Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Fitri Rofiyarti

Institutions
Universitas Narotama

Abstract
Understanding of gender in the child development process is constructed strongly by their environment, including the media that they consumed every day. Upin and Ipin, a remarkable animation from Malaysia as one of favorite animation in Indonesia can-t be denied has big influences to their audiences. In spite of their educative and humorous stories, this animation provokes an anxiety when Upin and Ipin shows a character named Kak Sally or Saleh, a male who has an attitude like a female. Portrayed in that ‘female like- behavior, Upin and Ipin displays well another phenomena related to gender to the children within Kak Sally-s character. Through qualitative method, this research will interview 4-6 years old children and analyze their perception to this kind of different behavior related to the gender issues and the implication like how they will treat their peers who behave like Kak Sally in the real life.

Keywords
gender, perception, animation

Topic
Gender Issues in Early Childhood and Parenting Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vFAV28nHb3mU

Corresponding Author
ASIH NUR ISMIATUN

Institutions
(a)(b)IKIP SILIWANGI BANDUNG
Jalan Terusan Jenderal Sudirman Cimahi 40526. KONTAK. Phone : +62 (22) 665 86 80. Fax : +62 (22) 662 99 13

Abstract
Inclusive education is a real evidence that there is no discrimination in education. The government through regulations has demonstrated support for the implementation of inclusive education at all education levels in Indonesia. That means that inclusive education must also be applied in early childhood education. Therefore, all components involved in early childhood education must be prepared to accept and implement an inclusive education system. Qualitative approach chosen to examine the extent of randomly selected in three provinces (Central Java, East Java and West Java) in implementing inclusive education. Fifteen early childhood education teachers involved in this research. Interviews were conducted with the fifteen teachers. This study identify how teachers understand the implementation of inclusive education, the challenges and obstacles they face in their implementation, and their expectations for better inclusive education. These findings show that all early childhood education understand the importance of inclusive education but not all have accepted children with special needs, limited teacher competency in dealing with children with special needs and the lack skill of making curriculum also a major challenge in implementing inclusive education. The more real government support is needed, such as to hold an inclusive education training to improve teachers competence.

Keywords
inclusive education, inclusive early childhood education

Topic
Access, Participation and Quality of Early Childhood Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UJVk6y8BTrtG

Corresponding Author
Zuraida Murdia Hamdie

Institutions
ADARO FOUNDATION

Abstract
Adaro Foundation has conducted Early Childhood Education (ECE) Quality Enhancement Program from 2017 – 2018 in the operational area of Adaro Group (South and Central Kalimantan) with focus on Character-Based Holistic Education (CBHE). The Program involved 63 ECE schools selected from 128 ones assessed with tight parameter by Adaro Foundation together with its partner, Indonesia Heritage Foundation (IHF). The program is implemented by IHF for 3 years under Adaro Foundation-s supervision. At least 2 teachers from selected ECE schools were trained intensively to understand and be ready to implement CBHE. The teachers- performance change were measured using 14 indicators divided into 5 levels of ECE management performance improvement category. Monitoring result shows that even though almost all program outputs have been delivered in the forms of teachers capacity building (100%), learning facility support (75%), and facilitating ECE community (100%), 28,57% teachers were not able to understand CBHE concept and how to teach it. The inefficiency of this program was also contributed by parents- and elementary school teachers- opinion that ECE students should be able to read, write, and count (14,29%), internal conflicts (6,35%), lack of learning facilities (6,35%), the influence of local community and culture (6,35%), the trained teachers quit or were moved (4,76%), and teachers- expectation for incentive (3,17%). There were 78% ECE schools which successfully raised to level 5, 17% to level 4, while only 5% raised to level 3. By using the tight monitoring system with measured parameter and indicator, Adaro Foundation could evaluate the program from the previous year and formulate improvement steps which focused on each ECE schools.

Keywords
Early Childhood Education, Character Education, Character-Based Holistic Education, Corporate Social Responsibility, Program Implementation Monitoring

Topic
Character Education for Early Year Children

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GrqLu9Ww2zQt

Corresponding Author
Wulan Patria Saroinsong

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
Abstract-- This study has the purpose to obtained that parent perceive on the digital advancement era in the meantime its impact on childrens social skills. In 4.0 Era, the younger generation is prompted to use gadget more often. it happen in this digital era when Children play with gadgets sitting or lying down at home and worse of all, apart from lacking in physical activity, and they only communicate with the apps screen rather than with their parents. In addition, the parents are crucial in nurturing preschoolers during the early stage of their development. In order to find out the prevalence of parents perceive on childrens social skills, The survey study has applied using the parents and their children in East Java as the participants. This study revealed that gadget excessive uses give the worse impact on childrens social skill and physical growth. Most of parents perceive gadget has decrease children social skill but they couldnt overcome the excessive gadget on their children. Regarding the implications, this survey has implications in early childhood activity through physical as well as social activity. Additionally parenting has the crucial implications in order that to be aware and taking actions to make the time management for children activity and explore their social ability.

Keywords
Parent Perceive, digital advancement, early childhood, social skills

Topic
Digital Advancement in Early Childhood Education and Parenting

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cNkFJ86wTMpD

Corresponding Author
Sri widayati Sri widayati

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract
abstract- This paper seeks to foreground the role of traditional children-s games as indigenous ways of learning more than digital game. The motivation to carry out such study comes from a noticeable growing interest in indigenous knowledge systems. The approach method for this study by using an online questionnaire to reveal the profile regarding the prevalence of children traditional game which exist in the digital era. The result shows that eighty three percent the influences of the traditional game on children-s doing physics activities and seventy seven percent on mental specially doing corporation with others. Eventually, the digital era can be balance within their activities and knowledge regarding technology without a stay on it. Therefore children can explore their parts larger the digital world on a gadget.

Keywords
Traditional Game, self-Autonomous, children

Topic
Digital Advancement in Early Childhood Education and Parenting

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4kCgEF8jDMdy

Corresponding Author
Nindyah Rengganis

Institutions
ECCD RC Yogyakarta
Early Childhood Care and Development Resource Center

Abstract
Early stimulation is really needed for the early childhood phase, to all children around the country. Home-based parenting as an action for parents to promote early stimulation outside of preschool is often an efficient way for low-income parents and also parents who lived in remote-area. This research article comes from the best practices of home-based parenting in early childhood practiced in ECCD-RC Yogyakarta-s Program in South Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia. The result of the documentation of best practices showed how parents (especially mothers) can practice easy and also cheap resources around their home to give early stimulation for their children. They also encouraged to use local material and simple resources in their houses to give early stimulation. Since they have a cultural way to work in their home and in the jungle, and during that time they also accompanied by their families, so they also could be doing home-based parenting based on their daily activities. The quality time of communication between mothers and their children also increased. This article also will discuss the effect of the self-concept of being a mother who has limited access to resources but has the main role to give early stimulation for their children.

Keywords
home-based parenting, parenting, early stimulation, community based parenting, Papuan

Topic
Early Childhood Education and Parenting in Preparing School Readiness

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gPAKpjZkfnB3

Corresponding Author
Nindyah Rengganis

Institutions
ECCD RC Yogyakarta
Early Childhood Care and Development Resource Center
Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
An inclusive classroom is not only about building respect towards children with special needs, it is also about building respect towards children with various background, including children with different religion. Every child, in this era of global interconnection, would benefit from learning about the religions in their community. By implementing interfaith education with pupils from different religious backgrounds, children will learn to critically reflect on their own thoughts and experiences relating to religious identity and differences and learn to interact with others on these matters. The implementation of interfaith education in ECE promote a dialogue between children and also indirectly influence their parents, where in the end this will build a more tolerance community. This research article comes from the best practice of interfaith education in ECE practiced in Labschool Rumah Citta. By qualitative method through documentation of best practices study, the result showed how schools can negotiate the tension between the demand from parents to develop their child-s religious identity where in the same time building a dialogue between children with different faiths. This article also will discuss the effects of interfaith education on children from majority and minority religions and how the interfaith education can reduce religious intolerance.

Keywords
interfaith education, religious tolerance

Topic
Character Education for Early Year Children

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xYHZGgAyJRba

Corresponding Author
Marina Trie Ramadhany Gunawan

Institutions
Postgraduate of Early Childhood Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia (naramadhany.gunawan[at]gmail.com)

Lecture of Postgraduate of Early Childhood Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia (haniyulindra[at]upi.edu)

Lecture of Postgraduate of Early Childhood Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia (vina[at]upi.edu)

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the gender construction process that is carried out through blocks learning media. The researcher examines the blocks learning media which always considers to stimulate early childhood development, using the perspective of postdevelopmentalism. This article uses a directed ethnography research method, for about 2 months in kindergarten in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. Researchers found that children used blocks as one of the platforms to meet their understanding of gender. In this study, boys and girls make an understanding of what boys can do and girls cant do. This discusses making gender stereotypes about boys and girls. The stereotype can be one of the causes of the unequal access received by children. This of course also has implications for the lack of development or development skills developed in early childhood. Based on the findings of the researchers, the researchers found that teachers could have a higher awareness about the use of instructional media, one of which is a block for early childhood that is more gender equitable

Keywords
Blocks, Gender, Children, Picture

Topic
Gender Issues in Early Childhood and Parenting Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jwbmyNE7CaVu

Corresponding Author
Ayu Anandhika Septisari

Institutions
a) Yayasan Capella Project Indonesia
Taman Surya 5 Ruko Avenue Blok KK1 No. 57
Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat 11730, Indonesia
*ayuanandhika[at]gmail.com
b) Mataram University, Faculty of Medicine

Abstract
Background and Aims: Maternal and child health handbook (MCHH) is a home based health record and contains information of the mother throughout pregnancy until postnatal period as well as child health such growth monitoring. It ensures continuity of care and provides health education to parents. This study aimed to assess mothers practices of MCCH. Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in three stunting villages in Central Lombok. All mothers of children 6-12 months of age were enrolled to undergo mothers practices of MCHH questionnaire. Results: A total of 205 mothers participated in this study. Of that number 17 (8.29%) mothers had poor practice, 119 (58.05%) had fair practice, and 69 (33.66%) had good practice of MCCH. Only 37 (18.04%) mothers were always read the book, 45 mothers (21.95%) never had discussion with health workers about MCCH, 80 mothers (39.02%) were never gave complementary feeding based on MCCH recommendation, and 74 (36.09%) never did child stimulation based on MCCH. Implication: The MCHH is a superior alternative to continuum of care to ensure better health for mother and children especially in 1,000 days of life. Mothers practices of MCHH could be one of factors that affect child growth and development.

Keywords
maternal and child health; handbook; practice; child growth and development

Topic
The First 1,000 Days in Life

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WPxAkG3uEcDh

Corresponding Author
Faradila Bachmid

Institutions
Perkumpulan Literasi Sulut
PAUD Samratulangi
PAUD Taman Siswa
PAUD Ibu Pertiwi

Abstract
ABSTRACT Parents have only recently felt the importance of Early Childhood Education in the coastal and archipelago areas. Early childhood education is the key to the successful development of children in the future. In this research paper, the things that will be discussed are about the involvement of parents in the learning process of children (parenting), and what skills a child needs in kindergarten, as well as the ability of teachers to make books as creative and attractive learning media for children — developed through learning based on reading stories early on. Therefore, real and sustained emotional ties are established. In early childhood education, there is one of the essential skills possessed by children, because it becomes the primary determinant for success or failure of the school, namely the vocabulary of children before entering school. A schoolboy indeed learns new words, but the words he knows determines how well he can understand what his teacher is saying. because most instructions for the first four years of school take the form of oral, children who have the most extensive vocabulary will understand it faster, while children with minimal vocabulary are the most difficult children to digest the information obtained. Based learning to read stories early with the read-aloud method is an effective way to optimize the awareness of teachers and parents of their involvement in educating children. The usefulness in this method is more than just reading stories, but parents, teachers, and children spend time together loving and sharing each other. Especially for parents, teachers, and children in coastal and archipelago areas, the location and culture of this method is very appropriate to their character, where people who live near the coast tend to produce high-pitched and fast tones. so that this method can be applied in coastal and island areas. So in this study, the method to be used is action research, which aims to improve classroom learning by involving parents and teachers to read stories early on to children using the read-aloud method. The problem that will be discussed in this research is how to build emotional closeness between parents and children through the approach of reading stories early on ?.. What is the method used to make children happy when the teacher or parent reads the story?. What is the process of enhancing childrens understanding through learning to read stories by using read-aloud methods ?.. What is the result of the development of stimulus to read stories early on in the process of understanding learning in school ?... The usefulness of this research is that books become an attractive learning medium for children, making children have enough vocabulary so that children more easily digest information while learning in school through learning based on reading stories early on with the read-aloud method.

Keywords
The method of read aloud, coastal areas and islands

Topic
Early Childhood Education and Parenting in Preparing School Readiness

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rpqu72eTZLVt

Corresponding Author
Qonita Qonita

Institutions
a) Early Childhood Education Departement, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Kampus Tasikmalaya
Jalan Dadaha No.18 Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
qonita1993[at]student.upi.edu
b) Early Childhood Education Departement, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung 40154

Abstract
One of sustainable development target in education sector is to ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and preprimary education. The government must provide free and enforced preprimary education for at least one year with professional educators who can provide learning practices that can stimulate childrens development and accommodate the needs of sustainable development. One learning practices that meets those criteria is through science learning. This paper aims to portray factual conditions associated to achieve SDG targets. Four teachers from four different kindergartens in Tasikmalaya were selected to participate in this study. Data was collected by semi structured interviewed, and observation. The findings prove that the quantity of children participation in early childhood education has increased, but the supply of human resource has not well adjusted yet. The consequence teachers that involve in ECE do not have criteria of professionalism. Even the teachers who have professionalism criteria still face the problem in implementing the good quality learning especially in science. As teachers are a critical circumstance for guaranteeing quality education, teachers should be empowered, given training hat are equitable, sufficiently recruited and paid, professionally qualified, and sustained within well-resourced.

Keywords
Sustainable development, early science, science education, teachers competence

Topic
Access, Participation and Quality of Early Childhood Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rPZVNjJvuqW9

Corresponding Author
sharina munggaraning westhisi

Institutions
IKIP Siliwangi

Abstract
Industry revolution 4.0 encourages people to develop their skills, for instance literacy skills. English literacy is needed since people should be able to participate globally which might be commenced in Early Childhood Education (ECE). English instruction for non-native young learners needs numerous methods to deliver the materials in a proper way, purposely in pre-reading instruction for young learners in preparing school readiness. Pre-reading skill would be emphasised on introduction of English letter-s sound as a foundation in developing reading skill in the future. This article unpacks teaching practices in English pre-reading skill to young learners which involve children as a role model for their peers. It uses qualitative descriptive study which involves four and five year-old-children. It reveals that student-s interference in English instruction of pre-reading skill is able to assist them in comprehending concept of English letter-s sound, to increase the student-s confidence in learning English, to improve their fluency in English, and to create contextual environment of learning.

Keywords
English to young learners, Pre-reading, School readiness

Topic
Early Childhood Education and Parenting in Preparing School Readiness

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Ffe8pVBdM4KL

Corresponding Author
Heni Nafiqoh

Institutions
Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program IKIP Siliwangi Cimahi
Heni-Nafiqoh[at]ikipsiliwangi.ac.id;
Rohmalina[at]ikipsiliwangi.ac.id;
ifat-fatimah[at]ikipsiliwangi.ac.id

Abstract
Various methods are used as a learning effort that is fun for early childhood, but not yet optimal in its use. The purpose of this study is to obtain a picture and analyze differences in the results of creativity in children who learn the Hypnoteaching playing method, with children who learn by the usual method. So the focus of the problem in this research are: 1) Learning in PAUD still uses ordinary learning methods, causing a crisis of childrens creativity; 2) Not optimal use of the methods used in learning efforts that are fun for children; and 3) The lack of ability of some teachers to use the method is not appropriate for the age group of children. The specific target to be obtained is to strengthen the learning methods in order to develop childrens creativity. The research method used is Quasi Experiment using quantitative research approaches. The location and subjects studied were Tunas Siliwangi Integrated Early Childhood Education, 10 children aged 4-5 years, 10 control class children and 10 experimental class children. The data processing technique in this research is the use of Statistical Products and Solution Services (SPSS) software which is analyzed using t-test. The results of this study are the influence of the hypnoteaching playing method on creativity seen from the significance value smaller than 0.05 with an average value of improvement in the experimental class is 20.43734, while the control class is 18, 11057. The conclusion is the hypnoteaching playing method method influences the creativity of children aged 4-5 years.

Keywords
Hyphnoteaching playing method, creativity

Topic
Access, Participation and Quality of Early Childhood Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/26n3PAcjhpzL

Corresponding Author
NI NYOMAN AYU SUCIARTINI

Institutions
ITB STIKOM BALI
ISI DENPASAR

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore and revive local wisdom, especially in Bali which can rebuild character education that is instilled by parents in their children from an early age. Character building can be done in various ways. This includes presenting literary works that are loaded with norms and character values. The literary work Bibi Anu is one of the songs that has strong norms and character values. For that reason the writer will analyze the things contained in this poem that can be used as character education early on. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection uses the documentation method. Data analysis techniques with data reduction techniques, data analysis, and data presentation. The results of this study are the meaning of the song Bibi Anu is a picture of a journey to seek goodness by strengthening round determination, without being influenced by negative things, and always holding on to wisdom. The message and character values contained in the form of self-awareness, honesty, discipline, humility, preparedness, independence, hard work, and wise. Presenting and functioning of this work completely in terms of solace entertainment, character building, and as a messenger of peace is an obligation for all levels of society.

Keywords
education, character, poem Bibi Anu

Topic
Character Education for Early Year Children

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XuhVNzKM37AE

Corresponding Author
Sitora Nuralieva Amralievna

Institutions
Unversitas Pendidikan (UPI)

Abstract
How leadership influences student learning Effective education leadership makes a difference in improving learning. There-s nothing new or especially controversial about that idea. What-s far less clear, even after several decades of school renewal efforts, is just how leadership matters, how important those effects are in promoting the learning of all children, and what the essential ingredients of successful leadership are. Lacking solid evidence to answer these questions, those who have sought to make the case for greater attention and investment in leadership as a pathway for large-scale education improvement have had to rely more on faith than fact. All current school reform efforts aim to improve teaching and learning. But there are huge differences in how they go about it. Some reforms, for example, attempt to improve all schools in a district, state or country at the same time. Other reform attempt to influence the overall approach to teaching and learning within a school, but do so one school at a time. Still others, focused on innovative curricula (in science and mathematics, for example), typically address one part of a school-s program and aim for widespread implementation, while innovative approaches to instruction, such as cooperative learning, hope to change teachers- practices one teacher at a time. As different as these approaches to school reform are, however, they all depend for their success on the motivations and capacities of local leadership. The chance of any reform improving student learning is remote unless district and school leaders agree with its purposes and appreciate what is required to make it work. Local leaders must also, for example, be able to help their colleagues understand how the externally-initiated reform might be integrated into local improvement efforts, provide the necessary supports for those whose practices must change and must win the cooperation and support of parents and others in the local community. So “effective” or “successful” leadership is critical to school reform. This is why we need to know what it looks like and understand a great deal more about how it works.

Keywords
leadership effects

Topic
Leadership, Teachers and Educational Personnel

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yxQBrYa9ch38

Corresponding Author
Beatriks Novianti Bunga

Institutions
1. Early Childhood Education Department, Nusa Cendana University of Nusa Cendana, East Nusa Tenggara.
beatriks.bunga[at]staf.undana.ac id
2.Psychology Department, University of Nusa Cendana, East Nusa Tenggara

Abstract
Common parenting practices in Kupang city is harsh parenting. This type of parenting put less focus in understanding children-s opinion, feeling and hope. This study aims to explore children-s perception on their parents- parenting practice with three main objectives, what do they parents do when they do something wrong, what causes their parents to do that and what is their feeling and hope for their parents. Participants in this study recruited from 12 kindergartens in Kupang City. Data collection were done in two months using interview session on 52 boys and 68 girls aged five to six years old. Data were analysed using thematic analysis technique. Results shown that there are three main reactions from parents when their children made a mistake, that is physical punishment, verbal punishment, and permissive punishment. The antecendent of these responses identified are internal factors from the children (e.g. children refuses to eat or sleep) and external factors (e.g. parents under influence of alcohol, conflict between parents). Fathers, mothers and even other caregivers such as grandmothers are identified to be involved in harsh parenting. Children admitted several negative feelings such as feeling sad, alone, afraid and also often expressed their emotions in crying. There are six hopes from children for their parents, they long for physical contact, verbal expression, non verbal expression, spending time together, gifts and also they want nothing at all. Based on this study, parents in Kupang City could use more knowledge and skills to understand young children and how to discipline them without resorting to harsh parenting practices.

Keywords
Parenting, Children Perception

Topic
Early Childhood Education and Parenting in Preparing School Readiness

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6PnHhUTZ3K4u

Corresponding Author
Dhiya muthia mahardikawati

Institutions
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract
ABSTRACT GENDER CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS ON EARLY-CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTEN (An etnographic research on Early –Childhood Education in kindergarten in Bandung) Dhiya Muthia Mahardikawati, Hani Yulindrasari Gender construction in kindergarten can be seen through various things such as teacher treatment, teacher understanding and teacher habituation in schools. This study discusses the gender construction in kindergartens which is situational formed based on the restrictions and segregation of boys and girls. This research was conducted using the ethnographic focus method with an implementation time of approximately three months in a kindergarten in the city of Bandung. This study uses a gender perspective, and analysis of grounded theory. Researchers look at how habituation done at school can construct gender in children. The results of this study indicate that the binary gender construction that tends to differentiate the behavior of women and men is situational, because in certain circumstances schools also construct gender equality in which boys and girls are given equal opportunities in several ways. But there are still habits that have been applied to children and also continue to preserve the existing traditional gender with stereotypes prevailing in the surrounding environment. Of course, teachers in schools have a role in deconstructing traditional gender so that gender equality or equity can be more easily created in children at school. Key words: Gender, gender construction, gender streotype, habituation, boundaries

Keywords
Gender, gender construction,gender streotype, habituation,boundaries

Topic
Gender Issues in Early Childhood and Parenting Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FAqkVRUB2gnE

Corresponding Author
Ali Formen

Institutions
Department of Early Childhood Teacher Education Semarang State University

Abstract
In this paper, I demonstrate the insufficiency of developmental knowledge as the framework of early childhood education quality. For this purpose, I analyse two documents that currently govern the practice of Indonesian early childhood education, the Early childhood education standard and Early childhood education Curriculum 2013, focusing on their sections on developmental indicators and learning outcomes. While acknowledging that developmental knowledge is globally the dominant theoretical orientation that shapes the notion of “good” early childhood education, I argue that its use in Indonesian policy is problematic, at least, for the following three reasons. Firstly, an over-reliance on developmental knowledge has led to the absence of learning contents and outcomes that represent Indonesia-s national identity. An extreme example of this absence is the fact that no mention of the national philosophy Pancasila is made in both the Standard and Curriculum 2013 documents. Secondly, an over-reliance on developmentalism has disconnected the policy notion of quality early childhood education from the transformative vision of education in general. For example, even though contemporary early childhood practice has been influenced by such global agendas as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and sustainable future, both the Standard and Curriculum 2013 have no developmental indicators and learning outcomes that address them. Thirdly, the use of developmental knowledge has obscured the vision of technological advance that supposedly is a core ingredient of the notion of quality early childhood education. Contemporary Indonesian early childhood education has been overshadowed by the technological-industrial revolution discourse. Nevertheless, both the Standard and Curriculum 2013 documents have no adequate space to address this issue. For early childhood education is part of Indonesia-s national education system and considering the belief around its contribution to the creation of a brighter, sustainable future, it is important to include these three issues as parts into its notion of quality. One of the possible policy options to take at this stage is to formulate a set of learning contents and outcomes that directly represent children-s competencies around those issues to accompany the existing limited developmentalistic curriculum.

Keywords
developmental knowledge, early childhood education, policy, quality

Topic
Early Childhood Education Philosophies

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/abtJUHEx34nN

Corresponding Author
fitria Ulfah

Institutions
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract
Leadership is not an innate trait. Children need to be trained and taught to be a leader both for themselves and for others. Unfortunately, there has been an assumption, especially in Indonesian Muslim society at large, that boys should get leadership training more than girls since a leader is supposed to be a male. This gendered assumption would lead to lack of leadership training for girls. Consequently, there would be less girls have the confidence to lead. This research investigates social interactions between students and students-teachers that have leadership values. A focused ethnography was conducted in a kindergarten owned by military wives- organisation in Bandung, West Java. A gender perspective was used to analyse who got more opportunity to enhance their leadership skills. The research found that teachers did not planned any leadership training for the students. Instead, the teachers left it up to the students- “natural” play. The children learned leadership skills only in free play without any interventions from the teachers. As a result, a dominant child, who happened to be a boy, led the most. This research recommends a planned and structured teaching and learning to instil leadership skills to all children regardless of their gender and domination in the group. Teachers should interfere in order to provide equal opportunity for all children to learn how to be a leader.

Keywords
Leadership; Gender; Early Childhood Education (ECE)

Topic
Gender Issues in Early Childhood and Parenting Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Aye4tRfrnbdu

Corresponding Author
Suci Ramdaeni

Institutions
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the gender construction of children through toys. By using a post-structuralist perspective, researchers look at how power relations are intertwined in childrens play activities that strengthen binary masculinity and femininity through toys. This study uses ethnographic studies conducted in Bandung, Indonesia. Data analysis used grounded theory which produced 164 codes. The findings show that toys used as learning media are often gendered. Children and teachers alike reinforce stereotypes in the selection of toys between boys and girls which actually reinforces gender inequality in Early Childhood Education. This finding also recommends that educators in Early Childhood Education be more gender sensitive and become a reference for implementing a gender sensitive curriculum in Early Childhood Education.

Keywords
Gender, Early Childhood Education, Post- structualism, Toys

Topic
Gender Issues in Early Childhood and Parenting Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/FJH9GfxzjMwZ

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Ivan

Institutions
Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs

Abstract
This study aims to 1) describe regional investment in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) based on Original Local Government Revenue (PAD), 2) examine the conception of PAUD investment policy in local government policies relating to the improvement of the human development index (HDI) over the past 10 years, 3) PAUD policy in preparing human resources towards demographic bonus 2030, and 4) the impact of PAUD investments in reducing youth violence. PAUD investment is a standard to overlook regional policies effect on government stakeholders. In this study including descriptive literature research, and including the type of qualitative research. The results showed that investment in both policy and early childhood education had a long-term impact that increased the Gross Enrollment Rate (APK), supported the demographic bonus of 2030, and reduced the rate of youth violence.

Keywords
PAUD investment, PAUD Policy, Original Local Government Revenue, Human Development Index, Gross Enrollment Rate

Topic
Access, Participation and Quality of Early Childhood Education

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cR4WHCe6Dzd8

Corresponding Author
Abdul Rasyid Ghazali

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Abstract
This research aims to reconstruct the cognitive processes experienced by a number of expert writers in Indonesia in writing high-reputable international articles. With the grounded theory approach, it performs open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and generating theory from data gathered of the in-depth interviews and document analysis of the informants- articles. It reveals that the activity of literature review or "search before research" is an upstream of the whole cognitive process in composing academic articles. Accuracy in the process of review of the library will bring up the state of the art and research gap that then has the element of high novelty so that the reading-researching-writing activities are integrated into one-unity of flashed cognitive process. Publication as a downstream of the literature review activity or the end of the cognitive process of academic writing becomes a medium for scientific writers to be obedient to the provisions of the focus and scope of the intended journal. This research concluded that “search-topic-research-writing-publication” or the “cognitive model of academic writing” is a series of cognitive processes as well as raw materials in the formulation of theories and cognitive models in academic writing.

Keywords
cognitive process, cognitive model; academic writing; a reputable international journal

Topic
International Conference of English Language Teaching, Literature & Linguistics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dLUMN7P3H92t

Corresponding Author
zulkarnaini zulkarnaini

Institutions
Doktoral Program in Enviromental Science University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Abstract
This study discusses the design of community-based peatland management policies in the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Landscape (GSK-BB) of Riau Province. This research is motivated by the activity of utilizing peatland resources in the GSK-BB Biosphere Reserve which is quite alarming because it is often carried out in an exploitative and destructive manner. Even though biosphere reserves are protected and preserved areas based on Law no. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and their Ecosystems. Activities that are widely carried out by communities and companies in this region are the conversion of protected forests to agricultural land, plantations, and forestry, as well as human settlements. This land conversion phenomenon continues to the present day, and is even suspected to be the main trigger for severe forest and land fires every year in Riau Province. The above conditions have caused peatlands to degrade in terms of quantity and quality which decreases their social, ecological and economic functions. This research is a mixed method research by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. This research is expected to meet the requirements and be able to become an analysis to explain the processes that cause why degradation and damage on peatlands have an impact on a local and global scale. Then through the designed model it is hoped that a community-based integrated peatland management policy (formulation) can be produced. The ultimate goal is to find a solution to overcome the problem of degradation and damage in peatlands so that the achievement of sustainable peatland management targets is achieved.

Keywords
peatlands, government policy, biosphere reserves, governance

Topic
Government and Policy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/CPwNv6xnYKGj

Corresponding Author
RUDI RUDI

Institutions
Universitas Majalengka

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of applying the assignment method to improve dribbling learning outcomes in football games. This research uses an experimental method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were students of class XI in Tara Tara Depok, Cirebon Regency using a total sampling technique of 22 male students. From the results of statistical calculations using the SPSS version 21 program, the Kolmogrov-Sminov Test One-Sample test obtained significance values of 0.016 greater than 0.05, meaning that the data in this study were normally distributed. And hypothesis testing using the Paired Samples Test with a significance level of 5% obtained results 0,000 less than 0.005. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect on the application of the assignment method to the improvement of dribbling learning outcomes in football games.

Keywords
Assignment Method, Dribbling Learning Football

Topic
Community Sport Development (CSD)

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xVK6qtRBbjYp

Corresponding Author
Dewi Dewantara

Institutions
Physics Education
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning in digital electronics courses to improve learning outcomes. This research is a descriptive analysis research. The subjects of this study were 48 students of physics education FKIP Lambung Mangkurat University. The effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning is viewed from the results of student cognitive learning, using learning outcomes tests. Data were analyzed in the following ways, (1) analyzing descriptively from the average results of the learning outcomes test, (2) analyzing by using paired t-test to describe the significance of differences in student learning outcomes, (3) analyzing with n-gain test to find out the level of effectiveness in improving student learning outcomes. The results showed that, the average of the pretest was 14.38 and the average of the posttest was 79.22. The sig-2-tailed result from paired t-test is less than 0.05 so there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest. N-gain score is 0.76 which means this has a high category. The conclusion is the implementation of blended learning in digital electronics courses is effective in improving student learning outcomes.

Keywords
Blended learning, leraning outcomes

Topic
Challenge on Education in Facing the Development of Industry 4.0

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Fc627TYxjpN8

Corresponding Author
Sri Purwanti

Institutions
Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Production Ciawi-Bogor Po.Box.221 Bogor

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the economic value of beef cattle through IB with the elite bulls and natural mating in farmers. The study was conducted in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province in 2017, in 2 Sub-districts (Bajeng and Pallangga) and 9 Villages (Pabantengan, Pallangga, Maceni Baji, Ramba, Todotoa, Bajeng City, Marekaya and Paraikatte). The study used a field survey method, by recording data on the development of beef cattle. Mating activity is carried out with IB and natural mating using bulls and semen from Brahman, Onggole, Angus and Bali. All of the female were Bali dams and Bali heifers which ready to mate as many as 119 animals, where 90 dams would be bred through IB (artificial insemination), and others 29 dams and heifers through natural mating in each farmer. Primary and secondary data are analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, quantitatively, and economically. The results showed the net profit of farmers who joined IB amounting to IDR.266,712,000/year, net profits of farmers amounting to IDR.3,292,740/farmer, R/C 1.80. Net profits for farmers participating in natural mating are IDR. 32,027,000/year, the farmers net profit of IDR. 1,104,379/farmer, R/C 1.27. The income of farmers from IB calf is higher than the income derived from calves from natural mating. The price of female and male calf is influenced by sire breeds, body weight and calf performance. The beef Bali cattle business, which is breeding through IB and nature mating, is economically feasible to be re-cultivated.

Keywords
economic value, beef cattle, IB, natural mating

Topic
Breeding and livestock production

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hXVzE7kWYw2n

Corresponding Author
Sri Purwanti

Institutions
1Doctoral Student of Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science,
Hasanuddin University
2Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanudin University

Abstract
Liquid smoke is the condensation result of wood pyrolysis. It contains lots of compounds formed by constituent pyrolysis process such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin can be used to produce organic acids, phenols, carbonyl that become the compound of natural antibiotics, antioxidants, antibiotic, desinfectants, or as biopesticides and food preservation. Those compounds have different proportions such as type, wood moisture and pyrolysis temperature. Liquid smoke from wood can be used as natural antibiotics contains compounds that can be extracted such as phenol derivatives, which can inhibit microbes- growth. There is many studies about raw materials of liquid smoke such as: rice husk, coconut shell, Meranti sawdust, corncob and cinnamon. Based on literature study, Liquid smoke from coconut shell has percentage phenol 2,24%, total acid 15,7% highest than other material. Followed by the lowest pH 1.41. It can be conclued liquid smoke from coconut shell can be used natural antibiotics in animals. Coconut shell liquid smoke as a natural antibiotics has limitation in distribution and susceptible to physical and chemical changes during storage. Therefore, it was necessary to develope encapsulation of coconut shell liquid smoke. The functional properties of liquid smoke microcapsules can be maintained by using chitosan and maltodekstrin as encapsulant. The aims of this review is to understand coconut shell as the best raw material of liquid smoke, after being encapsulated that can be used as natural antibiotics in animals. Based on literature study, coconut shell liquid smoke encapslated using maltodextrin-chitosan has pH (2,70 ± 0,08), total acid (2,70 ± 0,08)% and total phenol (4,40 ± 0,05)%. The paper stresses the need for more studies on using of liquid smoke encapsulated of coconut shell as natural antibiotics in animals

Keywords
antibiotics, encapsulate, liquid smoke, coconut shell

Topic
Animal production Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dfZr8p4AYDjh

Corresponding Author
Wardi Wardi

Institutions
Assesment Institute for Agriculture Tehnology of Central Sulawesi
Jl. Poros –Kulawi Km 23 Sigi Districts, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract
Ruminant is the one of sectors livestock that contribute to increase global warming originates manure and animal eructation. Ruminant sector accounted for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia that caused the acid rain. The objective of this research was to determine the contribution of livestock sector for greenhouse gas emission (GHG) on 2016 at Central Sulawesi. The research was used ALU Tool software to calculate the emission of GHG. Data source were from livestock population and emission factors (EF) of CH4 and N2O of any livestocks. The results showed that Central Sulawesi Provincecontribute to 574.020 (Gg CO2e) emission a year from ruminant. Big Rumintant or Beef cattle is the main contributor on GHG emission in form of enteric fermentation CH4 453.550 (Gg CO2e), as much as 76.42%. Small rumintant is the production of N2O from goats as much as 106.021 (Gg CO2e) or equivalent to 17.12 %

Keywords
ALU Tool, dinitrogen oxide (N2O) Emission, Greenhouse Gas, Methane (CH4)

Topic
Animal waste and environmental technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wWcX6mPqjhZ8

Corresponding Author
jamilah jamilah

Institutions
a)Faculty of animal science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245 Indonesia.
*jamilahdoma[at]yahoo.com
b)Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245 Indonesia.

Abstract
Problems that often arise in feed are feed damage, and low shelf life. The quality of feed raw materials and mixing of feed as well as the composition of feed ingredients that are less precise can increase the problem. Citric acid is one of the ingredients that can be added to preserve feed, the use of citric acid for preservation has been widely carried out on food ingredients for humans. The function of citric acid is not only as a natural preservative but also can improve feed quality. Citric acid has indeed been able to increase productivity, but its influence is expected to be even better. Feeds that can be stored for a long time without changing the quality of the feed are highly expected by farmers, so that they can mix the feed when the available feed is sufficient. Mixing large amounts of feed can save energy and production costs and be able to anticipate the availability of highly fluctuating feed ingredients on the market. Citric acid is one of the organic acids which if added to broiler feed is able to be acidifier which is believed to increase livestock productivity. The research aims to improve shelf life and maintain the quality of broiler feed by adding citric acid at various levels. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 5 x 4 factorial patterns with two replications. Addition of citric acid and storage time significantly (P <0.005) on peroxidation numbers, but there was no interaction between the two. Physical tests show the addition of citric acid can reduce rancidity, mold growth and insect attack. It can be concluded that the addition of citric acid is able to maintain the quality of feed with low peroxidation numbers and is able to maintain feed quality.

Keywords
acidifier, citric acid, peroxide number, feed

Topic
Animal Nutrition and feed technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4DbW79pKVeEM

Corresponding Author
MUH HAIDIR HAKIM

Institutions
a. Department of Agribusiness, Graudet School of Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea, Jalan Printis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi
*email: muhhaidirhakim[at]pasca.unhas.ac.id
b. Departemen of Animal, Faculty of Animal. Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea, Jalan Printis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi
c. Departemen of Managemen, Faculty of Economy. Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Kampus Unhas Tamalanrea, Jalan Printis Kemerdekaan KM. 10. Makassar, South Sulawesi

Abstract
The agri-food industry for beef cattle is an activity that integrates the development of the agricultural sector along with the development of industrial sectors and related services in a cluster of the beef cattle industry, upstream in downstream. This study aims to determine the increase in farmers income through artificial insemination in the agri-food sector of beef cattle in the Sinjai Central District, Sinjai Regency region. There were 100 intentional breeders, consisting of 50 natural cattle ranchers and 50 artificial insemination breeders interviewed, to be used as data sources. The data analysis uses the income formula and is explained descriptively. The business income of an artificial insemination or mating beef is positive if it counts only the income. The income is of very low value if the most important components of the livestock sector, such as fixed costs and variable costs, namely pens, land rent for animal feed, fertilizer and hand -work, are also calculated. the average income of a natural companion is Rp. 5,052,480 in artificial insemination cattle Rp. 6,854,960. According to the results obtained from the sale of cattle by natural mating or artificial insemination, there is a significant difference between the two: a natural laying cow can only be worth millions of dollars if it is at least a year old, while a cow from artificial insemination requires only a few months to be evaluated at millions of rupiahs This is due to differences in the acceleration of cows growth. The majority of the cows sold by the breeders in the Sinjai center are males, which is rather worrisome for the breeders of natural cattle due to the fact that many have started using artificial insemination, as this makes things easier when their cows are in covetousness.

Keywords
Increase in income, natural marriage, artificial insemination

Topic
Socio-economic of animal science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uVav2WdgTyRP