Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1 Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2 Akademi Farmasi Putra Indonesia Malang, Indonesia

Corresponding author: a) nur.setiawan.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant shaped like grass. The leaves are long flat (not perforated). Black garlic is the result of processing garlic that has been at 700C with relative humidity of 70-80% at room temperature for twenty-one days and without additional treatment so that the water content decreases. The antibacterial content found in black garlic can be used as an inhibitor of bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of black garlic against streptococcus mutans. The research method for black garlic is using the maceration method using 96% ethanol, filtrate in the rotary evaporator and waterbath so that thick extract is obtained. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusuion method. The concentration ethanol extract of black garlic used 100%. Negative control used was aquadest. Black garlic extract content used is 4 drops/well. The results showed that there was antibacterial activity of balck garlic extract agains streptococcus mutans at a concentration of 100% with producing an average inhibition zone of 10,5 mm.

Keywords
garlic, Allium sativum L., Antibacterium

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wZabnqRdVQ4W

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
1,2,3,4,5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: sutrisno.kimia[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Bacterial resistance against antibacterial drugs is one of the serious problems in the world of health. However, the rate of increase in bacterial resistance is not matched by the development of new antibacterial drugs. The search for compounds that are potential candidates for antibacterial drugs is important to continue. Oil is an abundant raw material in nature. One plant that contains a lot of oil is candlenut with an oil content of 55-66% of the weight of the seeds. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of triglyceride derivatives namely potassium soap, fatty acids, and methyl esters. The stages of research that have been carried out include (1) synthesis, characterization, and identification of potassium soap (2) synthesis, characterization and identification of fatty acids (3) synthesis, characterization, and identification of methyl esters (4 ) Test the antibacterial activity of potassium soap, fatty acid, and methyl ester synthesized against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that potassium, fatty acid, and methyl ester from candlenut oil were successfully synthesized. These candlenut oil derivatives have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Keywords
Candlenut oil, its derivatives, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HGuYbWMaqZPA

Corresponding Author
Teresa Liliana Wargasetia

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha,
Jl. Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri MPH 65 Bandung 40164, Indonesia
* Teresa.lw[at]med.maranatha.edu
b) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Sea cucumbers have a wide distribution and high abundance in Indonesia. Previous research has shown that sea cucumbers have an anticancer function and have toxicity to various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, we identified the anticancer compounds of the sea cucumber Holothuria sp. collected from South Malang sea. Holothuria sp was extracted using methanol, then the active compound content was analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). From the results of the analysis, it is known that the methanol extract of Holothuria sp. contains 3 types of anticancer compounds namely holothurin A, holothurin B, and holothurin B3. Based on in silico analysis, it is estimated that the holothurin compounds have target proteins namely BCL2 and PTPN2 which play an important role in the process of apoptosis and cell cycle. The results of this study show that sea cucumbers can be used as anticancer, although various in vitro and in vivo tests are needed to prove the anticancer mechanism.

Keywords
anticancer, apoptosis, Holothuria sp., holothurin, sea cucumber

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ECXqUycGxbKr

Corresponding Author
Rahmi Masita

Institutions
(a) Department of Biology, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang no. 5, Malang 65151, Indonesia
(*)rahmi.masita.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
(b) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Dengue is mosquito borne diseases cause by dengue virus and found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide. There is no specific treatment has been found for its cure. Exploration of secondary metabolites as antiviral is an attempt to treat Dengue. Agarwood, an aromatic sap-producing plant, contains secondary metabolites which are possibly antiviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of ethanolic extract of agarwood leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. (AM) and Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke (GV) as antiviral dengue. Agarwood leaves were extracted with soxhletation using 96% ethanol. Dengue serotype 3 (DEN-3) virus propagated in C6/36 cells. Cytotoxicity tests using WST-1 reagents and antiviral extract activity were carried out in Vero cells. Concentration of extracts used ranged from 15.6 to 1000 ppm. Secondary metabolite group from the extract with the best activity was determined using TLC and various detection reagents. The results showed that AM and GV had relatively low toxicity with theoretical CC50 of 566,154 ppm and 1499,167 ppm. GV extract showed better performance for antiviral activity based on RT-PCR up to 99.59% compared to the control at concentrations >125 ppm. Antiviral potential secondary metabolites detected in GV ethanolic extract are flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.

Keywords
dengue virus, agarwood, antiviral, secondary metabolites, tropical disease

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tkRXAjG2zEnC

Corresponding Author
Erna Amin

Institutions
a) Midwifery Master-s Degree Program Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*midwife_erna[at]yahoo,com
b) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, East Java, Indonesia
c) Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Postpartum blues is the most common mood disorder commonly found in postpartum period. This disorder negatively impacts on the health of these mothers and their babies which results in poor treatment. The pathophysiology of postpartum blues is known to be associated with the noradrenergic system. This study aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy oils of lavender inlahance on norepinephrine levels of mothers with postpartum blues. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted from April to May 2019 in three health centers. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from the treatment and control groups which culminated in 28 people. Furthermore, five drops of aromatherapy lavender administered on cotton was inhaled by the groups for 15 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks. Urine was collected to measure norepinferin metabolites, the data analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. A total of 55 postpartum woman were screened, out of which 33 (60%) experienced postpartum blues. Data from norepinephrine measurement results analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a p value of 0.157 > 0.05, showed no significant difference in the norepinephrine levels of the control group. While in the treatment group, p value is 0.001 < 0.05 which indicates significant differences. Lavender aromatherapy effectively reduced the levels of norepinferin in woman with postpartum blues

Keywords
Postpartum blues, Lavender, Norepinephrine

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MvurgnfCADWL

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan-ROC
3Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan-ROC
4Department of Endocrinology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
5Department of Clinical Pathology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
6Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang
7Department of Surgery, Sardjito General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
8Department of Nursing Science, Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang, Indonesia



a)Corresponding author: hendra.susanto.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b)nanshan.liou[at]msa.hinet.net

Abstract
The epidemiologic evidence has been proved that chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection may significantly contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV). Moreover, the prevalence of individual with CHC infection in Indonesia increased dramatically during the last decade. Importantly, there is no preliminary data, whether specific liver derived-hormone, betatrophin/ANGPTL-8/ can contribute to the early stage of HCC caused by HCV infection. The goal of this study was to provide a baseline data of betatrophin profile in subjects with CHC. Nineteen healthy control and fourteen CHC patients were considered as the samples and circulating betatrophin was measured by ELISA. Interestingly, the higher level of betatrophin was observed in an individual with CHC compared to placebo. Furthermore, the linear data was also found that the classical marker of liver injury, ALT significantly increased in the same patients. Based on this critical data, it is suggested that betatrophin may contribute to the early stages of HCC in connection to the gradual changes of HCV DNA and ALT level. Even though this finding could be a hallmark for the essential characteristic of betatrophin in CHC subjects progress to HCC, however, the future study with long-term monitoring in clinical observation of CHC patients is compulsory.

Keywords
betatrophin, chronic hepatitis C, metabolic syndrome, hepatocellualr carcinoma

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/KMfeAQVhL6BW

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nutrition Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro Street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency, Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: imulgizi[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Dietary fiber reduces the risk of developing diabetes. Nasi jagung is one of Indonesian foods made from corn. Nasi jagung contains higher fiber than corn. Nasi jagung can be consumed as a staple food instead of rice. The present study aimed to analyse the relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung with fasting blood glucose level. This cross-sectional study included 57 healthy adults aged 31-45 years with nasi jagung consumption habit. Fiber intake from nasi jagung was assesed by using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose level was using capillary blood analysis. Spearman Rho was used to analyse relationship between fiber intake from nasi jagung with fasting blood glucose level (=0.05). The average of fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level were 1.13±1.2 g and 80.70±7.7 mg/dl, respectively. The correlation test result indicated a negative correlation between fiber intake from nasi jagung and fasting blood glucose level (r = -0.348, p = 0.008). This study indicate that those with nasi jagung consumption habit may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing diabetes by controlling blood glucose level.

Keywords
nasi jagung, fiber, blood glucose

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dCxuhHrwvb7t

Corresponding Author
Alif Rosyidah El Baroroh

Institutions
1Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang Jalan Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur

Abstract
Hypercholesterol is caused due to consumption of carobohydrate and high fat so causing oxidative stress results in the formation of Glycation End-Products (AGE). This study aimed to determine the effect of giving single garlic extract on the levels of Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and Receptor of Advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the epididymis of mice (Mus musculus) Balb / C strain of a high fat and carbohydrate diet models. The mice were acclimatized for a week and then were given HFD for 6 weeks. This research is an experimental study using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. This study requires a total of 24 mice. The treatment group was divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group (N), the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K +), and the treatment group by administering a single garlic extract with various doses (125 mg / Kg BB, 250 mg / Kg BB, and 500 mg / Kg BB). Measurement of AGE levels in the epididymis of mice on high-fat and carbohydrate diet models was carried out by the ELISA method after 45 days of treatment. The measurement results of AGE in the epididmis have a significant effect on the decrease in AGE in the epididymis according to the ANOVA test conducted (0.003), the results of a single ANOVA analysis of significant RAGE levels <0.05 (0.0). Giving a single garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) had a significant effect. Positive control group (K +) and single garlic extract dose 250 mg / Kg BB (P2) were optimal treatments for reducing RAGE levels in the epididymis of mice (Mus musculus) Balb / C strains on high-carbohydrate and fat diets

Keywords
Single Garlic, AGE, RAGE, Epididymis

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LhYtAmcHqb6f

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Master Program of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 2Midwifery Academy of Berlian Nusantara, Magetan, Indonesia
3 Institute of Health Science Sint Carolus, Jakarta, Indonesia
4Institute of Health Science William Booth, Surabaya, Indonesia
5Midwifery Academy Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
6Midwifery Academy of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
7Midwifery Academy of Dr. Soebandi, Jember, Indonesia
8University of Darul Ulum Jombang High Islamic Boarding School, Jombang, Indonesia 9Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 10Laboratory of Biochemistry-Biomolecular Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Stunting is the failure of linear growth during the first two years life. Rotenon is one of the pesticide causes stunting. Rotenon as the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and 1 complex mitocondria inhibitor, causes the decrease of ATP, increase the ROS and caused oxidative stress. Centella asiatica is a plant contains high antioxidant and cause the balance oxidant in cell so oxidative stress can be decreased. The purpose of this study is to know the pegagan etanol effect toward the rotenon induced zebrafish larvae stunting model toward expression increasing of Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT 4) and Osteocalcin. The research proved rotenon [12,5 ppb] can cause stunting of zebrafish larvae which included age 6 and stay until 9 dpf. The expression of GLUT 4 and Osteocalcin in zebrafish larvae which rotenon-induced decrease significantly compared with control group. The expression of GLUT 4 increase significantly by adding pegagan concentration 5μg/ml, while the expression of osteocalcin increase significantly by adding pegagan concentration 2,5μg/ml and 5μg/ml. Rotenon [12,5 ppb] can induce stunting of zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Addition of pegagan etanol extract can give effect for stunting zebrafish larvae through increased expression of GLUT 4 and Osteocalcin. This is indicated by an increased in body length.

Keywords
Centella asiatica, rotenon, zebrafish, stunting, GLUT 4, osteocalcin

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hDGycCm9tuk6

Corresponding Author
Ike Anggraini

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Abstract The implementation of family planning (KB) programs by the government due to an increase in the rate of population growth using modern contraceptives can cause quite dangerous side effects. This study aims to determine the effect of pulutan leaf decoction (Urena lobata L.) on the length of the estrus cycle of mice (Mus musculus) Balb-C strain as a substitute for modern contraception. Mice were grouped into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications. P0 group as a control (0% concentration), P1 (5%), P2 (7,5%), P3 (10%), P4 (12,5%), and P5 (15%). The administration of pulutan leaf simplicia (Urena lobata L.) was carried out for 15 days orally (gavage). Determination of the estrus cycle was carried out by the mouse lavage technique every day for 15 days of treatment. The length of the estrus cycle is determined by calculating the length (days) between the estrus stage (initial treatment) until the next estrus stage (counted 4 stages). The results of the one way ANOVA test and the Duncan test revealed that there was an effect of pulutan leaves (Urena lobata L.) decoction on the estrus cycle length of the mice (Mus musculus) Balb / C strain (p <0.05). The administration of pulutan leaf simplicia can extend the estrus cycle of mice (Mus musculus) starting at a concentration of 7.5%. Abstract The implementation of family planning (KB) programs by the government due to an increase in the rate of population growth using modern contraceptives can cause quite dangerous side effects. This study aims to determine the effect of pulutan leaf decoction (Urena lobata L.) on the length of the estrus cycle of mice (Mus musculus) Balb-C strain as a substitute for modern contraception. Mice were grouped into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications. P0 group as a control (0% concentration), P1 (5%), P2 (7,5%), P3 (10%), P4 (12,5%), and P5 (15%). The administration of pulutan leaf simplicia (Urena lobata L.) was carried out for 15 days orally (gavage). Determination of the estrus cycle was carried out by the mouse lavage technique every day for 15 days of treatment. The length of the estrus cycle is determined by calculating the length (days) between the estrus stage (initial treatment) until the next estrus stage (counted 4 stages). The results of the one way ANOVA test and the Duncan test revealed that there was an effect of pulutan leaves (Urena lobata L.) decoction on the estrus cycle length of the mice (Mus musculus) Balb / C strain (p <0.05). The administration of pulutan leaf simplicia can extend the estrus cycle of mice (Mus musculus) starting at a concentration of 7.5%.

Keywords
simplicia, pulutan leaves, estrus cycle, mice

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/BZ6Gwc284Lan

Corresponding Author
Dinda Aprilia

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Pulutan (Urena lobata L.) is a type of plant that is widely used as traditional medicine. The compound in pulutan leaves consists of alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids that work as antifertility agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving pulutan leaves (Urena lobata L.) simplicia to the number of follicles of mice (Mus muscullus) Balb-C strain. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments giving pulutan leaf simplicia decoction (Urena lobata L.), namely 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% ​​and 15%, respectively the treatment repeated four times. Giving treatment for 15 days begins during the metestrus phase. The data tested for normality, homogeneity test, and analyzed by single ANOVA, and if they affected, it continue with Duncan test with P <0.05. The results of this research showed significant differences between the control group and treatments in the analysis of monolaminar primary follicles, multilaminar primary follicles, secondary follicles, de Graaf follicles and atresia follicles. Concentration of decoction simplicia pulutan leaves 7,5% begin to reduce the number of multilaminar primary follicles, and de Graaf follicles and begin to increase the number of follicles atresia, whereas at the concentration 10% begin to reduce the number of monolaminar primary follicles and secondary follicles. The conclusion of this study is that pulutan leaf simplicia decoction (Urena lobata L.) can reduce the number of follicles in monolaminar primary follicles, multilaminar primary follicles, secondary follicles, de Graaf follicles and increase the number of atresia follicles.

Keywords
decoction simplicia pulutan leaves (Urena lobata L.), the number of mice follicles

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fZxUe7cM3KvC

Corresponding Author
Yudi Purnomo

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang

Abstract
Introduction: Malathion is one of organophosphate pesticides that can cause intoxication when used inappropriately. Pulutan (Urena lobata) is medicinal plant used to treat some diseases empirically and pre-clinical study has already proven its efficacy as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The study aims to evaluate the potential of Urena lobata (U. lobata) leaf extract on blood glucose level and hemoglobin (Hb) in the juvenile and adult of zebra fish (Danio rerio) exposed by malathion. Methods: The object study using juvenile and adult of zebra fish (Danio rerio) which divided into each 2 control group and 3 test group (n=4). The leaf of U. lobata was extracted by decoction methods therefore it was diluted into 125 mg/L, 250 mg/L and 500 mg/L. The animal test was exposed by herbs for 40 days concomitant with malathion 5 mg/L. Blood glucose level and Hb were measured using a commercially available glucometer and Hb meter. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD and analyzed with one-way anova and continued with LSD (p<0.05). Results: The administration of U.lobata leaf extract at dose of 125 mg/L and 500 mg/L able to inhibit the decrease of Hb level more and less 10 % and 20 % respectively compare to malathion group (p<0.05) both of on juvenile and adult of zebra fish (Danio rerio). Whereas the blood glucose level was decreased by 40%, 60% and 40% (p<0.05) respectively on juvenile that were given U. lobata at dose of 125 mg/L, 250 mg/L and 500 mg/L, meanwhile on adult of zebra fish were reduced 60%, 50% and 50% respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: U. lobata leaf extract is able to inhibit the increase of blood glucose level and the decrease of Hb level both of on juvenile and adult of zebra fish (Danio rerio).

Keywords
adult, blood glucose, Danio rerio, hemoglobin, juvenile, malathion, Urena lobata

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WzAhrHP7MeFv

Corresponding Author
Siti Imroatul Maslikah

Institutions
Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang
c)Corresponding author: siti.imroatul.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Red betel leaf contains numerous phytochemical compounds that can be used as an antiinflammatory agent of rheumatoid arthritis. This research was conducted to determine the effect of red betel leaf extract on IL-1β and mole feet oedema thickness of RA model. Mice were modeled for RA by intraperitonally administered with 0.01 ml CFA and IFA on the near of left foot area with approximately 0.03 ml volume. The treatment was carried out for three weeks. Measurement of feet oedema thickness was done before and after treatment by using sliding, then the data were analyzed by using ANAKOVA. At the end of the treatment, the mice are empowered and dissected. Blood collected from the heart. IL-1β levels were measured using indirect ELISA technique and data were analyzed using single ANAVA. The results showed that red betel leaf extract of 200 mg/ml had a tendency to decrease IL-1β level in RA mice, whereas the thickness of oedema in mice of RA could be lowered by red leaf extract of 400 mg/ml. This results suggested that a decrease in IL-1β levels is also accompanied by a decrease in oedema thickness, due to an improved mechanism of the mice pane in RA mice.

Keywords
red betel leaf extract, rheumatoid arthritis, IL-1β level, oedema thickness

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AREG8gqKL7PW

Corresponding Author
Yunita Rakhmawati

Institutions
1.Biologi FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang
2.Rumah Sakit Mardi Waluyo

Abstract
Manifestation of protein energy malnutrition is decreasing haemoglobin synthesis. One of alternatife high protein sources is a snail (Achatina fulica). Snail powder have 58,13% protein per 100 gram. This research to knowing effect of snail powder on haemoglobin levels of strain wistar rats with non protein diet. The treatment used in this reasearch are give the rats with snail powder contain 4% protein, 19% protein, and 50 % protein within 4 group of strain wistar rats which is given non protein diet along 12 days. The result are high protein snail powder (50%) have sinificant effect to increasing the level of haemoglobin (p<0.05). Data show that non protein diet decreases haemoglobin level and high protein diet on snail powder can increased haemoglobin levels in all groups. This research show that snail powder effected to increasing haemoglobin levels on strain wistar rats with non protein diet.

Keywords
Protein energy malnutrition, haemoglobin, snail powder

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tDCPnm8k3Jph

Corresponding Author
Mochammad Fitri Athoillah

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University

Abstract
High fat-high fructose diet (HFFD) lead to overnutrition which disturb glucose homeostasis. Insulin plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism, and its role was affected during HFFD. Soybean (Glycine max L.) contains isoflavones, particularly daidzein and genistein which can be transformed using microbial and physical stimuli to synthesis glyceollin. Glyceollin is a phytoalexin which has a beneficial effect on health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of elicited soybean extract (ESE) on insulin concentration in high fat-fructose diet (HFFD) mice. Twenty-eight female Balb/C mice were divided into seven groups: normal diet (ND) only, ND + ESE 104 mg/kg BW, HFFD only, HFFD + Simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg, HFFD + ESE 78 mg/kg BW, HFFD + ESE 104 mg/kg BW, and HFFD + ESE 130 mg/kg BW. The high fat-fructose diet was given over a period of 20 weeks, and ESE was administered orally per day after 20 weeks for four weeks. At week 24, the animals were sacrificed and the serum was collected. Insulin concentration was determined by indirect ELISA. The HFFD treatment significantly increased insulin concentration (p < 0.05) compared to a normal diet. The ESE treatment in HFFD mice could normalize insulin concentration compared to HFFD mice. Our results suggest that ESE has the potential to be used as a supplement to improves metabolic disorder through restore insulin concentration.

Keywords
Elicited soybean; Glyceollin; High fat-high fructose diet; Insulin

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/z3JhC7rc9BNR

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Master Program of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
2 Polytechnique of Helath, ministry of Health, Mataram, Indonesia
32Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang

Abstract
Rotenone, a natural pesticide inhibit mitochondrial complex I enzyme that caused the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced ATP production and stimulate apoptosis. This condition will affect the proliferation and development. IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) is a protein that responsible for growth and development in prenatal and postnatal of somatic cells. IRS (insulin receptor substrate) responsible for signal transduction of IGF-1 for cell differentiation, proliferation, and anti-apoptosis. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had long been used as herbal medicine. Its contains triterpenes as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, macro and micronutrients as well. This study observed the effect of Centella asiatica (CA) extract to the expression of IGF-1, IRS and the linear growth of rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae. The zebrafish embryos were divided into 5 groups: control, Rotenone 12 ppb, Rotenone and CA extract concentration 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml respectively exposed from 2-hours post fertilization (hpf) until 3-days post fertilization (dpf). The expression of IGF-1 and IRS were conducted at 9 dpf by immunohistochemistry whole-mount and quantify the expressions by Image J software. The body length measured at 3, 6 and 9 dpf using Image Raster from optilab v2.2.1. The data analyzed using one way anova from SPSS v.18. The results showed that rotenone significantly decreased the IGF-1 and IRS expression (p<0.05). The administration of CA extract could be increased the expression of IGF-1 and IRS in rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae. The measurement of body length showed that rotenone reduced the body leng of larvae after 6 dpf, and 5 µg/mL of CA extract significantly increased the body length at 6 and 9 dpf. It can be concluded that CA extract increased the body length of zebrafish larvae through the increasing of IGF-1 and IRS signaling.

Keywords
Body length, Centella asiatica, IGF-1, IRS, zebrafish.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/93BpEf4nGrDJ

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
2Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Banten, Indonesia
3Department of Microbiology/Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia.
4Departement Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
5Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
6Labarotory of Biomedic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
7Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is ranked the third most cases and second cause of death in the world 2018. Many innovative anticancer drugs have been developed through a variety of natural bioactive compounds, one of which is from microorganisms. This study aims to prove the effect of ethyl acetate extract fraction of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Subsp. Hygroscopicus. in decreasing the expression of DLD-colorectal cancer DNA. The fractionation process used Flash Column Chromatography (BUCHI Reveleris PREP Purification System) while the percentage of nuclear DNA expression was measured using immunofluorescent (DAPI). Thirty fractions were obtained from the fractionation process. The DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line was cultured and exposed to each fractions at doses of 80, 8, and 0.8 ppm for 2x24 hours. From immunofluorescent analysis, fractions 13, 15, 16, 18, and 19 are able to reduce the DAPI expression of DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line below 100%. Statistical analysis shows differences in the percentage of nuclear DNA expression between the five fractions and controls (p = 0,000). The results of the Post Hoc Tukey HSD test shows that there are differences in the percentage of nucleus DNA expression between various dosages of the five fractions and controls (p <0.005). Correlation test shows that there is a correlation (p <0.05) between increasing the dose of the five fractions with the expression of nucleus DNA with a very strong correlation coefficient. So, it can be concluded that the administration of the five ethyl acetate extracts of S. hygroscopicus can reduce the proliferation ability as measured by the percentage of DNA expression of the DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell line nucleus cancer.

Keywords
Fraction, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, expression of nucleus DNA, DLD-1

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MJ6jfNZgGYdr

Corresponding Author
YONG CHEE TAN

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
* arahimyusoff[at]kimia.fs.utm.my
b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract
Bacterial infection and dehydration are two dominant issues that limited the effectiveness of the available treatments in re-establishing the structure and functions of damaged skin. Currently, electrospinning, that using electrostatic forces to fabricate polymeric nanofibre, has received blooming attention in the invention of ideal skin scaffold because of its ability to produce multifunctional nanofibres that is not only prevented the problems but also mimicked the extracellular matrix to accelerate the wound healing process. In this project, two synthetic polymers, i.e. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), and different amount of a natural polymer, i.e. Chitosan, were blended and electrospun into nanofibre. The presence of synthetic polymers was crucial as they increased the electrospinnability of chitosan. For comparison purposes, the electrospun PVA-PCL nanofibres were also fabricated. Disc diffusion testing was conducted initially and exhibited that the blended nanofibres inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when the content of chitosan reached 1.5 wt%. The infrared spectroscopy result of both PVA-PCL-Chitosan and PVA-PCL showed typical peaks of PVA and PCL at 3327 and 1719 cm-1 represented O-H and C=O bonds, respectively. FESEM images showed that the smaller fibre and bimodal structure nanofibrous mat were obtained when the chitosan was added. Finally, the hydrophilicity of the PVA-PCL-Cs nanofibrous mat was confirmed by water contact angle which is 0° and hypothetically, it could prevent dehydration and improve cell adhesion to accelerate the wound healing process.

Keywords
Electrospinning; nanofibre; Antibacterial activity; scaffold

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nYGC3mbBQjPH

Corresponding Author
Ihsan Budi Rachman

Institutions
a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Jalan Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
subandi.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Jalan Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
novita.indri[at]yahoo.com
c) MRCCP Universitas Machung Malang
tatas.brotosudarmo[at]machung.ac.id
d) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematic State University of Malang
srirahayulestari[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Obesity is often caused by high levels of blood fats and can lead to the emergence of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and type II diabetes. One of the known anti obesity drugs is orlistat, that works as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Methanol extract and flavonoid isolate from watermelon mesocarp have been shown to have activity as pancreatic lipase inhibitor, but the flavonoid species is not known yet. The aims of this study are to: isolate the flavonoid from ethanol extract of watermelon mesocarp, determine the activity of isolated as pancreatic lipase inhibitor and determine the types of flavonoid isolate spectrofotometrically by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and LC- MS/MS. This descriptive laboratory study using methanol in extraction stage and then TLC to isolate the flavonoid. Inhibitory activity assay have been done by titrimetric method, using porcine pancreatic lipase (Sigma) as enzyme, olive oil as substrate and orlistat as standard inhibitor.The results had shown that: 1) there are six flavonoid isolates from ethanol extract of watermelon mesocarp, that has pacreatic lipase inhibition power: 77 fold (1st and 2nd isolate), 71 fold (3rd isolate), 92 fold (4th isolate), 103 fold (5th isolate), and 96 fold (6th isolate) respectively, relative to Orlistat at the same mass, and 2) based on the spectrum of UV-Vis, FT-IR, and LC-MS/MS, all of the six flavonoid isolates are catechin or oligomer of catechin.

Keywords
watermelon mesocarp, pancreatic lipase inhibitor, flavonoids, anti obesity, cathecin

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCLq3KbJPHr8

Corresponding Author
Husnul Khotimah

Institutions
1Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya
2 Departement of Pediatrics, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya
3Bachelor Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Stunting is a growth disorder in the form of linear growth retardation. Risk factors, both internal and external that occur from the time of pregnancy to the age of two years greatly influence the occurrence of stunting. Rotenone is a natural pesticide that proved had stunting effect on zebrafish. The mechanism of action of rotenone is by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, thus increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP depletion. Folic acid not only as micronutrients needed in growth , but also have an activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid on body length, heart rate, motility and bone ossification of rotenone-induced zebrafish larvae stunting model. Rotenone and folic acid administered from 2 -72 hpf (hour post fertilization). The concentration of folic acid used in this study was 50, 70, and 100 μM, while rotenone 12.5 ppm. Statistical analysis using ANOVA showed a significant difference in body length, heart rate, motility and bone ossification among the rotenone and folic acid group. Folic acid concentrations of 50 and 70 μM could normalize the body length, heart rate, whereas folic acid 100 μM actually increases bone ossification. It can be concluded that folic acid could protect stunting in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords
folic acid, stunting, zebrafish, body length, ossification.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Gfx3eKMLnTYz

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Taufiq

Institutions
Department of Nursery, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nurul Jadid, Jl. KH. Zaini Mun-im Karanganyar Paiton Probolinggo,
Indonesia

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TBC) treatment should be consistently done by patients and be interrupted since it will: 1) have an impact on drug and bacterial resistance, 2) take longer treatment, 3) impact on saturation to patients, and 4) increase the doses of the drug. Given the complexities of the above fact, the present study was designed to uncover the correlation between self-efficacy and the implementation of standard operational procedure of treatment. A total sample of 100 respondents were recruited purposively. The instrument employed in this study was a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rank Analysis test. In this study, p-value 0,000<0,05 was obtained. The result of this study indicated that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and the implementation of standard operational procedure of treatment encountered by tuberculosis patients. Patients with pulmonary TBC who had high self-efficacy will be able to implement the standard operational procedure at home, including the ethics of coughing, environmental health, smoking prohibition, personal protective equipment, regular taking medicine and nutrition consumption. These are significant in the treatment and prevention of transmission processes. This study has set as a practical perspective in preventing transmission of Tuberculosis within families and communities.

Keywords
self-efficacy, knowledge level, treatment, tuberculosis patient

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uYRZD9Eyeftv

Corresponding Author
Erna Sulistyowati

Institutions
University of Islam Malang (UNISMA)

Abstract
Background: Green tea leaf (Camelia sinensis) possess certain antibacterial compounds. Recent studies have been presented that C sinensis has critical roles in bacterial breakdown proccess. This study identified the antibacterial activity of C. sinensis leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus in combination with cotrimoxazole. Methods: Methanolic or decoction extract of C sinensis were determined. The antibacterial activities (single or in combination with cotrimoxazole) were measured with zone of inhibition (ZOI) assay through agar well diffusion method. These ZOI were evaluated with Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST). The data was analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, followed by a non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test. Significant level was at p<0.05. Results: The ZOI-s diameter of S. aureus on combination of C. sinensis methanolic extract with cotrimoxazole, C. sinensis decoction with cotrimoxazole, low dose of cotrimoxazole, single high dose of C. sinensis methanolic extract, single low dose of C. sinensis methanolic extract, and C.sinensis decoction were 25.67 ± 5.8 mm, 25.67 ± 1.53 mm, 10.33±0.58 mm, 9.67±0.58 mm, 8.67±0.58 mm, and 0 mm, respectively. Combination of C. sinensis methanolic extract with cotrimoxazole and C. sinensis decoction with cotrimoxazole were significantly increased ZOI-s diameter (p<0.05). Combination of C. sinensis methanolic extract and cotrimoxazole has synergistic effect, whereas C. sinensis decoction with cotrimoxazole showed potentiation effect. Conclusion: Combination of C. sinensis leaf extract and cotrimoxazole is potential as an antibacterial agent.

Keywords
Camellia sinensis, Cotrimoxazole, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial assay

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Bd9bMR4nq8Gm

Corresponding Author
Nia Lukita Ariani

Institutions
a) Department of Nursing Science, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65144
*nia.lukita[at]unitri.ac.id

b) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281

Abstract
Adiponectin has a protective role in metabolic syndromes. Adiponectin gene polymorphism +276G>T (rs1501299) was reported has a strong relationship with increased adiponectin level. However, reports about this variant are still inconsistent in obese people. We investigated the association of adiponectin gene variant with circulating adiponectin. The study was performed with 110 apparently healthy adults about 20-40 years old Javanese people. Pregnant subjects and subjects either under diabetic or other metabolic syndrome medications, were excluded. Plasma was used to measure 8- hours fasting glucose and adiponectin level. PCR-RFLP examined DNA genotyping. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Fisher Exact test, independent t-test, and Mann Whitney test (p<0.05). Genotyping results showed three genotypes of this polymorphism, namely GG, GT, and TT. No significant difference in genotype distribution related to circulating adiponectin both in obese and lean group. Despite the fact about adiponectin lowering action in the obese group, this polymorphism may neither a risk factor nor protective variant for the Javanese population. These findings assert the adiponectin gene variant still vary in influencing circulating adiponectin among the different population.

Keywords
ADIPOQ gene, circulating adiponectin, metabolic syndromes, obesity, SNP +276G>T (rs1501299)

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LQTAKtaeXp7f

Corresponding Author
Edwin Widodo

Institutions
1) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University
*edwin[at]ub.ac.id
2) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Brawijaya University

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which is accompanied by damage, dysfunction of some organs and disturbance of the metabolism. In diabetes type II, there is a decrease of the ability of insulin to work in peripheral tissues (insulin resistance) and β cell dysfunction. As a result, the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to compensate for insulin resistance. Infection of Staphylococcus aureus in diabetes mellitus may worsen the condition. It can lead to bacteremia as well as increase the occurrence of inflammation. This research was aimed to know the molecular responses of rats (Rattus norvegicus) treated with streptozotocin and S.aureus via CD4 T cells and TGF-β levels. This research was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) experiment, with five groups of treatment. Group 1 was normal rats, Group 2 was bacteremia treatment with infection of S.aureus 10^8 CFU/mL, and three other groups were 45 mg/kg streptozotocin-induced diabetes with different level of S. aureus infection (10^5, 10^6 and 10^7 CFU/mL). Injections of streptozotocin were done intraperitoneally in high single dose (45 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels was measured after 2 days of STZ injection followed by Staphylococcus aureus injection intraperitoneally. The relative levels of CD4 T cells and TGF-β was measured by flowcytometry. The data was analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). The results showed an average CD4 levels were relatively experienced 6.9%, 7.9% and 3.5% increase in group 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The average relative levels of TGF-β were decreased 0.7%, 3.1% and 5.1% in group 3, 4 and 5 respectively. In conclusion, the relative levels of CD4 increased while the relative levels of TGF-β decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords
CD4, TGF-β, Diabetes mellitus, Staphylococcus aureus

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4RULue3nv7AD

Corresponding Author
Miftahul Mushlih

Institutions
1) Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo,
Jl. Mojopahit No. 666, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.
2) Indonesian Genetic and Biodiversity Community, Jl. Ikan Mujair No. 15, Tunjung Sekar, Lowok Waru, Malang.
3) Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo,
Jl. Mojopahit No. 666, Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur.
4) Department of Biology faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, East Java Indonesia.

Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is disorder caused by the loss of cell- β insulin secretion or insulin resistance. T2DM occurs by genetic and environmental factor. This study was conducted by analyze the inheritance of polymorphism in T2DM families. The method was used is RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) using F4 5--GTCTTGGGCA3- primer. Three families whose had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus used. They are composed by 4 samples as positive control (diagnosed with diabetes mellitus), and 9 samples allele analyzed. 2 sampel from other sources was used as negative control. For the results, there were 7 of 9 samples might positive allele of T2DM.

Keywords
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Polymorphism, RAPD-PCR, Pedigree

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/EPhWRgFJCtjQ

Corresponding Author
Dea Ajeng Pravita Suendi

Institutions
a) Graduate School of Biotechnology, Postgraduate Program, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, 68121, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
**deaajeng56[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
c) Center for Development of Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, CDAST UNEJ, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
d) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Krajan Timur, Sumbersari, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
e) Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jl. Kalimantan, Krajan Timur, Sumbersari, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
*banun_k.fkg[at]unej.ac.id

Abstract
Cryopreservation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) is needed to maintain the biological properties and minimize isolation repeatedly. The aim of this study was to optimize cryoprotectant agents to maintain the proliferative capability of BMSCs. This study used three group of combinations; 1) 90% FBS + 10% DMEM; 2) 90% DMEM + 10% DMSO; 3) 90% FBS + 10% DMSO and Cell Banker 1 (CB1) as a positive control. The study showed cell morphology of spindle, round and flatten-shaped. The cell viability in the second combination was 69.73% and 79.74%, the third combination was 68.08% and 74.85% while CB1 was 81.5% and 85% stored at -80oC and LN2, respectively. Cell density post-thawed in the second combination was 26.5x104 cells/ml and 31.25x104 cells/ml, the third combination was 24x104 cells/ml and 32x104 cells/ml while CB1 33x104 cells/ml and 35.5x104 cells/ml at -80oC and LN2, respectively. Cell proliferation capability differed significantly was (p<0.05). Population doubling time increases as long as with increasing incubation time. The use of the second and third combinations has the ability to recover almost as close to CB1 in post-thawed of cell proliferation capability so that it can be an option for cryopreservation of cells.

Keywords
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Cryopreservation, Cryoprotectant Agents

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/p3zcmHGedJny

Corresponding Author
Ari Priharta

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang
STUST, Taiwan

Abstract
The wearable devices are gaining its popularity in recent days. This paper presents the performances of our smart shoes as a wearable biomedical device in capturing the heart beat signal from dorsalis pedis. In common, heart beat are measured from artery that located on chest, hand, fingertip and ear or neck. Even though the pulse from dorsalis pedis has a smaller amplitude compare to the other artery location, the integrated sensor on our smart shoes can capture the signal wih high precision. The experiment had been conducted for several times to 3 groups of age of the healthy male and female, there are kid, mature, and elder. The obtain results show that the smart shoes sensor could measure the the dorsalis pedis pulse accurately. Compare with the common measurement and other commercial devices, our device gives a small gap in rms error, which is acceptable for clinical need.

Keywords
accuracy, dorsalis pedis, heart beat, smart shoes, wearable device

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NKB8P2HdE7CR

Corresponding Author
Siti Nur Arifah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Single Garlic Oil (SGO) extract contains organosulfur compounds such as S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (alliin), allicin, Z-ajoene, and E-ajoene. This study aimed to observe organosulfur compounds in SGO extract as medicinal plant to decrease inflammatory signaling caused by high fat diet (HFD) consumption. Twenty-four adult males of Balb C mice were divided into six groups: normal diet, HFD treated with statin 26 mg/kgBW, HFD without treatment, HFD treated with SGO 12.5 mg/kgBW, HFD treated with SGO 25 mg/kgBW, and HFD treated with SGO 50 mg/kgBW. Indicators of inflammatory status in the study were liver weight, liver morphology, spleen weight, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum, and expression of TNF-α in aorta. Liver weight and spleen weight in SGO treatment group showed a significant decrease compared to HFD without treatment group (P < 0.05). SGO also showed that it could reduce hepatic steatosis compared to HFD without treatment group on hepatic tissue of mice. The level of SOD was significantly increased in SGO treatment group compared to HFD without treatment group (P < 0.05). SGO has the ability to increase antioxidant activity of SOD resulted in the reduced of the level of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in serum and expression of TNF-α in aorta, the reduced of the liver and spleen weight and the improvement of hepatic steatosis. These results indicated that SGO can be well considered as an alternative treatment to decrease inflammatory signaling caused by HFD.

Keywords
Single Garlic Oil (SGO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/y38Ee9xbTRDc

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nutrition Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: pontang.gs[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Modified Dried Skimmed Milk Coconut Oil (Modisco) III formulation is a high protein liquid food for severe malnutrition nutrition therapy in phase III (rehabilitation phase). Soybean is well-known as one of the foods that contains high protein with complete amino acids. This research was conducted in order to analyze the quality of protein of Modisco III formulation addition with soybean flour. The true experiment design of randomized pre test-post test control group for 24 Wistar rats male that had been made into severe malnutrition condition. There were divided into 4 group: group 1 was treated with standard food (AIN-93), whereas group 2, 3, 4 were treated with low protein food (cassava-based food). After getting severe malnutrition, group 3 was given Modisco III Formulation with 25% soybean flour addition and group 4 was given combination of Modisco III Formulation with 25% soybean flour addition (80% of total daily food) and cassava-based food (20% of total daily food). Protein Efficiency Rate (PER) was used to analyze protein quality. Data was analyzed with Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis test with 0,05 significant level. The result showed that PER each group were 1,78+0,01 (Group 1), 0,88+0,08 (Group 2), 1,47+0,04 (Group 3), and 0,33 + 0,02 (Group 4), respectively. There were differences between group significanly (p=0,0001), and group 3 had the closest PER with group 1. Soybean flour might able to being altenative high protein ingredient for Modisco formulation to improve nutrition status.

Keywords
Modisco, soybean flour, PER, malnutrition

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t8qH934uwa2X

Corresponding Author
Sri Rahayu Lestari

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang no. 5 Malang, 2 Biology Department, Faculty f Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the effects of a single garlic (Allium sativum) oil (SGO) on the activation of regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: The study was conducted with 24 BALB/c male mice divided into six groups consisting of four mice each, i.e., control group (non-HFD, no treatment), HFD group without treatment, HFD administered with simvastatin, and three HFD groups administered SGO doses of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg, respectively, and continuously treated (with SGO) for 45 days. The relative number of regulatory T cells, IL-10 and TGF β were measured using flow cytometry. Results: HFD decreased the expression of regulatory T cells, and the production of IL-10 and TGF-β compared to the control group. SGO (50 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the activation of regulatory T cells and production of TGF-β in mice fed high-fat diet compared to simvastatin group. The dose of 25 mg/kg SGO significantly increased the level of IL-10 in mice fed a HFD.

Keywords
high-fat diet, immune systeme, single garlic oil

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fLzwxZ8EaPJv