitic probiotic in rice straw on gas production, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using in vitro residual gas production and to know using the optimal lignolitic probiotic in rice straw The method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 groups. The treatments were P0: rice straw + 0% probiotic level; P1: rice straw + 0.5% probiotic level; P2: rice straw + 1.0% probiotic level; and P3: rice straw + 1.5% probiotic level. In-vitro gas production was observed at incubated for 2. 4. 8. 16. 24. 36. 48. 72 and 96 hours, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using in vitro residual gas production were observed at 96 hours incubation period. The result showed that treatment high significantly effected (P<0.01) on gas production, digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The gas production at 96 hours incubation for P3 (73.86 ml/500mg DM) was higher than for control P0 (67.38 ml/500mg DM) and another treatment. The dry matter and organic matter digestibility at the end of incubation for P3 (43.56% and 48.41%) were higher than for control P0 (33.80% and 37.56%) and another treatment. The highest efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was P3 (34.26 g N/kg BOTR) at 96 hour incubation. Degradation of lignin in the rumen is very limited and only a small portion of rumen microbial compound that has the ability to transform not condensed lignin (Kanahau, 2005). Presence of laccase enzyme in the lignolitic probiotic, was able to break the bond of lignocellulose in the rumen which increases digestibility. Residue digestibility of gas production is dry matter and organic matter fermented in the rumen to use for microbial synthesis protein. Based on the results we can conclude that: Addition of lignolitic probiotics in rice straw can increase gas production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis at 96 hou

Keywords
lignolitic probiotic, invitro, microbial protein synthesis

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kTW2jYpzQVEU

Corresponding Author
Moh Abduh

Institutions
a. University of Muhammadiyah Malang
b. University of Brawijaya

Abstract
The head loss in nonlinear bend caused due to the friction of the wall of bend (Li) and changes in the angle slices of bend (alpha). The elements that influence are velocity (U) number of slices (n), the average length of nonlinear walls (Li), angle changes of slices of bend (alpha), friction coefficients (f), gravitational acceleration (g) and pipes slope (I). Equation 12 gives an overview of the analysis by this research model. The results of the analysis of the equation following the hypothesis made that the discharge and diameter of the pipe are fixed and gives treatment to the number of slices the result that the more the number of slices the value of the coefficient of head loss is getting smaller. When inlet flow passes through the bend, changes in direction and collisions of water particles cause turbulence until the downstream of the bend are quite long and affected by the initial velocity. This method expected to provide optimal benefits related in piping networks, especially main networks with a large diameter of pipes. The head is measurable, fast, easy, and economical in implementation.

Keywords
nonlinear bend; flow direction change; head loss; the numbers of the slice (n)

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JRUVnZhDWTgy

Corresponding Author
Titin Herawati

Institutions
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
Background: Cimanuk River is one of the biggest river in West Java. Therefore, the Cimanuk Watershed was dumped and become a reservoir named Jatigede Reservoir. Certainly, Jatigede Reservoir affects fish habitat that lives in Cimanuk River especially because of the flowing (lotik) to stagnant (lentik) ecosystem change. Indirectly, Jatigede Reservoir will also change the water quality of Cimanuk River especially in the outlet or Jatigede Reservoir disposal area. In same research case also shows that there was a population decrease on Chitala sp population species and several original and economic fish species in Kampar Riau River caused by Kutopanjang Reservoir construction [1]. Therefore, a research to decide the food habits, niche breadth and trophic level of fish communities toward the source of the natural food availability in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir outlet is needed. This research was started from May until September 2018, located in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir, West Java Aims: This research aims to determine the food habits, nice breadth and trophic level of fish communities in River Cimanuk at the outlet of Jatigede Reservoir. Materials and Methods: The materials used in the research were the fish sample, plankton sample and benthos sample. The method used in this research was survey method and it was analyzed by descriptive quantitative and descriptive comparative methods. The parameters used in this research include physical parameter such as temperature, current speed and transparency of light, along with chemistry, include pH and DO. The food habits identification, the parameters used include plankton abundance [2], benthos abundance[3], index of preponderance[4], niche breadth[5], and troph rate [6]. Results: The abundance of fitoplankton in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet is approximately 56.349 ind/L - 499.0494 ind/L ind/L. Fitoplankton with Staurastrum genera has the most abundance. Benthos abundance in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir outlet area are approximately in between 44 ind/m 2 –89 ind/m 2 . The highest abundance population is Goniobasis genera of Gastropoda class. The type of fish found in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet Area consist of 6 families, 9 genera and 10 species. The composition of fish food found in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlert is presented in Figure 1. Every type of fish has their own ability to utilize natural food that available in the nature. The study to describe the amount of proportion of food source utilize by one type of fish is niche breadth. The niche breadth of fish in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet shows in Table 1. Conclusion: Fish in Cimanuk River at Jatigede Reservoir Outlet almost all has a high selectivity in utilizing natural source of food, it show the different with fish in Jatigede Reservoir that has low selectivity in utilizing natural source of food. Jatigede reservoir dam make habitat fragme

Keywords
cimanuk river, food habits, jatigede reservoir, niche breadth, trophic level.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tLCrmQFwGE4W

Corresponding Author
Harun Rasyid

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Soybean seeds have a shelf life of 6 months with storage at room temperature with a water content of 8-12%. The high content of protein and fat cause soybean seeds to experience rapid decline, especially if the storages environmental conditions are not favorable, allowing the process of deteriorating the seeds to be faster. The research was conducted at the Orchids Farm Green House at Dau, Malang and Agronomys Laboratory at Univesity of Muhammadiyah Malang by using completely random Design Completely Random Factorial Design at Laboratory and Randomized Compete Block Factorial Design at Field with two factors that has 3 repetations. First factor is using some invigoration techniques (P), such as; (P1) control, (P2) hydropriming aquadest, (P3) matriconditioning the charcoal of rice husk ash, (P4) matriconditioning+Trichoderma harzianum, (P5) osmoconditioning 0,01 m mol GA3 (P6) osmoconditioning 0,01 mMol GA3+0,1 mMol NAA. Second factor is priming duration (L); (L1) 6 hours , (L2) 12 hours, (L3) 24 hours. The data of observation result was analyzed using varience analysis and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance levet of 5%. The results showed that the interaction of treatments between invigoration techniques and immersion time significantly affected the seed vigor index, plant growth speed, root length, number of leaves both field test and laboratory test, number of flowers per plant, flowering age, number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant, especially in the treatment interactions (matriconditioning + Trichoderma harzianum) both either L1, L2, and L3 treatments provide a real and effective influence in increasing seed viability and vigor and plant growth. The invigoration technique given to the seeds had a very significant effect on almost all research variables, especially the matriconditioning + Trichoderma harzianum technique. The duration of immersion with a period of 12 hours is a treatment that provides effective results.

Keywords
Deteriration, Soaking, Growth.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jvedFkJu8TzB

Corresponding Author
Kiman Siregar

Institutions
1. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University and Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN), Indonesia
2. PT. Enerba Teknologi
3. Department of Agricultural Industry Technology, Serambi Mekkah University, Indonesia and CV.Mitra Suplindo Pertanian
4. Centre for Agro-Based Industry, Ministry of Industry Indonesia, Indonesia
5. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University
6. Centre for Agro-Based Industry, Ministry of Industry Indonesia, Indonesia
7. Department of Agricultural Engineering of Syah Kuala University

Abstract
New energy and renewable widely available in indonesia one of them is the biomass that can be used with of gasification technology. Biomass is organic matter to which derived from biological materials. An example of biomass that can be used among the other corn cobs , the fruit of candlenut , biomass of timber trees in the forest , the meadow , bunches of empty palm oil , the kneecap coconut , and others. In this research, system integration gasification with gas engine which work more properly with CO and H2 was used. one of the advantages of this biomass power plant is that it has a smaller environmental impact compared to other types of plants, such as coal-fired power plants, diesel power plants, and others. Therefore to ensure how much potential environmental impacts are generated, it is necessary to calculate quantitatively through the life cycle assessment method. This research aim to calculate impact assessment on electricity production from a Biomass Power Plant system through a life cycle assessment with boundary cradle to gate in Indonesia.

Keywords
Power plant biomass, life cycle assessment, impact assessment, global warming potential, energy consumption

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kTjXxf6GRQDB

Corresponding Author
Asmawati Asmawati

Institutions
a, b). Food Processing of Technology
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram
Jl. K. H. Ahmad Dahlan No. 1 Pagesangan Mataram 83127, NTB-Indonesia.

Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple are rich in nutritional value, especially vitamine C and bioactive compounds such as tannins that are very beneficial to support health. This research aims to find out the effects of cashew apple juice of lipid profile and its potential as an anti-Hypercholesterol agent. In this study used experimental animals in the form of male Whistar Rats Type (Rattus norvegicus) as much as 21 rats are divided into 3 groups and each group consists of 7 rats were fed with AIN 76 diet for 28 days, given the treatment of cashew apple fruit juice 2 ml, 2 times a day by were force-fed and as control treatment is given only drinking aquabides. The results showed that cashew apple juice was influential for the lipid profile of the whistar rats experiment, potentially as an anti-Hypercholesterol agent by lowering total cholesterol levels (6.37-7.16)%, Trigeliserida (9,71-10,76)% LDL-Cholesterol (11,19-13,37)% and increased cholesterol levels of HDL (6,10-6.46)%.

Keywords
Keywords: cashew apple juice,Anacardium occidentale L., Anti-Hypercholesterol, Rattus norvegicus

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4cKXYeMzuRFN

Corresponding Author
Syarifah Ashmi Izzatunnisa

Institutions
University Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Abstract
This study aimed to figure out the internal and external factors, development strategies, alternative strategies, and priority strategies that could be applied in developing orange farming in Karangcengis village, Bukateja district, Purbalingga regency. The descriptive method was used in this study which was carried out by survey technique. The data were analyzed by using SWOT analysis (IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, SWOT Matrix, QSP Matrix). The results indicated that the main strength was that farmers had the ability to cultivate oranges, and the weakness was less quality of the oranges because of the old orange trees. The opportunity was that the marketing of oranges has reached outside the region, and the threat was that the farmers were easy to get replacement goods. The alternative strategies included utilizing market opportunities by increasing productivity and increasing the quality of oranges, expanding marketing areas and attracting new consumers, optimizing the role of government by rejuvenating orange trees through local extension workers, increasing technical capabilities in orange cultivation, increasing supervision in maintenance of orange trees, improving technology to optimize productivity. Strategy priorities that can be applied in the efforts to develop orange farming in Karangcengis village, Bukateja district, Purbalingga regency by mastering market opportunities and increasing supervision in maintaining orange trees.

Keywords
strategy, orange, SWOT analysis, QSPM

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/czejhLTM67Hr

Corresponding Author
Rika Diananing Putri

Institutions
a*) Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Wiraraja. Jl. Raya Sumenep-Pamekasan KM. 05, Sumenep, East Java 69451. *amiliadestryana[at]gmail.com
b) Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Wiraraja. Jl. Raya Sumenep-Pamekasan KM. 05, Sumenep, East Java 69451

Abstract
Sumenep regency is one of salt centers in Indonesia. The problem that experienced by farmers is production process of salt and the low price, caused by worse business management. Salt is potential coomodity, because salt market is still wide open especially for industrial salt. This research aims to develop the salt production method and development strategy of salt business in Sumenep Regency by using SWOT analysis. The result of the analysis concludes that the priority of salt development business strategy in Sumenep Regency are: a) Geo-isolator technology application strategy to produce good quality of salt; b) cooperation strategy in group mechanism to build power and increasing the bargaining value of the farmers; c) capital strengthening strategy through partner cooperatives; d) broader marketing management management strategies to industrial salt user sectors.

Keywords
Development, Strategy, Production Method, Salt, Sumenep

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yQAXL47mrbvz

Corresponding Author
Imam Suswoyo

Institutions
Faculty of Animal Science Unsoed
Purwokerto

Abstract
Global warming brings about increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Design based on factorial pettern. The treatment was dose of natural/home made and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 and 600 mg/kg feed. Thus there were 4 treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated 5 times, as a result there were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1,000 ducks involved. The treatment was applied for two months. Parameters observed were (1) duck welfare based on H/L ratio; (2) egg production consisted of (a) Duck Day Production, and (b) egg weight. This study concluded that administration of combination between homemade probiotic and vitamin C at 600 mg/kg feed significantly increased duck welfare and egg production but did not affect egg weight.

Keywords
ducks, intensive, probiotic, antioxidants, global warming.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HmQ6cMBpdX7W

Corresponding Author
Wahidin Nuriana

Institutions
Merdeka University of Madiun

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain a natural textile dye taken from the sap from the banana tree part. To obtain the yield yield of dyes and the intensity of the sap collection is done by maceration extraction process. The part of the banana tree taken by the sap is the stem, stem and fruit stalk. This research was conducted with the sorting stage, namely thinly slicing stems, midribs and fruit stalks. The results of sorting are dried in the sun for 5 days in the sun then crushed until smooth with a size of 60-80 mesh. The powder was extracted by maceration by immersing each stem, stem and fruit stalk with soaking media: aquades, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate for 5 days with manual stirring. The filtrate is distilled so that it gets concentrated liquid and in the oven to become a dye powder. In the powder, yield and color testing are done using a spectrophotometer. The most optimal yield produced is on the banana fronds with methanol media. The most optimal color intensity obtained in banana fronds with ethanol maceration media.

Keywords
banana tree, maceration extraction, gum, coloring agent

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XQ6TAhyFBZtw

Corresponding Author
wehandaka pancapalaga

Institutions
The Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, INDONESIA

Abstract
Slaughterhouse waste can cause environmental problems. One of them is the contents of cows rumen which is generally thrown away without being utilized. The contents of the cows rumen contain a lot of enzymes besides that it contains a number of potential bacteria as bioactivators in the process of making goat feces fertilizer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of goat feces fertilizer which was fed to the rumen of cattle. The materials used are goat feces and cow rumen contents. The research method uses a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The percentage treatment of cows rumen contents is different, namely 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The parameters measured: levels of N, P, K, organic C, C / N and water content. The results showed that the addition of rumen content in the manufacture of goat feces fertilizer had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on organic C content, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and C / N values, but did not affect (P> 0.05) potassium value and water content. The results obtained by the addition of 15% rumen content in the manufacture of goat feces fertilizer will provide 41.19% organic C levels, Phosphorus 0.15%, 1.59% Nitrogen, and C / N values of 25.05%. The quality of goat feces fertilizer produced has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004. Conclusion that the provision of rumen contents can increase the P, Nitrogen, C organic content and reduce the C / N value in the manufacture of our feces fertilizer

Keywords
Fertilizers, goat feces, Rumen contents, fertilizer quality

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9axkwJXfp7Y3