Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
ahmad wahyudi

Institutions
1Department of Agriculture Sciences, Directorate of Program Pascasarjana, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144, Indonesia
2Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144, Indonesia

Abstract
Background Dairy bull calves like friesien holstein (FH) has a potential as meat producer. Due to the genetic properties FH has better ADG than Ongole, (1.03 kg vs 0.81 kg) in intensive farming system. To reach optimum growth, bull calves require adequate nutrition. Giving total mixed ration (TMR) to bull calves was an effort to provide all nutrient in a singe feed. TMR provision can reduce feed selective and indigestion incident, stabilize rumen pH, and optimize feed utilization. TMR silages was fermented feed by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to prolong feed shelf due minimize nutrient damage from feed in fresh or wet condition. Xu et al. (2010) state that TMR silage can reduce energy costs associated with the process of drying and transporting wet products, and facilitating preservation in a silo containing various waste products from the food and/or agriculture industry. By products that are not palatable may be included in the ration, because the ensilage process can improve the smell and taste of by product material (Xu et al 2007, 2008). TMR silage was reported have a high digestibility and intake of dry matter in ruminants (Shioya, 2008). Agriculture by products consireded as cheapest feedstuff that could be used as carbohydrate sources in total mix ration for ruminants, but lack of protein content. To met animal requirements, urea was the easiest source to be added. Previous studies showed that urea could be added as many as 5% from feed dry matter. Aims: Evaluate the use urea on total mixed ration (TMR) and its silage on performance of post weaning Friesian Holstein (FH) bull calf. Material and Methods: Twentyseven of 6 to 7 months bulls were divided into 3 weight groups: small group calves S (100 – 105kg), moderate group M (111 – 116kg), and large group L(123 -133kg). Each group consisted 9 bulls to received 3 feed treatments T1 was total mixed ration (TMR) containing 1.5% urea, S2: TMR silage with 1.5%, and C0 was conventional feed contain concentrate and forage without urea. The measured parameters were intake, daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency Bulls were are kept for three months. Feed intake were recorded every weeks and ADG were measured at 6, 8, and 10 weeks Results: This study showed that 1.5% urea in TMR has equivalent effect to conventional feed in all measured parameters, and was higher than in its silage form. Body weight also influent feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion, and efficiency, the bigger bulls consumed more TMR than the others feed. On the other hand smaller bull consume more silage Conclusion: It could be concluded that the form of urea in feed and body weight affected the level of feed intake, ADG, conversion, and feed efficiency. Acknowledgment Refference Shioya S (2008) Future prospects of TMR center based on selfsupplying feed. Jpn J Grassl Sci 54: 178–181. Xu C C, Cai Y, Zhang J and Ogawa M. 2007. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of

Keywords
Urea, TMR, Silage, Friesian Holstein, Bull calves, Productivity

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/b4tTPGmjQNev

Corresponding Author
Yunilas Yunilas

Institutions
Animal Sciences Program Study, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan, Indonesia

Abstract
Corn is the main commodity of food crops in Indonesia. The planting area of corn continues to increase every year. Corn production can reach 10-12 tons/ha with waste ranging from 1.8-2.7 tons/ha. Corn crop waste in the form of corn straw, cob, and corn husk is very potential to be used as ruminant animal feed, but its use as animal feed is not yet optimal. Through the application of silage feed technology using additives, local microorganisms are expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local microorganism additives (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study uses a completely randomized design, factorial 3 x 3 with 3 replications. The factor I is various dosages of MOL (1%, 3%, 5%), Factor II in various fermentation times (7, 14, 21 days). The parameters observed included texture, color, flavor, and taste. The results showed that the MOL dosage and fermentation time had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the texture and flavor of silage, there was an interaction between the MOL dosage and the fermentation time. MOL dosage and fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the taste of silage and there was no interaction between MOL dosage and fermentation time. MOL dosage had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the silage color, but the fermentation time had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the silage color, and there was no interaction between MOL dosage and fermentation time. Conclusion: fermentation treatment at various dosages and time of fermentation can improve the physical quality of corn straw silage. The use of various dosage and duration of fermentation affect the texture, flavor, and taste of silage of corn straw, but does not affect the color of silage.

Keywords
additives, local microorganism, silage, corn waste

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2Wzf7vB86YCh

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Muhammad

Institutions
Universitas Darussalam Gontor (UNIDA)

Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main problem in increasing the production of black soybean is the absorption of the element nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Not yet the maximum absorption of nutrients by black soybean plants causes low yield production. Therefore one alternative that can be done to increase production by finding environmentally friendly technologies is to use mycorrhiza and PGPR to optimize the absorption of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. The general objective of this study is to find an effective combination of mycorrhizae, PGPR and Fertilizers. While the specific purpose of this study is to find mycorrhiza that are effective in nutrient absorption to increase chlorophyll content. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three factors: the first factor is mycorrhiza application, the second factor is PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and the third factor is the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Data from observations were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of the treatment being tried. If the results of the analysis have a significant effect then proceed with the LSD test (Least Significance Different) at a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the most effective application of mycorrhizae in increasing total chlorophyll content is pabrikan mycorrhiza without being combined with PGPR and fertilizer (TP.TR.MP: 80 g / ml). The most effective application of brawijaya mycorrhiza in increasing total chlorophyll content is brawijaya mycorrhiza combined with PGPR without fertilizer (TP.R.MB: 83 g / ml). The most effective application of mycorrhizal unida treatment in increasing total chlorophyll content is unida mycorrhiza without combined with PGPR and without fertilizer (TP.TR.MU: 80 g / ml). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chlorophyll a is the main pigment in photosynthesis whose function is to donate electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Chlorophyll a most effectively absorbs the spectrum with wavelengths of 429 nm and 659 nm. This chlorophyll reflects the blue-green color. Factors that influence the chlorophyll content are nutrients N, Mg, Fe and Light. All green plants contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a making up 75% of the total chlorophyll (Pratama and Laily, 2015). The results showed that there were very significant differences between mycorrhizal, PGPR and fertilizer treatments according to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In this study, it was found that there was a different response between mycorrhizae with other mycorrhizae towards fertilizer and PGPR. According to Pratama and Zakiah (2017) research, bacteria attached to hyphae show a close relationship between mycorrhizae and PGPR bacteria. fungal symbionts with host roots, the third on receiving host plants for the presence of root infections. Table. Total Chlorophyll Content No Treatment Average Notation 1 T

Keywords
Black Soybean, Chlorophyll, Mycorrhiza

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3ZEXCaqJUvhH

Corresponding Author
Diana Rachmawati

Institutions
Diponegoro University

Abstract
Background: Java Barb (Puntius javanicus) is one of the Indonesian native fish which is easily cultivated and has good demand with high price (Budiharjo, 2001). There were fish farmers in Muntilan, Central Java who have practiced very intensive aquaculture. One of the problems faced by the fish farmers from the practices was a decrease in water quality that slowed down the fish growth and also increased fish diseases that brought down fish production. One of the solutions to solve the problems was by adding immunostimulant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) into feed to promote growth and to improve immune system in the fish in order to protect from the diseases. The study was conducted at the Laboratory for Fish Health and Environment Assessment (Laboratorium Pengujian Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan -LPKIL), Muntilan, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia on April to July 2019. According to [1] immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) supplemented feed can improve growth rate and fish health. Moreover, [2] reported that β-glucan content in the yeast can boost immune system and disease resistance in the fish. Aims: The study aims to evaluate effects of immunostimulant yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented feed on growth rate and blood profile in Java Barb (P. javanicus). Materials and Methods: The 200 fingerlings of Java barb (P. javanicus) used in the study had an average weight of 5.64±0.87 g/fish. The study implemented experimental method using Completely Randomized Design with 5 (five) treatments and 4 (four) replicates. The treatments were by adding various doses of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into feed. Those treatment were T1 (0 g /kg feed), T2 (1 g /kg feed), T3 (2 g/kg feed), T4 (3 g/kg feed), and T5 (4 g/kg feed). The observed variables were immune system, Efficiency of Feed utilization (EFU), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Specific Growth Rate (RGR), Survival Rate (SR), blood profile and water quality. Statistical analysis using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test was employed to analyze observed variables [3]. The measurement of optimal dose of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) in the feed used polynomial orthogonal test with SAS9 and Maple12. Water quality was descriptively analyzed by comparing to the references to determine the water viability. Results: The results showed that the supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) in the feed significantly (P<0.05) influenced on EFU, FCR, PER and RGR; otherwise, it did not significantly influence on SR of Java Barb. The supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into the feed was expected to increase EFU, PER, RGR and to decrease FCR in Java barb. According to [4] that supplementation of immunostimulant yeast (S. cerevisiae) into the feed could increase enzyme activities in the digestive system. In turn, it could break down complex compound of the nutrients into simpler form of the nutrients

Keywords
Digestibility, enzyme, immunity, resistance

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GbWc9F7t8Lfq

Corresponding Author
Helda Syahfari

Institutions
Departemen of Faculty of Agriculture University August 17, 1945 Samarinda

Abstract
The research objectives are to: (1). Inventory of attacks of upas fungus (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) on rubber plants aged 4 years and (2). Calculate latex production in 7 year old rubber plants. The study was conducted in Sukomulyo village, West Kutai Regency since 2015 when the rubber plant was 4 years old and continued in 2019 when the rubber plant was more than 7 years old. The method used is to carry out an inventory of each of 500 rubber plants in 2 locations adjacent to calculating the frequency and intensity of attacks attacked by fungus upas (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) in 2015. In 2019 continued by conducting research into the calculation of latex production at these 2 locations. The results showed that the attack of pathogenic fungus upas (Corticium salmonicolor B.Et.Br) that attacked the rubber plants from the age of 3 years at 2 locations and at the age of 4 years symptoms appeared with marked outbreaks of tree trunks that eventually became dry. The result of inventory and calculation of attack frequency at location 1 is 1.2% with attack intensity 0.9% and at location 2 attack frequency is 2.4% with attack intensity 1.8%. At the age of 7 years rubber plants affected by the umas fungus growth is stunted and can not remove the sap with marked dry peel tree skin. Production of rubber tapping at location 1 is 530 kg / ha / month and at location 2 is 400 kg / ha / month. The yield of rubber produced at location 1 was higher due to the presence of urea and NPK fertilizer every 3 months and location 2 only 4 months. The low frequency and intensity of upas fungus pathogens at location 1 due to the maintenance and control of the disease since the beginning of planting and intensive fertilization and the addition of fertilizer dosage. Keyword: Disease Inventory, Rubber Latex Production

Keywords
Disease Inventory, Rubber Latex Production

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4PYFJvRDyVAX

Corresponding Author
Dony Prasetyo

Institutions
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
In the rumen, there are many cellulolytic bacteria that help the digestive process of Ruminantia. Cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria that have the ability to break down cellulose into glucose monomers and make it a source of carbon and energy source. This bacterium has the potential to be used as probiotics in fish feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rumen cellulolytic bacteria in feed on growth performance of tilapia, this study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 replications at doses of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Tilapia fish 6-8 cm in size, as many as 50 fish in the pond were treated and observed for 1 month. The results showed that the administration of cellulolytic bacteria in feed could improve the growth performance of tilapia. Improvement can be seen in terms of absolute good weight of fish, specific growth rate (SGR), JKP (amount of feed consumption), EP (feed efficiency) and SR (life pass) which are also optimal for the growth performance of the tilapia at P2 treatment (dose 1.5%) and P3 (2% dose), it was concluded that the higher dose of cellulolytic bacteria can affect the growth performance of tilapia.

Keywords
Tilapia, cellulolytic bacteria, rumen bacteria, growth performance.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/t4dmv9QYGbaH

Corresponding Author
Novia Rahayu

Institutions
a) Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uniersitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, INDONESIA.
*noviarahayu[at]unper.ac.id
b) Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uniersitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya, INDONESIA.

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of giving katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynous) in the ration on egg production per week. Sixty quails laying in the production phase were divided into 4 treatment groups: 1) T0: rations without treatment, 2) T1 : rations with katuk leaf extract treatment 3.5g / kg ration, 3) T2 : rations with probiotic treatment (Bacillus sp. And Saccharomycess sp.), 4) T3 : ration with katuk leaf extract treatment 3.5g / kg ration + probiotics (Bacillus sp. And Saccharomycess sp.). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on egg production in the first week (P> 0.05), but had a significant effect on second week and third week (P <0.05). Duncans test results showed that the treatment of katuk leaf extract had the best effect on egg production in the second and third weeks.

Keywords
Egg production; katuk leaf extract; probiotics; quail

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vtZbxHKaFWw6

Corresponding Author
Ahimsa Kandi Sariri

Institutions
Animal Husbandry Department , Agriculture Fakulty Univet Bantara Sukoharjo Jl. Letjen S. Humardani No 1 Sukoharjo, kode pos 57512, Telp. (0271)593156, Fax (0271)591065

Abstract
This study aims to study the concentration of the addition of formic acid to the silage which is most effective in increasing the nutritive value of the Pennisetum purpureum silage. Formic acid used in liquid form which is divided into treatment 0; 0.15; 0,3 and 0,45% by weight of forage then cut off forages then divided into the treatment T0 = giving formic acid 0% by weight of forage, T1 = giving formic acid 0,15% by weight of forage, T2 = giving formic acid 0,3% forage weight, T3 = giving formic acid 0,45% forage weight. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The experimental design used was a randomized block design in the same direction. The analysis included water content, crude protein content and crude fiber silage content. This research can be concluded that the addition of 0.15% formic acid in the making of Pennisetum purpureum forage silage provides the best nutritive content and performance of 52.15% water content, PK 12.28%, crude fiber 9.51% and attractive performance that is fresh, warm and flavorful. acid, the addition of formic acid 0.3% in making forage silage Pennisetum purpureum gave nutritive content not significantly different from the control and the addition of formic acid 0.45% in making forage silage Pennisetum purpureum gave significantly different nutritive content (P <0.05) with control but low performance and perishable

Keywords
addition, formic acid, silage, forage, Pennisetum purpureum

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3mdEnTeYavWj

Corresponding Author
Indra Lesmana Rahayu

Institutions
1Department of Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA, 2Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, INDONESIA

Abstract
Background: Jembrana disease (JD) caused by Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV) becomes an obstacle in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) which is local Indonesian cattle. The development of JD vaccines has an important meaning to prevent losses the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia and is one of the models in the development of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vaccine. Development of vaccines for JDV is carried out DNA vaccines that are expected to be able to provide better immunological effects. But, the challenge in DNA vaccines is in the delivery system of target genes to cells, so to solve this problem, research is carried out on the use of chitosan as a protective molecule as well as carrying the target gene to cells. This research was conducted at the Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Postgraduate School, Gadjah Mada University in September 2018-March 2019 Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the low molecular weight chitosan (LC) entrapment towards pEGFP-C1-env-Tm in the formation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Low/pEGFP-C1-env-Tm complex (LC/pEGFP-C1-env-Tm). Materials and Methods: The env-Tm gene is inserted in pEGFP-C1 into the pEGFP-C1/env-Tm construct which is then transformed on the E. coli DH5α host. The construct is then formulated in the form of LC/pEGFP-C1/env-Tm complex with a low molecular weight chitosan concentration of 0.06% and the ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm:LC (wt/wt) is 1:0.5-1:3. The complexes are then analyzed by gel retardation assay agarose 1%. Results: The results of this study indicate that the best entrapment results of low molecular weight chitosan to pEGFP-C1/env-Tm is in the mass ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm:LC is 1:2. Conclusion: The best formulation entrapment for env-Tm by low molecular weight chitosan 0.06% is in the ratio 1:2.

Keywords
env-Tm gene, Jembrana Disease Virus, Low Molecular Weight Chitosan.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JrTGNw82uHfR

Corresponding Author
Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto

Institutions
(a).Graduate School of Business Management
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia.
Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131.

(b).Graduate School of Business Management.
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia.
Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131 Indonesia.

(c). Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Jl. Imam Bonjol 270 Semarang 50131 Indonesia

Abstract
Background: This study aims at investigating entrepreneurship orientation among the Central Java-s food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and its impact on their marketing performance, the method of their business towards the preservation of environment and sustainability through eco-innovation. This study also employed eco-innovation and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning adoption capability. The respondents of this study were withdrawn purposively from food industries located in Central Java. The software of SEM version 23 (Structural Equation Modelling) was utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that all the hypotheses namely entrepreneurship orientation, eco-innovation and ICT learning adoption capability have significant impact on marketing performance. The location of the study was in Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang and Kudus. The time frame of the study was between January 2019 to July 2019. Aims: This study aims at revealing that the practices of entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable business and environment friendly in the form of eco-innovation, together with ICT adoption learning have significant impact in boosting their marketing performance. Materials and Methods: this study made possible by withdrawing of 190 food SMEs as the respondents of the study, in Central Java by utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) version 23. Results: This study reveals that the practices of entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable business and environment friendly in the form of eco-innovation, together with ICT adoption learning have significant impact in boosting their marketing performance. Conclusion: The entrepreneurship orientation towards sustainable and eco-innovation has promoted and enhanced the respondents- marketing performance. Acknowledgment: the authors would like to thank to DPRM Kemenristek Dikti for giving the sponsorship of this study.

Keywords
entrepreneurship orientation, eco-innovation, ICT learning adoption capability, marketing performance.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Zj62ve3FbBhM

Corresponding Author
sujono -

Institutions
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Research on the use of fermented cacao seed skin waste (FCS) was carried out to determine dry matter and crude protein consumption as well as daily weight gain of local rams. Fifteen local rams aged 1.5 years with an initial body weight ranging from 14–20 kg were used for analyses. The local rams were grouped according to their initial body weight: K1 = 14–16 kg, K2 = 16–18 kg, K3 = 18–20 kg. Variables measured were dry matter and protein consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The research method used a randomized block design. The treatments involved five levels of fermented cocoa FCS. Data analysis involved ANOVA and Duncan-s test. The results demonstrated a significant effect on dry matter and crude protein consumption (P & lt;0.01) and of daily weight gain (P<0.05) but no significant effect with respect to feed conversion (P> 0.05). The highest consumption of dry matter and protein in the P1 treatment and the highest daily weight gain for local rams was obtained in the P3 treatment. Hence, it was concluded that fermented cocoa seeds can replace up to 75% of field grass for sheep feed purposes.

Keywords
Local rams, Fermented cocoa seeds, Performance of production.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bQgNmLjRh4a2

Corresponding Author
Ayuliandha Rahdantya Putri

Institutions
1, 2, 3, 5Animal Physiology, Development, and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University. Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA-
(ayulianda_putri[at]yahoo.co.id, rudysatriana[at]yahoo.com, retno_ar[at]yahoo.co.id, rudi_rsc[at]yahoo.com)
4Plant Physiology and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Mulawarman University. Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA-
(E-mail: hetty_manroe[at]ymail.com)

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Terminalia catappa L., known as Indian almond, contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponin and tannin1. Terminalia catappa leaves can be used for traditional medicine4 and as an alternative to antibiotic for fish pathogen3. To investigate the effects of dietary Terminalia catappa leaves meal on histological intestinal changes of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a group of fish (Average initial body weight 0.23 g) were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 40 fish each group, namely: Group 1 as control, Group 2, 3 and 4 fed with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. The fish fed commercial feed with T. catappa leaves meal as dietary for 90 days. At the end of the feeding trial, intestinal structure which is an important as digestive and absorptive organ was evaluated histologically. In addition, villus and crypt height of the intestinal of fish were also determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION These results suggested that the T. catappa leaves caused several damages in fish intestine. Dietary 1% of T. catappa leaves meal in the diet of fish resulted edema, desquamation of epithelia cell, leukocyte infiltration, fat degeneration and necrosis compare to controls group (Figure 1). These result indicated that antinutritional compound in the T. catappa leaves might disturb cytoplasm membrane in cell, causing several damages2 (Table 1). Meanwhile, villus height of intestinal fish was no affected by any concentration of T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet but showed significantly different with control. In addition, dietary T. catappa leaves meal supplementation in the diet higher than 0.25% increased the depth of crypt (Table 1). Figure 1. Intestine histology of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus (X400) by Hematoxylin & Eosin: 1. Edema; 2. Villi; 3. Desquamation epithelial cell; 4. Leukocyte Infiltration; 5. Fat Degeneration; 6. Goblet cell; 7. Necrosis. Table 1. Types of Damage base on intestine histology and average of villus height and depth of crypt of Pangasianodon hypopthalmus fed various concentration of Terminalia catappa leaves meal in the diet. Groups Type of Damage Parameters Necrosis Edema Leukocyte Infiltration Fat Degeneration Desquamation epitelial cell Degeneration cell Villus Height (mm) Depth of crypt (mm) Control +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ 0.191±0.012a 0.060±0.003a 0.25% ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ ++ 0.149±0.008b 0.051±0.005ab 0.50% ++++ +++ ++++ ++ +++ ++ 0.141±0.011b 0.421±0.001b 1.% ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++ 0.122±0.013b 0.399±0.004b *+=very low, ++=low, +++=medium,++++=high. Mean ± S.E followed by the same superscript letters (a,b) at the same row show no significantly difference (P<0,05).

Keywords
Intestine histology, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, Terminalia catappa leaves.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NCDYwpBxLTzM

Corresponding Author
Ghinia Anastasia Muhtar

Institutions
1Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo
2Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Gorontalo
3Universitas Tamansiswa Padang

Abstract
El Nino climate is one of the issues related to water management in Indonesia, especially rice plants that only rely on rain water. Therefore, this research has conducted a study to measure water loss or evapotranspiration using the SEBAL algorithm. ET estimation methods like Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method can be used based on the satellite images. The results of the study showed net radiation flux (Rn) has a real interaction with Surface temperature (St), which increase in the value of Rn along with an increase in St. Next, the values of G, λ and H gradually decrease with decreasing Rn. Compared with H and G, the diurnal variation amplitude of λ is much greater. Overall the actual evapotranspiration value during El Nino climate is smaller than in normal climate. This indicates that there are a lot water in paddy field during normal years compared to El Nino years, although the value of St in El Nino years is higher than normal years.

Keywords
Evapotranspiration, Paddy, Sebal, Landsat 8 OLI

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tqM4xhdWRpa6

Corresponding Author
Arrin Rosmala

Institutions
Agrotechnology Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

Abstract
Etlingera elatior or Honje are widely cultivated and used in Indonesia since long time ago as food flavouring and spices. This research aimed to determine the best hydroponics nutrition for Honje seeds. This experiment use Complete Random Design with single factor treatments, which is five different brands nutrients (A, B, C, D, and E). Data was analysed using ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) multiple comparison 5%. The result showed that nutrient A produced highest number of clumps in week 7. While other measured parameter, such as plant height, leaf length, leaf height, biomass weight for shoot and root, were not affected.

Keywords
AB Mix, hydroponics nutrition, Kecombrang, Tasikmalaya Accession

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aYhbBK89MP2A

Corresponding Author
Dyah Erni Widyastuti

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Red chili pepper is an important commodity in Indonesia. Chili for household consumption and industrial raw materials in Indonesia. The phenomenon that occurs is the imbalance between demand and supply and season conditions. This causes imports and price fluctuations. The fluctuation in the price of red chili pepper is one of the causes of inflation. This study analyzes the factors that affect production and demand, as well as the simultaneous influence with price and import factors. Data analysis used the two stage least square method on secondary data from 2002-2013. The research variables are production, land area, chili price, chili price in the previous year, red chili pepper import, population, world chili production, stock and demand for red chili pepper. The results showed that the average value of actual data with prediction data for variable demand for chili, chili production, Indonesian chili prices and chili imports were close to the same so that it could be said that the model used was good and valid with the actual data. The value of R square in the first equation is known as 0.661 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 66.1%. The value of R square in the second equation is known as 0.938 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 93.8%. The value of R square in the third equation is known to be 0.746 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 74.6%. R square value in the fourth equation is known as 0.966 which means that predetermined variables can explain endogenous variables of 96.6%. The demand for red chili pepper is influenced by the population, while the price of red chili pepper and imports do not affect the demand for red chili pepper. Red chili pepper production is influenced by the price of red chili pepper at the producer level and the area of planting. Imports are not affected by world chili production, Indonesian chili production and Indonesian chili prices. At the national chili price, the influencing factor is the price of the previous years chili. While imports and stock of chili in Indonesia does not affect the price of Indonesian chili.

Keywords
Demand, Production, Import, Price, Simultaneous

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aQuvYL9TUmzw

Corresponding Author
Muhamad Nurdin Yusuf

Institutions
1, 2, 3Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Galuh, Indonesia
*E-mail of the corresponding author: muhamadnurdinyusuf[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The research was carried out with the aim to find out the behavior of farmers towards risk and the factors that influence it. The research sample was 100 paddy farmers in flood-prone area paddy fields in Pangandaran District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Farmers behavior towards risk was analyzed using quadratic utility functions, while the factors that influence farmers behavior towards risk were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed farmers 87 was risk neutral, while 13 farmer risk takers were farmers. Education, familys size and income significantly influence farmers behavior towards risk; while age, experience, land area, production risk, price risk, income risk and group did not significantly influence farmers behavior towards risk.

Keywords
farmers behavior, risk, flood-prone, paddy

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J2HutEUcmNRz

Corresponding Author
Atikah Nurhayati

Institutions
Padjadjaran University

Abstract
Background: Coastal community food security requires considerable attention. For coastal communities, food often become so difficult to obtain. In many cases, communities attempt to various actions to overcome the problems they face; however many of their attempts are constrained by various obstacles. For the government to be able to formulate and implement proper policies, scientific information regarding the kinds of actions attempted by coastal communities, the obstacles normally hindering the attempts are very crucial. Aims: This research aims to identify problems of food security in fishing and aquaculture communities, analyze determining factors, identify attempts undertaken by fishermen, and identify relevant government roles Materials and Methods: This research uses a case study approach in Pangandaran Regency, with data collected through surveys. Respondents were selected purposively: 20 fishermen, 20 aquaculture operators, 20 fish processors, 20 fish traders, and two West Java Provincial Marine Fisheries Service officials. Research was carried out in April – December 2018. Household food security of fishermen and fish farmers was measured using a model logit, while government policies were identified using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Results: It was detected that 60% of households were categorized as secured, 15% less secured, 15% vulnerable, and 10% unsecured. Households of fishermen/aquaculture operators responded to these conditions with a variety of coping mechanisms: allocating parts of fish production for household consumption, selling some others to buy various kinds of food, and processing some others to get added value. These coping mechanisms were constrained by a number of factors, among which and the most important ones were knowledge and skills, capital, facilities and infrastructure, and market access. Government policy, therefore, should be focused on handling these constraining factors. Conclusion: There are viable options for the government to develop policies necessary to help coastal communities to meet food security. The options include developing programs aimed at improvement of knowledge and skills, capital, facilities and infrastructure, and market access Keywords: household coping mechanism, food security, coastal communities, West Java Pangandaran . Acknowledgment (Optional) References 1) Food Security Agency. 2016. Strategic Plan for the Food Security Agency 2015 - 2019. http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/statis-31-renstra2015-2019.html Accessed on November 5, 2017 2) Wiranthi PE, Suwarsinah HK, Adhi AK. 2014. Determinants of household food security: a comparative analysis of Eastern and Western Indonesia. J Agric Sci. 15(1):17-28. 3) Republic of Indonesia. 2012. Law of The Republic Indonesia No. 18 of 2012.Concerning Food. https://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/UU18-2012Pangan.pdf. Accessed on July 2, 2019. 4) Maxwell DG (1996) Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and sever

Keywords
household coping mechanism, food security, coastal communities, West Java Pangandaran

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Va3eA7JtZMEh

Corresponding Author
mochammad wachid

Institutions
Food Technology, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, MALANG.

Abstract
Background : Science and technology continue to grow, one of which is in the field of food microbiology. Making soyghurt (yogurt from soybean juice) is an example of a food microbiological product which in the manufacturing process involves lactic acid bacteria (BAL). BAL can be grown on media as a place to grow and source of nutrition. This research tries to provide innovative media making using natural ingredients from cassava, banana, and whey (waste liquid) waste. The composition of the waste refers to the nutrients needed by BAL. Cassava waste as a carbon source (C), banana as a source of phosphorus (P), and whey as a source of protein (N). Aims : The purposes of this study were to know the effect of cassava and banana peel, the addition of urea to the manufacture of lactic acid bacteria growth media, and to analyze the visibility of lactic acid bacteria applied to soyghurt. Materials and Methods : The study used in the first step was factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor was 3 level comparison variation between cassava peel and banana (cassava peel : banana peel [25:75], cassava peel : banana peel [50:50], cassava peel : banana peel [75:25]). The second factor was 3 level urea concentration variation (1%, 1,5%, 2%). This study used colonies number, colonies color, and colonies shape as the analyzed parameters. Results : Based on the research result, it showed that the treatment from the comparison of cassava and banana peel had real effect toward lactic acid bacteria total that grows. The best treatment sample (SP3U2) could produce the highest number of lactic acid bacteria. This lactic acid bacteria viability was tested by using test T method by comparing the control and the best treatment. Fat level, protein level, pH, viscosity, dissolved solids total, lactic acid bacteria total, titrated acid total, color, and organoleptics (color, aroma, thickness, appearance) were the analyzed parameters used in testing the soyghurt. Conclusion : Best treatment sample (SP3U2) could go closer the soyghurt quality parameter, with lactic acid bacteria total number 2,07 x 107; viscosity 14,21 dPa.s; fat level 0,86%; titrated acid total 0,63%; pH 4,85; protein level 8,12%; dissolved solids total 9,7; brightness (L) 64,27; color (b+) 10,17; aroma 3,5 (typical aroma of yoghurt); color 3,9 (white); thickness 3,3 (pretty thick); and appearance 3,0 (pretty interesting).

Keywords
Media, Cassava Peel, Banana Peel, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Soyghurt

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nLpNqfVZvFej

Corresponding Author
Kartika Noerwijati

Institutions
Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Background: Conventional breeding to produce new high yielding varieties of cassava still dominates. Germplasm evaluation is the initial stage in conventional breeding, followed by hybridization to increase genetic diversity and clonal selection: single plant selection, single row selection, preliminary tests, and multilocation tests (Mariscal et al. 2001). In some areas, cassava is widely planted in upland dry land (600-1000 m above sea level). In the highlands, cassava requires a longer harvest time (aged 15 months to 24 months) in order to obtain high tuber yields. Noerwijati and Budiono (2015) reported that decreased tuber yield at 530 m asl was 32 %, while at 800 m asl was 86 %, compared to tuber yield at 80 m asl. lrikura et al (1979) have clearly stated that distinct genotypes are required for high altitude (mean temperature less than 22°C) compared to the lowland. Aims: to select high yielding cassava clones for use as selection material for adaptive cassava clones to medium-high altitude. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Jambegede research station, Kepanjen sub-district, Malang, East Java, in 2018 planting season. The materials used in this study include 1016 cassava clones. Single plants from the crossing were planted in the field with a spacing of 100 cm x 80 cm. The design used is Augmented design with control varieties were several cross-parent genotypes, namely UK 1 Agritan, Litbang UK, Malang 4, Adira 4, Lokal Tlekung Ungu, and Gajah Ungu. Plants are fertilized with a dose of 225 kg Urea + 200 kg Phonska + 100 SP 36 per hectare. Fertilizer is given twice, namely 1 month and 3 month after planting. Weeding and repairs of ridges are carried out before fertilization. The parameters observed were fresh tuber yields and harvest index. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results: From 1016 individual in F1 cassava populations, have a tuber yield range of 0.20 kg to 9.20 kg with an average of 1.80 kg/plant. The average yield of each F1 family did not exceed the average of the control varieties. This is because the results of tubers in F1 population can not be maximized because the plants come from seeds, there are even F1 plants that do not produce tubers. However, there are F1 individuals that have tuber yield per plant above the average of control variety. The family that had the highest tuber yield per plant was the result of an open pollinated with female parent of the Kaspro clone. For the harvest index, the selected family has a harvest index above 0.5, which means they have good ability to produce tubers. From 1016 F1 individuals have a harvest index range of 0.25 to 0.96 with an average 0.75. These results are shown in the analysis cluster based on data on the average yield of tubers and harvest index of the F1 family which form five clusters. The control varieties form separate clusters from the average F1 family, with characteristics of tuber c

Keywords
cassava, harvest index, segregation, tuber yield. References

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/e2EkJxFZfMBR

Corresponding Author
Engga Dwi Supriyanto

Institutions
1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
2Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Jember, INDONESIA.
(*E-mail: trihandoyo.faperta[at]unej.ac.id)

Abstract
Background: Rice (Oryza sativa. L) is the main commodity of Indonesian food crops and become a staple food for the community. Black rice has high anthocyanin content, so it is very beneficial for the community. The relatively long age of black rice and low productivity are weaknesses that must be overcome. The development of black rice varieties is needed to assemble new plants that have a short life and high productivity. Plant assembly is strongly influenced by the level of plant kinship. Plant assembly is often done incorrectly due to close kinship, so diversity analysis is needed so that the development of black rice varieties is appropriate. Phylogenetic analysis describes genetic distance or differences between individuals in an organism or species. Phylogenic analysis can be carried out using morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics are based on differences in the morphological characteristics of each plant. Molecular identification use RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) based on DNA sequences that are homologous with a single short (10-12 base) oligonucleotide sequence. Molecular characters are based on genotypic characters, namely by looking at the different patterns of DNA bands that owned by plants. Aims: To determine the level of kinship and diversity in 10 varieties of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on morphological and molecular identification. Materials and Methods: In this study, we determinated the level of kindship of 10 varieties of black rice included Hitam Purbalingga, Hitam Purwekerto, Hitam Lumajang, Hitam Blitar, Hitam Bantul, Hitam Banjarnegara, Hitam Toraja, Hitam Melik, Pari Ireng, and Here Lahok/Timor Leste based on morphological and molecular identification. Morphological identification uses 7 variables i.e plant height, number of productive tillers, weight of 100 seeds, shape of grain, colour of grain, colour of rice age of flowering and age of harvest. The analysis results realized in the form of a dendogram. Molecular identification using RAPD marker with 9 primers included OPB-01, OPB-04, OPB-08, OPB-10, OPB-11, OPB12,OPB-13, OPB-17 and OPB-18. The DNA band profile translated into binary data with the provision of a value of 0 for no band and 1 for the presence of DNA bands in certain fragments. Both of data analysed into cluster using NTSYSpc software with DIST coefficient for morphological data and Jaccard-s Index for molecular data. The analysis results are realized in the form of dendogram and genetic similarity values. Results: Dendrogram of morphological data showed in 2 clusters, 2 groups and 2 subgroups. Cluster I was accopied by Hare Lahok and Hitam Purwekerto. Cluster II devided into 2 groups. First group include Hitam Blitar and second group include Hitam Melik, Pari Ireng, Hitam Bantul, Hitam Lumajang, Hitam Toraja, Hitam Purbalingga. Molecular kinship analysis used to determine the level of genetic similarity of 10 black rice vari

Keywords
Black Rice, Genetic Diversity, Morphological Characteristics, and RAPD

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QkHuPDbMrnm6

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Fauzi

Institutions
1Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: purwantielly[at]ymail.com)
2Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: mohamad.amin.fmipa[at]um.ac.id)
3Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: siti.zubaidah.fmipa[at]um.ac.id)
4Agriculture and Animal Science Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: maftuchah[at]umm.ac.id)
5Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
(E-mail: ahmad_fauzi[at]umm.ac.id)

Abstract
Background: Phaseolus lunatus L. is a type of legume which is potential to become food source for Indonesians as it is rich in nutrition. Unfortunately, its potential as food source rich in nutrition is under-appreciated by most Indonesians. In addition to the decreasing number of P. lunatus L. population, researches which concern on the diversity and diversification of beans in Indonesia are limited in all sorts. Species diversity study is an interesting yet important field of research. However, diversity and the relation among Phaseolus species in Indonesia are hardly be found. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the diversity of P. lunatus L. in East Java, Indonesia based on RAPD marker. Materials and Methods: In this study, P. lunatus L. collected from some areas around East Java, namely Tulungagung, Kediri, Malang, Probolingo, and Madura. This study includes two main stages: (1) DNA isolation following the CTAB method Doyle and Doyle (1987) modified by Maftuchah and Zainudin (2010); and (2) Electrophoresis of the isolated results using RAPD OPA6 (GGTCCCTGAC) primers, OPA8 (GTGACGTAGG), OPA10 (GTGATCGCAG), OPA20 (GTTGCGATCC), OPC19 (GTTGCCAGCC), OPD8 (GTGTGCCCCCC), OPA10 (GTGATCGCAG), OPA20 (GTTGCGATCC), OPC19 (GTTGCCAGCC), OPD8 (GTGTGCCCCCC) OPE15 (ACGCACAACC), OPE16 (GGTGACTGTG) developed by Operon technologies, Alameda, California. Data analysis was performed by looking at the banding pattern that appeared from the electrophoresis results at each primary locus. After that the DNA band pattern data was then converted to binary data. Furthermore, from the bands that appear will be seen the percentage of polymorphic and monomorphic bands. Then, the phylogenetic tree was compiled using PopGen software. Results: Variation of genotypic diversity in 15 genotypes resulted in 68 RAPD bands being scanned from 10 primary oligonucleotides (OPA6; OPA8; OPA10; OPA20; OPC19; OPD8; OPD12; OPE8; OPE15; OPE16) with an average of 6.8 bands per primary. Of the 10 primers used to produce 68 bands, with varying sizes of DNA fragments. The results of the amplification seen almost all polymorphic DNA bands. The total bands produced from 10 primers were 68 DNA bands. Primers that produce the smallest number of bands were OPA10 and OPA20 primers, while primers that produce the most bands were OPD12, producing 9 bands. There were 9 primers which have 100% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of 68 pattern bands produces a phylogenetic tree using Neighbor-Joining method, with similarity coefficients ranging from 64% -100%. In the genetic similarity coefficient, P. lunatus formed two groups, namely the main cluster (cluster A) consisting of genotypes 7, 8, 13, as well as 14 and the second main cluster group (cluster B) consisting of genotypes 2, 4, 16, 18, Prb1, Prb2, Prb3, Prb4, as well as Prb 5. Conclusion: PCR-RAPD results using 10 random primers informed that genetic variation among 15 P. lunatus L. genotypes was found in the range of 0-36%.

Keywords
cluster analysis; Phaseolus lunatus L.; polymorphism; RAPD marker

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/a6tnfAFHwjJW

Corresponding Author
Asmah Hidayati

Institutions
Animal Sciences Department, Agricultural – Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
This research aim to study Indigofera zollingeriana (I zollingeriana) growth in media which used farm waste as substitute to humus. Farm waste was forages and concentrate waste which animals didn-t want to eat. For to take advantage of farm waste, it has to fermentation in selulolitics bacteria for 4 weeks. The result of fermentation was used as subtituted to humus in growing media of I zollingeriana. There were 3 treatment namely P0 (humus 50%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 0%), P1 humus 25%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 25%) and P2 (humus 0%, soil with rhyzomes 50%, farm waste 100%). Each treatment has 5 times repetation, and each unit content 10 trees. After 1 months observation, variables were measured namely sums of leaves, plant height, root length, sums of nodules, dry matter and crude protein production. Samples of DM and CP were analysed in Laboratory of Nutrition University of Muhammadiyah Malang in procsimat method (AOAC, 2010). Data were analysed in excell programme. Results, averages height of plants in P0, P1 dan P2 were 145; 187,7 and 176,62 cm. Roots lenght were 8,7; 15 dan 14,5 cm. Sums of leaves were 71; 74,1 dan 56,89. DM content were (%) 17,63; 14,88 and 15,76. CP content were (%) ; 17,11; 17,93 and 20,99. Conclussion, farm waste fermentation for 4 weeks giving growth performance better than none farm waste. Farm waste 25% in media has the best performance of I zollingeriana growths and content of DM and CP.

Keywords
Farms Waste fertilizer, Growth Parameter, DM and CP Content

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yN8Lv4aqmWcG

Corresponding Author
Nurul Frasiska

Institutions
1, 2, 3Authors- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Perjuangan University, INDONESIA.
(E-mail: nurulfrasiska[at]unper.ac.id, callmeuput[at]gmail.com, noviarahayu[at]unper.ac.id)

Abstract
Generally maintenance of ducks used wet system. The cage equipped with pool for bathing, drinking, reproducing and doing activities. However, this condition is not efficient in the limited land area. This research tried to implement dry systems. This system suppresses feed convertion, simplifies egg collection when ducks enter the layer period and makes it easy to manage. The weakness of this dry system can cause stress to ducks because minimal maintenance of water is contrary to the bodys function of ducks as waterfowl and causes oxidative stress. This study aims to produce a natural isotonic made from a mixture of celery extract and lime juice for local ducks that are intensively reared with a dry maintenance system and are able to reduce oxidative stress, with the right dosage indicated by blood hematology parameters as a picture of duck health. The results showed a significant decrease in leukocyte and platelet levels in T2 which is consist of 7% sugar + lime juice 3% + Celery extract 50 mg + salt 0.9gr. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte levels also showed a decrease in T2 but were not significant. Decreased leukocyte levels at T2 indicate that the use of natural isotonic at these levels has an impact on increasing immunity to local ducks.

Keywords
Dry System, Hematological blood, Isotonic, Local duck

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/chgQ9tjwZxRN

Corresponding Author
Rahayu Relawati

Institutions
Department of Agribusiness, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
Background: Pro-environmental producer behavior are increasingly urgent to implement an environmentally friendly industry. Aims: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, religiosity, and behavior of the food SME producers towards the environment. Materials and Methods: The research objects are SMEs of “tempe chips” in Malang City, East Java Province. The descriptive analysis is used to explain the findings of producer behavior related to the environment. Results: The study results show that the majority of producers already have knowledge of raw materials and production processes that are environmentally friendly, but only few of them know about the environmentally friendly product packaging. The producers- attitude supports environmentally friendly production processes, although is still at lower level than religiosity. The environmentally friendly producer behavior has not ideal in raw materials usage, production process, and packaging. They have implemented water and energy saving, but have not been able to avoid plastic packaging usage. Generally, the “tempe chips” SME-s performance are healthy. The majority of them are being increased in terms of production, profits, and sustainability of the production process. A small number of producers are declining in terms of production, profits, and face production discontinuity. Conclusion: Further research needs to analyze the effect of religiosity on the behavior of pro-environment producers. The recommendation given is to socialize the use of environmentally friendly product packaging to sell at a premium price. The premium price products are targeted to the middle to upper consumer segments. If it has been socialized, the use of environmentally friendly packaging is expected to become a general implementation of the food packaging.

Keywords
SME, producer behavior, pro-environment.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/W8mhkjwDCxRU

Corresponding Author
David Hermawan

Institutions
Department of Fisheries
Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation No. 32 of 2016 on the sustainability index value of the economic dimension of KJA grouper fish farmers and policy recommendations that are in line with the economic dimension aspects of KJA grouper fish farmers. The research case study was conducted in Klatakan Village, Kendit District, Situbondo Regency. This study uses the Rapfish method to find out the index value of the sustainability of the economic dimension by using eight attributes of the economic dimension, namely Profit, Price, Trends Production, Buyers, Subsidy Levels, PAD Contributions, Labor Absorption and Worker Income. Then determine the score and assessment of each attribute so that it can be analyzed using Rapfish to find out the sustainability index from the economic dimension of KJA grouper fish farmers and to know the lever attributes used in making policy. The results showed that the economic dimension sustainability index of KJA grouper cultivator after the implementation of Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 32 of 2016 was in the category of "Poor Sustainability" with an index value of 45.67% with three attributes that exceeded the average value which can be used as a principle that must be considered in making decisions to develop policy strategies namely Production Trends (7.31), Buyers (5.61) and Prices (4.58). This gives the conclusion that the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries regulation number 32 of 2016 gives less sustainable impacts and needs the responsibility of the relevant government to review the policy and requires good cooperation between the government, farmers and Fisheries BUMN to increase national grouper production.

Keywords
Grouper, Economic Dimension, Sustainability Index, Rapfish.

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wbn9RrmJFQUC

Corresponding Author
Ade Astri Muliasari

Institutions
College of Vocational Studies, Bogor Agricultural University

Abstract
The availability of technologies such as pruning and plant growth regulators are important, because it may increase crop yield. Pruning coffee plants is intended to stimulate generative growth that increases productivity to reach optimal and continuous production all year. PGR makes it possible to exploit the production potential of plants. Pruning management combined with the PGR in coffee plants is expected to improve flowering and berry growth. The research was conducted for 7 months since October 2017-April 2018 at Gunung Gede. A split-plot design with 2 treatment factors, pruning was placed as the main plot consisting of 2 levels, namely without (P0) and with pruning (P1). The PGR application was placed as a subplot, consisting of 3 doses, namely without PGR (Z0), and concentrations of 0.3 ml/l (Z1) and 0.4 ml/l (Z2). The results showed, the pruning treatment significantly influenced microclimate, number of branches, B0, B1 and B2, number of berry sets, and berries. Pruning treatment has a very significant effect on microclimate, plant height, number of branches, number of coffee fruits, yields/crops, and productivity. Interaction between pruning and PGR significantly affected plant height and B0. The best dosage for PGR treatment has not yet been found.

Keywords
Arabica coffee, branches, pruning, PGR, yield

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qwfkCPuXmKvD

Corresponding Author
Gumoyo Mumpuni Ningsih

Institutions
University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract
ABSTRACT Utilization of the yard is very beneficial, especially for the weak economic community, namely as a food producer in improving family nutrition. One of the uses of the yard is by way of cultivation of vegetable crops by velticulture The purpose of this study is 1. Analyze the increase in knowledge of housewives about the cultivation of vegetable plants by Velticulture 2. To find out the number of mothers who implement the application of vegetable cultivation in velticulture after giving knowledge 3. To find out the constraints faced by housewives in the cultivation of vegetable plants through velticulture The study was conducted at pkk RT 04 / RW 02 Tlogomas Subdistrict, Lowok Waru Subdistrict, Malang City, the study was conducted in a census. The number of respondents 36. Retrieval of data by means of interviews and documentation, to find out an increase in knowledge of housewives about cultivation of plants in velticulture using a paired t-test. The results showed that 1. There is an increase in knowledge of housewives about the cultivation of vegetable plants in a velticultural manner 2. There are 30, 56% of mothers who apply veltikutur cultivation of plants 3. The constraints faced in the cultivation of plants in the Velticulture are the lack of capital to make a place or media for planting in a velvet culture, and after harvesting they find it difficult to obtain seeds in the market

Keywords
Keywords: Yard, Vegetable Cultivation, Verticulture

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AWPgfrkEhuCm

Corresponding Author
Agus Heri Purnomo

Institutions
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan

Abstract
Background: Indonesia has a great opportunity to create huge revenue through seaweed hydrocolloid trades. With the production of carrageenophyte, especially Euchema sp, and agarophyte, especially Gracillaria sp, Indonesia succeeded in becoming an important player in the trade raw materials. However, success in raw material market did not occur in the hydrocolloid market; in this context of Indonesia caught only less than 4% of world market share, far behind China, Chile, Spain and the Philippines. From our previous research, problems have been identified as occurring at upstream nodes in the commodity supply chain. Among the outputs of this research is a finding the margin obtained by the players at the upstream node in the Indonesian commercial seaweed supply chain is generally small and makes the motivation for business development low. Problems found in our previous research, however, are still global in nature and need to be explored further. Aims: The research aims to identify opportunities to overcome problems facing seaweed upstream players, focusing on the identification of problem locus, root cause analysis, priority problem selection, and determination of intervention form. Materials and Methods: This research is conducted following the Kaizen Approach. Seven upstream business nodes were chosen in the commercial seaweed supply chain at three locations: two Gracilaria farmers in Brebes, one Gracilaria trader in Brebes, one Eucheumatoid farmer in Serang, one intermediary trader in Serang, and two Eucheumatoid farmers in Sumenep. Through the Kaizen technique, the productivity analysis was applied to identify the leverage actions needed to improve efficiency. The Kaizen approach itself can be briefly described as a change towards a better which is done continuously. In industries, Kaizen are normally applied to formulate strategies to increase production, increase product quality, reduce operational costs, reduce waste, and increase job security. Results: The results show there are inefficiencies in a number of loci in the business lines of intermediate farmers and traders. These include a gap (actual vs. standard value) on Gracilaria moisture content of 2%, on Eucheumatoid moisture content of 4 %, on Gracilaria pond productivity of 0.6 tons / ha / year, on productivity of by-products Gracilaria is 50%, the productivity of Eucheumatoids are 10%, on the quality of dry Gracilaria is one grade, all of which results in a loss of potential profit (margin). Root problem analysis found a number of external factors outside the Kaizen domain and other internal aspects that can be corrected through intervention. The internal aspects include: objective measurement of water content and good drying method for the inter-trade business and the implementation of Gracilaria cultivation pond maintenance techniques and spacing on Eucheumatoid. The results of the analysis, which were then communicated with each entrepreneur, determined a numb

Keywords
commercial seaweed, Eucheuma, Kappaphycus, Gracilaria, Kaizen, margins, supply chain

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3KwUGq7DRTHN

Corresponding Author
Afriyanti Afriyanti

Institutions
Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo, Indonesia

Abstract
Corn is one of the main agricultural commodities in Wonogiri Regency, especially in Ngadirojo District. Utilization of corn was not optimal. Community just sold it after harvesting. Community capability, especially Family Welfare Programme, in processing food products are very important and can encourage the food diversification programme. Processing of corn into tortillas is an alternative effort to increase the added value of agricultural commodities. The activities methods was carried out through several stages: first, the socialization and inventory the potentially of corn; second, counseling about corn processing and its benefits; third, training and practice of making tortillas; fourth, evaluation of all the activities. The results showed that 100% of partners have corn land but have not utilized it for processing. In addition, 100% of partners have never processed corn into tortillas. The test results showed that there is an increasing of partner understanding, in the amount of 20.71%. At the end of the activities, the partners were able to process their own tortilla products.

Keywords
capability, corn, increase, tortilla

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qyWaefuTQHg6

Corresponding Author
Yuli Andriani

Institutions
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science
Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstract
Color is one of the indicators of quality in ornamental fish. This study aims to test the carotenoid content in butterfly pea leaves as a source of natural pigment and its effect on the tail color quality of green swordfish. Research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The four treatments were carried out by adding 0, 1, 6 and 12% of butterfly pea leaf flour in the feed. The parameters observed in this study were including carotenoid content of dried butterfly pea leaves, changes in color quality of the green swordfish tail, survival, and water quality. The color observations data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis, if there were differences between treatments, a multiple comparison was performed using the Z test with a 95% confidence level. Survival data were analyzed using analysis of variance using the F test with a 95% confidence level, if there were differences between treatments, the test then followed by the Duncan test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that there were 9067 mg / kg of carotenoid contained in dried butterfly pea leaves. The addition of 12% butterfly pea leaf flour to commercial feed was able to improve the color quality on the tail of the green swordfish with an average color score of 5 and a color value of 87.3. Addition of carotenoids in feed does not significantly affect survival, and water quality. These results indicated that the use of butterfly pea leaves is safe to use as a source of natural pigment for ornamental fishes, such as swordfish.

Keywords
swordfish, carotenoids, color quality, feed, butterfly pea leaf meal

Topic
Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hJMrBQw9ZAng