Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

Institutions
a) Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*natanaelmassie2009[at]gmail.com
b) Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Abstract
Electrified vehicles (EV) entry to the Indonesian automotive market at the moment is relatively new, with market penetration being modest at best. This study discusses two major socioeconomic aspects of EVs in their early ventures in the country. First, we examine the feasibility and the impact of accelerating the development of electric cars in Indonesia in economic, environmental, and fiscal aspects. Second, we use primary data analysis by conducting users and prospective car users in the Greater Jakarta area to elicit the consumers- preferences for electric cars. In this analysis, we specifically estimate the necessary price incentives for each of the EV types, i.e., Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), to gain certain market exposure in the country. We also utilize simulation method in estimating the impacts of various scenarios of policies in accelerating the use of EV vehicles on the automotive industry market and the automotive component industry, as well as government (fiscal), environmental (CO2 emission reduction) and macroeconomic revenues. Our findings suggest that considerable amount of price and non-price incentives is needed to encourage Indonesian consumers to consider EVs compared to ICE. On the environmental and fiscal perspective, we find PHEV serve as the better vehicle to be introduced into the country-s automotive landscape, with a prudent mixture of the three aforementioned EV being also a viable option.

Keywords
Electrified vehicle; Socioeconomic impacts; Incentives; Indonesia

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WrPdMaJnckpU

Corresponding Author
Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

Institutions
a) Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
*natanaelmassie2009[at]gmail.com
b) Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Abstract
With the Electrified Vehicles (EVs) ventures being in the early stage, the cost-benefit analysis of the vehicles is key towards capturing the Indonesian market. As consumers, however, pricing may not only be the costs they consider; they also consider the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the cars they purchase. With that regard, this study discusses the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the EV in the Indonesian context, including calculations for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle), as well as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for comparisons. Specifically, this study aims to: (i) identify the monetary factors which affects total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, (ii) construct a TCO model and calculate the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, and (iii) compare the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia related to the relevant switching cost between EVs and ICE. Our findings suggest that generally, in Indonesia, higher usage and/or length of ownership of EVs lead to more competitive TCO compared to ICE. We also explore a comprehensive number of scenarios (e.g., total annual mileage, years of ownership, price, fuel prices, and cost incentives) in which the TCO of EV maximizes Indonesian consumer welfare.

Keywords
Electrified vehicle; Incentives; Total cost of ownership; Indonesia

Topic
EV Socio-Economical Impact

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MBHudNxg3WTy

Corresponding Author
Joko Sangaji

Institutions
(a) Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia;
*jokosangaji2015[at]gmail.com

(b) Kwik Kian Gie Institute Business and Information, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract
Indonesia is among the five largest internet usage countries in the world. The use of the internet also encourages efficiency in governance in the field of international trade, including the export of goods and services. This study aims to determine the impact of internet usage and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar on Indonesian exports to the five main export destination countries, namely China, the United States, Japan, Singapore, and India in the period 2000 to 2017. The study uses is a multiple regression model. The results of this study are that internet usage has a significant positive effect on Indonesias exports to the five main export destination countries and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar has a significant negative effect on Indonesias exports to the five main export destination countries. The policy implication is the need to improve the performance of internet facilities and Indonesias exchange rate related to the improvement in Indonesias export performance.

Keywords
Internet Usage, Exports, Exchange Rates, Multiple Regression

Topic
Economics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/H6qT2apnJeud

Corresponding Author
Irmawati Irmawati

Institutions
a) Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
* trif.ahwa[at]gmail.com
b) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Abstract
Asian sebass, barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Perciformes, Latidae) was first described in 1790 by the name of Holocentrus calcarifer by Bloch. The name of genus Lates by Cuvier & Valenciennes (1828) was given to comprise other species, including Nile perch (L. niloticus). Lates calcarifer is a type of fresh-seawater fish that has high economic value comparable to salmon and tuna. The population of Asian seabass in Australia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Japan was reported in different types. Lates lacdiva from Sri Lanka had a lower height than L. uwisara (Myanmar) and L. calcarifer (Australia). However, the attempt to describe and assess the diversity of Lates in Indonesia, including in the Bone Bay and Makassar Strait have never been done. This study analyzed the morphology and genetic diversity of barramundi caught in the Bone Bay and Makassar Strait waters as an effort to document and map species richness. Both morphological and genetic diversity of barramundi caught in both sites were low. The body was elongated with black caudal-fin. Barramundi from Bone Bay had a white-silver color, while those from the Makassar Strait were greenish in color. Dorsal-fin was divided in two parts with base of second dorsal fin less than that of first dorsal-fin. Third dorsal-fin spine longest. Dorsal-fin spines of Asian seabass from the Makassar Strait were more varied than that Bone Bay. Anal-fin spines of Asian Seabass from Bone Bay were varied than that Makassar strait with third anal-fin spine longest (III>II>I). The pectoral-fin was shorter than the pelvic-fin. The pelvic-fin did not reach the anus and generally separate, but in some specimens are fused by a thin membrane. Caudal-fin was rounded and consisted of 15-18 weak spines. Body height was 29.30- 33.35% to standard length (SL), with certain specimen was found with height up to 37.50% from SL. One small spine in the operculum with a position above the lateral line, and 4-5 small spines at the bottom of the pre-operculum. The highest genetic distance was 0.16% while the number of haplotypes was two with 0.00045 nucleotide diversity.

Keywords
Asian seabass, barramundi, Lates calcariver, morphological and genetic diversity, Bone Bay, Makassar Strait

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HJ4taCQyxjG9

Corresponding Author
Lirofiatillah Lirofiatillah

Institutions
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
State University of Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that produce oil which have the potential for fuel production. Increasing the growth of microalgae can be done by co-culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of photobioreactor prototype shape, aeration period and interaction between the aeration period and the photobioreactor prototype form on the growth of co-culture Chlorella sp cells with bacteria. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The form of the prototype used is the cube and horizontal plate. The treatment of different aeration periods consists of 6A: 18TA; 12A: 12TA; 18A: 6 TA and 24 A: 0 TA (A = Aeration, TA = No Aeration). The study was carried out by observing Chlorella sp cell density in co-culture with bacteria every 7 days. The results showed that the optimal prototype shape was a horizontal plate with an average cell density of 11.48x10 4 cells/ml. Horizontal plates are also often referred to as flat panels. This flat panel photobioreactor has a length and height and a narrow width to allow for greater penetration of light. Aeration serves to prevent the deposition of microalgae and the homogenization of the environment, so that all cells can obtain light and food, facilitate gas exchange between the cultivation and air environments. The optimal aeration period was 12 hours aeration: 12 hours not aerated with a mean cell density of 38.8 x10 4 cells/ml. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the treatment of prototype forms and aeration periods towards the growth of Chlorella sp cells co-culture with bacteria. The results also showed that there was no interaction between the different aeration periods and the photobioreactor prototype on the growth of co-culture Chlorella sp cells with bacteria.

Keywords
Prototype, photobioreactor, aeration, co-culture

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zNZYgRw9BA76

Corresponding Author
Dwi Pipit Indriyanti

Institutions
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
(2) Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Industri Turen

a) mimien.henie.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
b) dwipipitindriyanti13[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Research with the title phytoremediation of Krebet Sugar Factory wastewater using water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) to reduce levels of BOD and COD has been carried out in March-June of 2019. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) on BOD levels and COD in Krebet Sugar Mill wastewater with phytoremediation technique. The research method used is the posttest-only control group design, which is conducting experiments on liquid waste taken at three points on the waste stream using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) with three replications. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Krebet Sugar Mill wastewater treatment with phytoremediation technique using water spinach plants was able to reduce BOD parameters by 5.49 mg / L at the first point, 2.532 mg / L at the second point, and 5.2 mg / L at the third point, while COD was 7.79 mg / L at the first point, 12.56 mg / L at the second point, and 12.15 mg / L at the third point. The conclusion is the phytoremediation technique using water spinach plants influential to reduce the levels of BOD and COD in liquid waste

Keywords
fitoremediation, water spinach plants, BOD, COD

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZWPfLDBr9eGT

Corresponding Author
FATCHUR ROHMAN

Institutions
(a) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia
(b) Graduate students of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Malang Indonesia

Abstract
The research on birds biodiversity with their plant preferences has been done in the water sources area of Sumber Kendedes, Sumber Waras, and Sumber Taman, Malang, East Java Province. The aim of this research was to explore the composition of birds based on their conservation status and the analysis of birds community with their plant-s preferences around the water sources. The silent observation was used to scrutinize the birds around those areas. The observation was done by binocular and camera, to observe and to photograph the examined birds respectively. Subsequently, the recognized plant was noted to analyze as the birds preferences. The results of this research showed that in Sumber Kendedes are composing of 15 species of birds. In this area, the plant preference is Ficus racemosa L.. While at the Sumber Waras are consists of 13 bird species, with their plants preferences are Ficus sp., and Bamboo. Furthermore, at the Sumber Taman are consists of 25 species, with their plants preferences are Ficus sp., Albizia chinensis, and Bamboo. The level of biodiversity is at a moderate level, as well as the level of species richness. Meanwhile, the level of equality of individual was tending to low.

Keywords
Biodiversity, Birds, Plants preferences, Water sources

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WjJZ4aDUyH9B

Corresponding Author
Vivi Novianti

Institutions
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The inhibitory potential of plants during early succession is crucial but little appreciated. Negative effects of these species can slow, arrest, or deflect succession. Aggressive invaders suppress plantings or nurse plants suppress desired target species. Such an inhibitory effect often causes problems during restoration. Study aggressive invaders would assist in informing ecological restoration. Here, line transects was used to investigate species composition and its characteristic on seven coal mine overburden dumping site in tropical climate. There are 124 plant species invaded coal mine overburden on early succession, and 70 of them are classified as invasive species, such as Acacia mangium, Chromolaena odorata, Centrosoma pubescens, Micania micrantha, Imperata cylindrica, and Lantana camara. Acacia mangium and Centrosoma pubescens which are widely planted for reclamation purposes on ex-coal mine area categorized invasive species. The negative impact of these species on inhibition of succession has been seen in certain location. Therefore, understanding the nature of species can facilitate the development of target species for accelerating succession.

Keywords
Invasive plants, overburden spoil, coal mine, succession, ecological restoration

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UqY9tfMdZVpW

Corresponding Author
Alif Rofiqotun Nurul Alimah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Single bulb garlic contains high sulfur compounds and widely used to reduce cholesterol. The imbalanced between Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), increase of Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol will trigger various diseases including atherosclerosis. This study aimed to analyze the lipid profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with single bulb garlic extract. This research used twenty-four eight-week-old mice Balb/C grouped into six groups; normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with 26 mg/kg BW simvastatin (HFD + simv), HFD with single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW respectively. Simvastatin and SBGE administrated daily for thirty day. At the end of the research, mice were sacrificed, then blood was collected from the heart and sentrifuged to obtain serum. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The results showed that administration of a SBGE was able to restore HDL and LDL concentration and reduce cholesterol and tryglyceride levels significantly (p<0.05) in mice with HFD. Our result suggest that SBGE could use as supplement or therapy to treat atherosclerosis.

Keywords
Single bulb garlic, high fat diet, lipid profile, atherosclerosis

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9nGrAFQL7ujN

Corresponding Author
Hartatiek Hartatiek

Institutions
1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang
2Department of Physics, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang

Abstract
The HAp scaffold has poor biodegradation. To increase biodegradation of HAp, it was composited with PVA, PEG and Chitosan polymers which had faster biodegradation properties. Nanofiber PVA/CS/PEG/HAp composites as scaffold in bone tissue engineering are prepared by electrospinning. The composition of HA varies 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% v. HAp was synthesized from natural deposits and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to obtain phase, crystallinity and crystal size. Surface morphology and porosity of nanofiber composites were characterized by SEM-EDX. Increasing the concentration of HAp can increase the average diameter of the nanofiber and reduce porosity. Composite biodegradation of PVA/CS/PEG/HAp was also evaluated. Biodegradation test was carried out by immersing the sample in SBF solution (Simulated Body Fluid) for 1-4 weeks and the fastest mass reduction occurred in HAp (0%) and decreased with increasing concentration of HAp. This nanofiber HAp/CS/PEG/HAp composite can be applied as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering.

Keywords
morphology, porosity. biodegradation, scaffold, nanofiber

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JwUAx7rPE6ad

Corresponding Author
Rahmi Masita

Institutions
(a) Department of Biology, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang no. 5, Malang 65151, Indonesia
(*)rahmi.masita.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
(b) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Abstract
Dengue is mosquito borne diseases cause by dengue virus and found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide. There is no specific treatment has been found for its cure. Exploration of secondary metabolites as antiviral is an attempt to treat Dengue. Agarwood, an aromatic sap-producing plant, contains secondary metabolites which are possibly antiviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of ethanolic extract of agarwood leaves of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. (AM) and Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke (GV) as antiviral dengue. Agarwood leaves were extracted with soxhletation using 96% ethanol. Dengue serotype 3 (DEN-3) virus propagated in C6/36 cells. Cytotoxicity tests using WST-1 reagents and antiviral extract activity were carried out in Vero cells. Concentration of extracts used ranged from 15.6 to 1000 ppm. Secondary metabolite group from the extract with the best activity was determined using TLC and various detection reagents. The results showed that AM and GV had relatively low toxicity with theoretical CC50 of 566,154 ppm and 1499,167 ppm. GV extract showed better performance for antiviral activity based on RT-PCR up to 99.59% compared to the control at concentrations >125 ppm. Antiviral potential secondary metabolites detected in GV ethanolic extract are flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.

Keywords
dengue virus, agarwood, antiviral, secondary metabolites, tropical disease

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tkRXAjG2zEnC

Corresponding Author
Heru Cahyono

Institutions
1Malang Birding Tour, Jln. Skam No. 578 Prigen, Pasuruan , 67157
2Indonesian Genetic and Biodiversity Community, Jl Ikan Mujair No. 15. Tunjung Sekar, Lowokwaru, Malang

Abstract
Birds photography is one of the most popular hobbies in recent decade. Indonesia has the largest number of endemic Pitta species, favorite birds for photographers especially for Pitta Chaser. Involving local wisdom in bird conservation is the best way to conserve birds in their habitat due to forest degradation and illegal trading. The aim of this research is to involve local people in the conservation of Javan Banded Pitta, Elegant Pitta, Sumba Pitta, 2 sub-species of North Moluccan Pitta, Ivory-breasted Pitta, and Sula Pitta trough Pitta Photography Tourism. This research was conducted in six islands which consist of supporting habitat of 7 kind of Pittas, i.e R. Soeryo Forest Park, Kerandangan Forest, Gamalama Mountain, Aketajawe Lolobata NP, Matalawa NP, and Peleng Island. This research took place from August 2016 to July 2019. The method used was field observation and descriptive analysis. The study showed that Pitta Photography Tourism is the best way to involves local wisdom in Pitta conservation. Feeding places are made by local people in every spot to protect the birds existence. This way, local people will preserve their habitat to get extra income from this tourism, and their awareness has increased concerning other endemic birds in their area.

Keywords
Pittas, birds photography tourism, local wisdom, feeding places.

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JAT7E43K9Zgn

Corresponding Author
Facischa Ayu Irviandari

Institutions
Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
(*) fuad.jayamiharja[at]umm.ac.id

Abstract
The existence of organic waste is believed to be the cause of changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the river environment, which have an impact on the diversity of macrozoobenthos in it. However, not many studies have revealed what variables are highly correlated with macrozoobenthos diversity. This study aims to determine the impact of shrimp pond waste inputs and the variables that most correlate with macrozoobenthos diversity. This quantitative descriptive study uses purposive random sampling technique. Sampling was carried out at five stations along the Kali Jeruk - Trenggalek, East Java stream with three repetitions. The identification of macrozoobenthos was carried out in the Fisheries Laboratory while testing physical and chemical parameters was carried out in the laboratory of Perum Jasa Tirta - Malang, East Java. The diversity of macrozoobenthos was analyzed using test principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that macrozoobenthos were found in ten species from three classes, seven families, and nine genera. Meanwhile, the parameters that correlate most strongly with macrozoobenthos diversity are dissolved oxygen (DO).

Keywords
Macrozoobenthos diversity; organic waste; Litopenaeus vannamei

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/K9PUuFqZBfAT

Corresponding Author
Nur Fitriana

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Current breast cancer treatment has shifted to using natural ingredients such as C. zedoaria high potential and low side effect. Previous studies have identified that compounds in C. zedoaria are capable as anti-proliferative, increasing apoptosis and anti-metastasis. However, information the mechanism of roles its active compound for CXCR4 inhibition in the carcinogenesis process unknown. C_X_C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). CXCR4 has been reported to play an important role for prognosis and potential drug target in breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze the potential effect of active compound from C. zedoaria as breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents through CXCR4 inhibition. Binding affinity analysis through molecular docking shows that 11 active compounds have the potential inhibiting CXCR4 with smallest binding affinity and same binding site with Chalcone and Epirubicin. However, Stigmasterol, Campesterol, and β-sitosterol have lowest binding affinity than the other active compound. Protein interaction analysis illustrates that CXCR4 can interact with various protein, including CXCL12, STAT3, and JAk2, used as a diagnostic marker and poor prognosis factor for cancer. These data indicate that active compounds from C. zedoaria highly potential as anti-breast cancer. Additional research is needed to validate above data.

Keywords
Breast cancer, C. zedoaria, CXCR4

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zpK8xFhA9nuq

Corresponding Author
Siti Nur Arifah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory of artery wall by lipoprotein oxidation. Food with high content of fat is one of causes increases the level of LDL. The increase in LDL level increases free radicals in form of ROS and causing to be easily oxidized into Ox-LDL. Ox-LDL triggers the activation of macrophage and Th17 cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Treatment for atherosclerosis uses simvastatin could influence the activity of nervous system, so that safe treatment with herbal treatment, one of examples is single bulb garlic. The research aims to find out the influence of single bulb garlic oil on the decrease ROS thus it could inhibit IL-6 secretion and the number of lymphocytes in mice with high fat diet (HFD). Mice were feed with high fat diet for 45 days and treated for 30 days. Mice were grouped into 6 groups, normal, HFD with simvastatin 26 mg/kg BW, single bulb garlic oil 0 mg/kg BW, 12.5 mg/kg BW, 25 mg/kg BW, and 50 mg/kg BW. In the end of treatment, mice were dissected for collection of (1) serum in order to measure its level using ELISA with ROS and IL-6 antibodies, (2) aorta from heart to measure its expression using IHC-F with IL-6 antibody, lymphocyte from bone marrow and spleen was calculated for the number of cells using light microscope. The result indicated that the single bulb garlic oil has influence on decrease of ROS level, IL-6 level, IL-6 expression and the number of lymphocyte.

Keywords
single bulb garlic oil, ROS, IL-6, lymphocyte

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nRTpKAWEewUV

Corresponding Author
Teresa Liliana Wargasetia

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha,
Jl. Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri MPH 65 Bandung 40164, Indonesia
* Teresa.lw[at]med.maranatha.edu
b) Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Sea cucumbers have a wide distribution and high abundance in Indonesia. Previous research has shown that sea cucumbers have an anticancer function and have toxicity to various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, we identified the anticancer compounds of the sea cucumber Holothuria sp. collected from South Malang sea. Holothuria sp was extracted using methanol, then the active compound content was analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). From the results of the analysis, it is known that the methanol extract of Holothuria sp. contains 3 types of anticancer compounds namely holothurin A, holothurin B, and holothurin B3. Based on in silico analysis, it is estimated that the holothurin compounds have target proteins namely BCL2 and PTPN2 which play an important role in the process of apoptosis and cell cycle. The results of this study show that sea cucumbers can be used as anticancer, although various in vitro and in vivo tests are needed to prove the anticancer mechanism.

Keywords
anticancer, apoptosis, Holothuria sp., holothurin, sea cucumber

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ECXqUycGxbKr

Corresponding Author
ida farida adi prawira

Institutions
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract
Several countries worldwide are implementing tax incentives through various policies. This study investigated implementations of tax incentives though revaluation of fixed assets in Indonesia. Using the Research and Development approach through exploration studies. This research is not designed to test hypotheses, but describes the data, facts and trends that occur, then analyzed and recommended the Fixed Assets Revaluation policy model as what must be made to improve taxpayer compliance which can then increase tax revenues. Data is obtained by interview techniques, with respondents consisting of Tax Officer, Corporate Taxpayers and Experts in the field of Asset Valuation Accounting. The results of the study aim to be used as input for the Directorate General of Taxes in making tax incentive policies in Revaluation of Fixed Assets.

Keywords
tax incentive, fixed asset revaluation

Topic
Financial Management and Accounting

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HUnzBZvQWGjX

Corresponding Author
Susanti Wulandari

Institutions
a) Department of Biology Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, West Java, Indonesia, Phone. (022) 2001937
*susantiwulandari[at]upi.edu
b) Department of Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudi No. 229 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Phone. (022) 2001937
widodo[at]upi.edu

Abstract
Learning the materials about Animal Kingdom tends to be memorizing activities. Students assume that the materials are difficult to understand because the characteristics of this materials are descriptive and terms of complex anatomy and morphological structures. In order to eliminate the students- negative paradigm regarding the material about the Animal Kingdom, this research on instructional materials has been carried out to support 21st century skills. This research aimed to obtain relevant instructional materials, which was prepared based on students- prior knowledge. Research and Development method was used to develop this learning materials. This learning material is made based on students- prior knowledge and developed in accordance with propositions from the main references. The trial was conducted on 30 tenth-grade students. The result showed that students as the user of these learning materials were interested in invertebrate topic and also the exercises. The integration of learning materials and computer-based quiz are important to facilitate students- meaningful learning in 21st century.

Keywords
Invertebrates; 21st century skills; prior knowledge; learning materials

Topic
Pedagogy

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZDPFYfrhW3xv

Corresponding Author
Hedi Hastriawan

Institutions
a) hedihastriawan[at]ymail.com, University of Mulawarman
b) anis_utary[at]ymail.com, University of Mulawarman
c) musdalifah.azis[at]gmail.com, University of Mulawarman

Abstract
Firm value is a very important thing because it will affect the investors decision to invest in the company. One of the factors that can influence company value is the companys financial performance. Based on IHSG data at closing date of February 20, 2018, the IHSG posted its highest position at the level of 6,693, where the mining sector had the highest rate of return of 26.99%. In the mining sector, the coal mining subsector has the largest number. Coal mining companies are companies with strongly influenced by the movement of predetermined global commodity prices called Reference Coal Prices (HBA). HBA experienced a significant increase since November 2016 to reach its highest point in August 2018 at a price of USD 107.83 per ton. Based on this, the researchers are interested in making an impact of coal prices on financial performance toward coal mining company value. The results showed that the financial performance of the value of coal mining companies proxied by profitability had a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile the impact of coal prices can only strengthen and moderate the effect of financial performance as measured by profitability on the value of coal mining companies.

Keywords
Financial Performance; Firm Value; Coal Prices

Topic
Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MCX7uag24GJ8

Corresponding Author
musdalifah azis

Institutions
FEB Universitas Mulawarman

Abstract
Firm value is a very important thing because it will affect the investors decision to invest in the company. One of the factors that can influence company value is the companys financial performance. Based on IHSG data at closing date of February 20, 2018, the IHSG posted its highest position at the level of 6,693, where the mining sector had the highest rate of return of 26.99%. In the mining sector, the coal mining subsector has the largest number. Coal mining companies are companies with strongly influenced by the movement of predetermined global commodity prices called Reference Coal Prices (HBA). HBA experienced a significant increase since November 2016 to reach its highest point in August 2018 at a price of USD 107.83 per ton. Based on this, the researchers are interested in making an impact of coal prices on financial performance toward coal mining company value. The results showed that the financial performance of the value of coal mining companies proxied by profitability had a positive and significant effect and also solvency had a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile the impact of coal prices can only strengthen and moderate the effect of financial performance as measured by profitability on the value of coal mining companies.

Keywords
Financial Performance, Firm Value, Coal Prices

Topic
Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QVnK3m2LqJWG

Corresponding Author
Nur Yusuf Oktavia

Institutions
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya

Abstract
Currently, emotions recognition has been attracting a lot of interest for researchers in various field, so as in the study of human-computer interaction (HCI). One of an interesting issue in HCI emotions study is the use of physiological signals, such as electrocardiograph (ECG), blood vessel pressure (BVP), electroencephalograph (EEG), and any others signals to recognize emotions. Among all physiological signals, EEG is known to be the most reliable modality to understand emotions processing and perceptions. Therefore, this study observed emotions recognition through EEG signals by investigating emotions cue from time domain features extraction for differentiating two class of emotions, namely, happy and sad. We developed an EEG based emotion dataset from 12 participants with 4 recording channels of EEG cap, i.e., AF3, AF4, O1, and O2. The time domain features of mean, standard deviation and number of peaks were extracted from alpha and beta frequency bands. For the recognition, we train the features set into Naïve Bayes learning classifier. From the results, it was shown that feature of mean gives the highest contribution to the classification. Moreover, from the observation of frequency bands, the combination of alpha and beta bands tend to provide better accuracy in emotion recognition rather than using alpha or beta frequency alone. The highest classification result of Naïve Bayes reached 87.5% accuracy of emotions recognition with 66% split testing option.

Keywords
Emotion from EEG, Statistical features, Naïve Bayes Classifier

Topic
Computer Science and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UmjkqupE2tLy

Corresponding Author
Agung Sedayu

Institutions
State Islamic University of Malang

Abstract
The Terboyo Terminal Semarang had been officially closed its operations and services in 2018 by the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. This terminal is a terminal type A that has an important role as a transit point for public transport between cities between provinces that connects between Surabaya-Jakarta via the northern coastline. This study aims to evaluate the performance degradation factors that cause this terminal service to be closed, so that this research can be used as a recommendation so that there is no recurrence of the failure of transportation infrastructure development, especially road transport passenger terminals. The data collection phase uses a questionnaire distributed to a number of respondents. The research respondents are terminal users who are aware of terminal developments, namely public transport passengers, public transport operators and commercial area tenants. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the composition of the dependent variable components are terminal performance and independent variables covering the reliability of transportation, architectural aesthetics, material and structure, utility and environment, and behavior and social interaction. The results describe that the five independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable of terminal performance. The utilities and environmental independent variable become a variable with the most significant level of influence. This result is relevant to the current terminal problems, namely the utility of buildings and terminal areas that are not good, where the terminal area often floods due to the proximity of the Java sea coast.

Keywords
Evaluation; decline; performance factors; passenger terminal; road transport

Topic
Civil Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4DcNmntpJPbj

Corresponding Author
Mohd Daud Awang

Institutions
Universiti Putra Malaysia

Abstract
This paper is prepared for observing the role of Islamic banking institutions in assisting Muslim Halal Entrepreneurs (MHE) who have obtained business financing from Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia. Based on the analysis of the interviews conducted by the researchers on Islamic banking institutions, it shows that Islamic banking institutions have been instrumental in helping Muslim Halal Entrepreneurs (MHE); either to start a business or expand existing business. In this study, the researchers used the method of in-depth interviews. Interview data were analyzed based on the themes of the study that have been identified by the researchers. The findings of this study have shown that Islamic banking institutions have played their extensive role in helping Muslim Halal Entrepreneurs (MHE) in achieving success in the field of entrepreneurship in the country.

Keywords
Business Financing, Halal Muslim Entrepreneurs, Islamic Banking Institutions

Topic
Islamic Banking, Finance, Insurance, and Sharia Accounting

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VyaWhUNvtKDb

Corresponding Author
Arif Juliansyah

Institutions
a) Departmen of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65115, Indonesia
*arif.juliansyah.1803228[at]students.um.ac.id
b) Advance Material and Mineral Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65115, Indonesia

Abstract
The gold mining is carried out by the people of Labuan Kuris village traditionally, with processing sites that are close to the Watershed that allow river flow to be contaminated with heavy metals from gold processing waste. One effort to understand such environmental conditions is to study the properties of magnetic minerals contained in river sediments using the method of rock magnetism. Sampling of river sediments from upstream to downstream is 30 points. This study aims to determine the comparison of magnetic properties in river sediments before and after exposure to gold processing wastes through the value of magnetic susceptibility (lf and hf) measured using Suceptibilitymeter Bartington MS2B. The results showed that the average low frequency magnetic susceptibility (lf) of river sediment samples before exposure to waste was 810.66 x (10-8m3kg-1), whereas for low frequency magnetic susceptibility values (lf) after sediment samples were exposure to waste is 19,746.37 x (10-8m3kg-1). The mean value of lf indicates that there is an increase in the value of river sediment magnetic susceptibility from upstream to downstream before and after exposure to peoples mine waste.

Keywords
Magnetic susceptibility; River sediments; Community mines

Topic
Environmental Magnetism

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VQTjn7tCqARG

Corresponding Author
Suryanto Suryanto

Institutions
UMY

Abstract
Learning activities to speak Indonesian for foreign speakers have been carried out in a conventional way so that the presence of the teachers is still highly needed. Consequently, learning activities require learning media that can support speaking skills. One A learning media alternative that is widely used in various learning activities is information technology. Android-based voice dictionary application is one of the media to learn speaking by utilizing the development of information technology. The development of this application is done by inputting voice data from words, letters, and numbers in Indonesian. This voice dictionary media application can be accessed offline through mobile phone so that it can be used without limitation of time and place. With this voice dictionary application, foreign speakers can learn to speak independently by listening to the speech sounds of the words that are available.

Keywords
design, learning media, voice dictionary application

Topic
International Symposium on Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, and Religious Studies

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/r4FpWuYVUR9v

Corresponding Author
Untoro Untoro

Institutions
FACULTY OF LAW, ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA

Abstract
ABSTRACT Constitutions in all countries can almost be said to reflect the division of legislative, executive, and judicial powers. The idea of the separation of powers is the idea of Monstesquieu who taught the importance of the separation of powers in a country. The State Administrative Court as one of the judicial authorities has the authority to examine the validity of State Administrative Decisions, the object of dispute, which can be tested ex-tunc or ex-nunc. Ex-tunc testing or ex-nunc is done before the judge gives a verdict. This research is doctrinal research with a philosophical approach. The methodology used is qualitative. The first problem that arises is how judges consider to implement ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The second problem, what are the philosophical implications with the implementation of ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The first aim of the study was to analyze the consideration of judges applying ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The second objective is to analyze the philosophical implications of the implementation of ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The results of the study revealed that ex tunc testing meant that testing had begun since the preparation of the formation, the formation process until the publication of the State Administrative Decree. In other words ex tunc testing is retroactive. Ex nunc testing is carried out by paying attention to the things that are happening now by the time the decision has been made and there have been changes in both changes in regulations, conditions and government policies concerning the contents of the Administrative Decision of the State being sued. The philosophical implications are to realize justice and prosperity in the issuance of state administrative decisions.

Keywords
ABSTRACT Constitutions in all countries can almost be said to reflect the division of legislative, executive, and judicial powers. The idea of the separation of powers is the idea of Monstesquieu who taught the importance of the separation of powers in a country. The State Administrative Court as one of the judicial authorities has the authority to examine the validity of State Administrative Decisions, the object of dispute, which can be tested ex-tunc or ex-nunc. Ex-tunc testing or ex-nunc is done before the judge gives a verdict. This research is doctrinal research with a philosophical approach. The methodology used is qualitative. The first problem that arises is how judges consider to implement ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The second problem, what are the philosophical implications with the implementation of ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The first aim of the study was to analyze the consideration of judges applying ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The second objective is to analyze the philosophical implications of the implementation of ex tunc or ex nunc testing. The results of the study revealed that ex tunc testing meant that testing had begun since the preparation of the formation, the formation process until the publication of the State Administrative Decree. In other words ex tunc testing is retroactive. Ex nunc testing is carried out by paying attention to the things that are happening now by the time the decision has been made and there have been changes in both changes in regulations, conditions and government policies concerning the contents of the Administrative Decision of the State being sued. The philosophical implications are to realize justice and prosperity in the issuance of state administrative decisions.

Topic
Administratif Law

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dpTLckneNA7B

Corresponding Author
Esha Ardiansyah

Institutions
Faculty of Math and Science, Univesitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Diabetes Type 2 caused by insulin resistance. The majority of insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycemia and obesity. Obesity is caused by high fat diet and causes side effects of fatty liver. Fatty liver will cause toxic lipid metabolites to increase, causing liver mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Liver mitochondrial dysfunction results in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and SGOT enzymes will be released into the bloodstream, which results in increased SGOT in the blood. The purpose of this study was to study the combination of purple sweet potato extract and black soybean tempeh on liver cell necrosis and level SGOT. Rats made Type 2 DM with permeate High Fat Diet (HFD), 10% sucrose and Streptozotocin (STZ) injection intraperitoneally Multiple Low Doses. The treatment was carried out for 30 days with 8 treatment groups. Surgery is take blood samples and liver organ to be prepared. Blood is centrifuged to get blood serum. The serum was mixed with SGOT reagents and measured the absorbance using spectrophotometric methods. Preparations were stained using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method to see the percentage of liver cell necrosis. The results of the study after analyzing one-way ANOVA showed that purple sweet potato extract and black soybean tempeh had a significant effect on reduced the SGOT levels was 168 U/L and percentage of necrotic cells was 32,4%. In the future, it is expected that black soybean plants can be used to be processed into large-scale tempeh and marketed to surrounding communities and the rate of diabetes can be prevented.

Keywords
Purple sweet potato extract, Black soybean tempe extract, SGOT levels, Liver cell necrosis, DM Type 2.

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Njvexq6Wr8yp

Corresponding Author
Andrew Jonatan

Institutions
1 Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
2Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
3Doctoral Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
4Medical Doctor Study Progam, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
5Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
6 Pathology Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
In the beginning of the menopause transition, most women experienced an increase in body weight and fat along with a decrease in lean body mass. Weight gain during menopause is related to declined circulating levels of estrogen. Obesity during menopause is related to many diseases, including cardiovascular accident. α7 nAChR is one of the receptors that can be activated by nicotine. Activation of α7nAChR can improve energy homeostasis. Administration of nicotine also can suppress appetite and body weight. Nicotine also has been reported to have antioxidant properties as well. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the effectiveness of nicotine in preventing weight gain and increasing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in ovariectomized Wistar rats. We did in vivo true experimental and randomized post-test only controlled group research in 18-20 weeks old Rattus norvegicus. We examine body weight and SOD activity in aorta abdominals as a marker of antioxidant activity. The first group was normal rats (Sham). The second to fifth group underwent bilateral ovariectomy. The second group represents the ovariectomy group (ovariectomy-only/OVX). The third to fifth group was dose 1 (P1 - .0.25 mg/kg), dose 2 (P2 - 0,5 mg/kg), and Dose 3 (P3 - 0,75 mg/kg) treatment group. Group P1-P3 was given daily per-oral nicotine for 28 days, started 3 weeks after ovariectomy. During day 29 after treatment, the organs were harvested. After treatment with nicotine was given, all the nicotine-treated group has lower body weight and weight gain compared to Ovx group. During the last measurement, statistically significant lower body weight was found in group P2 and P3 compared to Ovx group. P3 group was significantly higher SOD activity compared to the OVX group. Finally, we conclude that nicotine administration can prevent weight gain and it has antioxidant manner.

Keywords
Body Weight, Menopause, Nicotine, Obesity, Superoxide Dismutase

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8r7qBh6ZEYQj

Corresponding Author
Shelby Amrus Ernanda

Institutions
1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
2Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
3Doctoral Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
4Medical Doctor Study Progam, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
5Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
6Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Menopause is a condition where a woman lost protection from estrogen, causing susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Such condition is caused by narrowing of arterial lumen induced by increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activity and inflammation. It was reported that nicotine can reduce ROS production and act as anti-inflammation agent. Therefore, we conducted a research to explore the possibility of using nicotine to prevent arterial wall thickening and to reduce free radical activity. We did in vivo true experimental and randomized post-test only controlled group research in 18-20 weeks old Rattus norvegicus. We examine tail arterial wall thickness, lumen radius, and Wall to Lumen Ratio (WTLR), as well as Malondialdehyde (MDA) level as marker of ROS. The first group was normal rats (Sham). The second group represent ovariectomy group (ovariectomy-only/OVX). The third to fifth group was ovariectomized and given nicotine in dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight (P1), 0.5 mg/kg (P2), and 0.75 mg/kg (P3). Group P1-P3 was given daily nicotine by oral route for 4 weeks, started from 3 weeks post ovariectomy. After treatment period was completed, needed organ was harvested. MDA levels of P3 were significantly lower than Ovx group (p = 0.036, Tukey HSD). P2 groups showed significantly thinner arterial wall (intimal-medial layer) than the Ovx group (p = 0.001, Tukey HSD). No significant different in lumen radius between groups was observed. WTLR measurement showed that P1, P2, and P3 has 6%, 42%, and 3% lower WTLR compared to Ovx group, respectively. Finally, we conclude that nicotine administration can prevent tail arterial wall thickening and has antioxidant Property.

Keywords
Arterial Wall Thickness, Malondialdehyde, Nicotine, Menopause, Ovariectomy

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZnNrCKFwYpcB

Corresponding Author
Tutut Indria Permana

Institutions
Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java, Indonesia
*tutut.indria[at]umm.ac.id

Abstract
The lead (Pb) contamination occurred in waters brings detrimental effect to human-s life. As one of the most essential natural resources widely used, the waters exposure with lead harms human body system in term of increasing risk disease factors such as cancer, stroke, memory problems, as considerable as high blood pressure. One of the alternative solutions for this issue is utilizing microalgae as bioremediation agent. This study investigated the bioremediation potential of Pb using marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. This comparative study employes five lead concentration waters i.e. 0.5; 0.7; 0.9; 1.1; and 1.3 ppm. The data gained was then analyzed by calculating the percentage efficiency of absorbed Pb by N.oculata. The results showed that within seven days culture, the highest efficiency occured in the treatment of 1.3 ppm water. Thus it can be concluded that N.oculata is able to be a bioremediation agent for Pb water contamination.

Keywords
bioremediation; lead contamination; microalgae; Nannochloropsis oculata

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ue6fmtT9zhrx