Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Poppy Puspitasari

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
This research aimed to study the effect of sintering time variations in obtaining cobalt oxide nanoparticles [CoO and or Co3O4]. This research used cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate [Co(NO3)2·6H2O] as the precursor and ethylene glycol [C2H6O2] as the dissolvent. Then used the sintering process at 700˚ C with sintering times of 1, 2, and 3 hours. Next, characterizing the cobalt oxide used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTI) tests. Data analysis showed that the process generated single-phase Co3O4 where the 2 hours sintering process produced the smallest crystallite diameter.

Keywords
Cobalt(II) oxide, sol-gel, sintering time

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dwyErYqgMu42

Corresponding Author
Sofia Ery Rahayu

Institutions
1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 05 Malang 65145, Indonesia
a) Corresponding author: sofia.ery.fmipa[at]um.ac.id
2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia
3) Department of Pest and Disease Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
Thailand and Ungu cultivars are two of the many cultivated papaya cultivars in East Java. In addition to fruit, papaya leaves are also widely used as a traditional insecticides. The purpose of the study was to determine the active compounds, total phenols, total flavonoid, and antifeedant activity of papaya leaf extract of those cultivars against Spodoptera litura F. larvae. Papaya leaves were macerated with methanol. Phytochemical of leaf extract determined using LCMS. Total phenol and total flavonoids were measured based on the spectrophotometric method. Antifeedant activity was tested on instar 3 phase larvae with choice method. Feed leaves sprayed with different concentration of papaya leaves extract and repeated 10 times. The screening result showed that there are 62 compounds detected in Ungu extract and 60 compounds in Thailand extract. The highest total phenol content was found in Ungu extract. Meanwhile the highest total flavonoid content was detected in Thailand extract. The treatment of 40% and 50% of both extracts significantly inhibited eating activity to 100%. Statistically, the combination between the type of extract and concentration showed significant antifeedant activity. According to the result, the different of antifeedant activity of exctract caused by the difference of the phytochemicals content . The extracts of Thailand and Ungu papaya leaf had the potential to be antifeedant for S. litura larvae.

Keywords
papaya leaf extract, phytochemical screening, antifeedant activity, Spodoptera litura larvae

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hdr3NtCWcyvw

Corresponding Author

Institutions
a) Graduate Program in Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Lingkar UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Lingkar UI, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
c) Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University. Jl. Dramaga Raya IPB, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.

Abstract
The timor deer (Cervus timorensis) is deer that natively distributed within Jawa and Bali, and has been introduced to other regions and other countries. The aim of this study is to observe the daily behavior of timor deer that inhabited Savana Bekol, Baluran National Park. We collected the data of timor deer behavior using continuous focal animal sampling method (Altmann 1974). Results showed that in general females spent most of their activities during the day (from high to low) on feeding, resting, moving, other activities, and anti-predator. While males spent most of their activities on resting, feeding, moving, other activities, and anti-predator.

Keywords
Cervus timorensis, timor deer, behavior, Baluran National Park

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/8TAbw7gEfJ2K

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
3 Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
4 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computation, and Data Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and physical activity have a strong correlation to the gradual increased of degenerative diseases incidence in the global population. Currently, several approaches have been applied to prevent the progression of metabolic syndrome, including clinical drug therapy dan physical training program. However, limited data were found whether acute medium intensity exercise (AMIE) co-treated with middle rhythm musical exposure can affect to thermogenesis dan fatty acid oxidation. This study was designed by applying AMIE and music on 45 individual, non-professional athletes to evaluate the potential inducer of thermogenic activity (PGC-1α) profile in the muscle and adipose tissue. The preliminary finding of this study shows that AMIE exposure was significantly induced the increase of circulating PGC-1α as linear to the high-intensity exercise group, However, in contrary, the expression of this transcription factor tends to decreased post-AMIE-musical co-treatment. It is suggested that AMIE can induce thermogenesis in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by modulating oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria. In summary, AMIE model may provide an alternative solution to combat metabolic syndrome linked obesity through enhancing the beta-oxidation process. Thus, the expanding investigation with a large sample and long-term monitoring program is required to establish this physical training program in the population.

Keywords
PGC-1alpha, acute medium intensity exercise, music, thermogenesis, metabolic syndrome

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TZMdyG7AHLJh

Corresponding Author
Rina Fiji Lestari

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare Cd level in sediments and Corbula faba Hinds on distance from the mouth estuary to the sea and to correlate between Cd level in sediment and C. faba Hinds. The technique sampling was Purposive Sampling by measuring the salinity of water in the estuary which indicated that C. faba Hinds could live in the area and sampling was determined at 5 plots with 3 replications. Data analysis used the One Way Anova and Pearson Corelation tests. The results are Cd levels in sediments at the meeting point of river water with low tide seawater have the highest average of 2.16 mg/kg which is significantly different from Cd levels in sediments upstream as far as 490 m and downstream as far as 160 m . The Cd content in C. faba Hinds at the first coordinate point (7°3341.82 "S & 112°5253.11" E) to (7°3411.62 "S & 112°5314.87" E) is not different. The correlation of Cd metal levels in sediments with Cd metal in C. faba Hinds was no relationship and the mean Cd levels in C. Faba Hinds have 2.05 mg/kg exceeding the threshold for consumption feasibility based on BPOM 2017.

Keywords
cadmium, Corbula faba Hinds and Sediment

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XQgC8Z3Tn6wN

Corresponding Author
Erna Sulistyowati

Institutions
Universitas Islam Malang

Abstract
The combination between herbs and antibiotics might be promising strategy for antibiotic resistance. Abundance studies have been denoted that certain herbs have important roles in bacterial destruction proccess. As an antibacterial, previous study reported that Syzygium polyanthum (bay) leaf extract caused disintegration of bacterial surface and lysis of the bacterial intracellular component. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial synergistic activity of S. polyanthum leaf extract and chloramphenicol. Staphylococcus aureus was significantly inhibited after treating with high dose of chloramphenicol and low dose of S. polyanthum decoction in disk diffusion test (26 ± 1.52 mm of inhibition zone) in the comparison with low dose of S. polyanthum decoction treatment only (5 ± 4,61 mm of inhibition zone, p <0,05). Similar results were found by combining low dose of chloramphenicol and low dose of methanol extract of S. polyanthum in disk diffusion test (17 ± 0.57 mm of inhibition zone) in the comparison with low dose of methanol extract of S. polyanthum treatment only (7 ± 5,85 mm of inhibition zone). In conclusion, this study suggests that Syzygium polyanthum leaf extract synergizes with antibiotic and has potential as a therapeutic agent for antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Keywords
Syzygium polyanthum, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, synergistic effect

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bBfd2XygT7qz

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2Public Health Center Slawe-Trenggalek, Ministry of Health, Indonesia

Abstract
Land-transmitted worm infections (STH) are a health problem which is prone to occur in children in Indonesia. This worm infection is also one the causes of the high prevalence of stunting in infants in Malang city with an incidence of 3,029 cases. It is assumed that consumption of raw vegetables without proper washing facilitates has been the spread of worm eggs in populations in Malang City. This study was designed to determine the rate of contamination of Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH) Worms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the traditional market of Malang City. A total of 17 vegetable samples from vegetable traders from several markets in Malang were collected for laboratory tests. These samples were tested by microscopic examination to detect the presence of parasites. The results of this study indicated that Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were more dominant in vegetables (82.5%) compared to Ancylostoma duodenale eggs (17.5%). The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides worm eggs in Blimbing Market and Big Market in Malang city is higher than the prevalence of hookworm eggs. This study concluded that lettuce vegetables in the traditional market of Malang city were potential for parasitic infections transmission, especially Ascaris lumbricoides worms. Thus, early prevention is needed for these spreading parasites with intensification of hand washing and vegetable washing processes with standardized methods.

Keywords
Soil Transmitted Helinths, Lettuce, Malang Traditional market, spreading parasites

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bzdLZTqhmRWX

Corresponding Author
Nurul Fadilah

Institutions
Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Surabaya
Jalan Ketintang, Ketintang, Gayungan, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60231
*nurulfadilahwassharofah[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Chrisan flower is one of decorated flower with hight quality to cultivated by Indonesian citizen. However, but in cultivation process had one of problem is Karat Putih disease coused by Puccinia horiana Henn. Using biofungicide from betel leaf extract (Piper betle Linn.) one of solution for this problem. The purpose from this research is know effectiveness from betel leaf extract as biofungicide to solve Karat Putih disease and know consentration of betel leaf to impede growth fungus Puccinia horiana Henn. This reaseach have been 7 month, begun May-November 2018. This research is experimental which using Random Plans Complex (RAL) Method with 5 repititions. The treatment be differentiate as many concentration of betel leaf, like: 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 100%. The parameter of this research is measuring diameter of Karat Putih fungus everyday until 5 days. The result indicate the 40% concentration of betel leaf is most effective to impeded growth fungus Puccinia horiana Henn until diameter of growth only 0,3% (the most impeded).

Keywords
Betel leaf extract, Karat Putih Disease, Fungus, Biofungicide, Chrisan flower

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/tc8FpxvH7wY9

Corresponding Author
Indra Kurniawan Saputra

Institutions
(a) Department of Biology, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia
(b) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Indonesia
(c)Molecular Biology Division, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Reseacrh and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Indonesia
*tasliah1[at]yahoo.co.id

Abstract
Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) disease is a one-factor cause of decreasing rice production in Indonesia. This disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) which infected rice leaves to yellowish. Xoo isolates were obtained from three different locations namely West Java, West Sumatera, and West Borneo. Each isolate was identified by using primer specifics in colony Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Isogenic strains that contain resistance genes were infected and observed through pathogenicity tests. Based on results, Code variety holding Xa4-Xa7 gene had a high resistance level on Xoo infection from all locations compared to other isogenic and popular rice strains. In the meantime, IRBB5 holding Xa5 gene survived the attack of Xoo from West Java and West Borneo properly. The infection intensities on Code and IRBB5 consecutively are 1.62% and 3.55% for West Java isolates, 2.10% and 2.97% for West Sumatera Isolates, 2.17% and 4.45% for West Borneo isolates

Keywords
Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), Isogenic varieties, Resistance genes

Topic
Biotechnology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QKuDpL8AcWvd

Corresponding Author
Iradhatullah Rahim

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
2 Department of Agrotehnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
3 Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
4 Agrotechnology, Faculty of Forestry, Animal Science, and Fishery, Muhammadiyah University, Parepare

Abstract
Microbes are capable to dissolve phosphate. Phosphate is the second essential component after N, which has a crucial role in photosynthesis and root development. A microbe that found around root area is the Bacterium Bacillus strain. This bacterium was isolated from peppers- roots. The purified isolates were quantitatively evaluated for their capacity to dissolve phosphate using Pikovskaya liquid medium with Ca3(PO4)2 as phosphate source. Meanwhile, production of gibberellin hormone was measured using Borrow et al (1995) method. Here, we reported levels of phosphate and gibberellin produced by the bacteria ranged from 19.0 up to 58.8 µg/L and 5.81 up to 12.79 µg/L, respectively. This results indicate that the Bacillus strain isolated from peppers- roots and root area can be utilized as plant growth-promoting bacterium.

Keywords
Bacillus strain, Gibberellin, Phosphate, Root area

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nYhtkHA8RaLE

Corresponding Author
Hendra Susanto

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
3 Department of Post Graduate Studies, Universitas Islam Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an endemic plant in East Java Province that spread in several districts of this region. The fast-growing population of this plant, particularly in Madura Island and significant Island may provide an opportunity to explore the essential characteristics of this plant between each region. Moringa oleifera is not only the potential and miracle natural resources in Indonesia but also the crucial alternative solution combating malnutrition linked micro-macro elements deficiency. This study was conducted by using Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) from Madura island and other districts, including Malang, Pasuruan, Tuban, and Tulungagung. The basic profile of micro and macro elements were quantified by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis at Central laboratory FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang. Importantly, the higher level of Phosphor, Sulfur, and Potassium was found in MOLP Malang area while the lowest one was found in Madura sample. By contrast, a massive amount of Calcium, Manganese, Ferrum, and Molybdenum were dominantly found in Madura sample. Interestingly, the few concentration of Titanium was found in the Madura sample and cannot be observed in other samples. This data imply that Moringa oleifera leaf powder in East Java regions has a potential ingredient in the development of green materials synthesis and application, biomedical resources, and another implementation. To sum up, the exploration and application of MOLP from Madura variety for future clinical and nonclinical administration may become an alternative solution for combating metabolic disturbation related diseases. Thus, further expanding research is urgently required to establish the application of MOLP for medical and biomedical engineering linked advanced bionanotechnology.

Keywords
Moringa oleifera, leaf powder, biomaterials, East Java region

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VfqZB4n6WAtT

Corresponding Author
SUHADI SUHADI

Institutions
1 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang Street 5, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract
The Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities at Sekotong District, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara have a negative impact on the environment. The use of mercury (Hg) and cyanide (CN) in the process of extracting gold can cause pollution to soil and plants. This study aims to determine the content of mercury and cyanide in soil and plants around gold mining. The research method used is descriptive explorative. The research sample was taken purposively at 6 locations and sample analysis at the Chemical Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya. The results showed that the Hg content in surface soil ranged from 2.90-26.94 mg/kg, Hg in soil with a depth of 30 cm ranging from 3.48-53.86. HCN content in surface soil ranges from 63.93 to 104.08 mg/kg, HCN in soil 30 cm deep ranges from 66.59-106.55 mg/kg. The content of mercury and cyanide in rice plants (Oryza sativa), cassava (Manihot esculenta), banana (Musa paradisiaca), chili (capsicum sp), turi (Sesbania grandiflora), mango (Mangifera indica), mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata), and grass (Eleusine indica). The Hg content in these plants ranges from 1.23 to 8.15 mg/kg, HCN content ranges from 18.41 -52.85 mg/kg. Referring to the standards set by WHO and Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 57 of 2016, soil and plants have polluted and have a negative impact on other living things.

Keywords
mecury, cyanide, small-scale gold mining (ASGM)

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9rGQxUCXkmN3

Corresponding Author
Asep Sumantri

Institutions
Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Abstract
Tangkue, one of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) variety originated form Banten Province found to be mycotrophic. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and diversity in Rambutan Tangkue (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Lebak Cilayang, Banten. This research was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019. The rambutan soil rhizosphere and roots were sampled from two stations and the AMF spores were trapping and extracted by Wet sieves and decantation techniques The results showed that the spore density Spore density varies between 2012-372/100g of soil. About four genera has been successfully isolated: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Scutellospora. Glomus is the most dominant genus in the Rambutan Tangkue rhizosphere.

Keywords
Rambutan tangkue, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, diversity

Topic
Microbiology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cjruBKxk3qFA

Corresponding Author
Dewi Ayu Lestari

Institutions
Purwodadi Botanic Garden – Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Abstract
Efforts of ex-situ conservation need to be carried out to prevent threat of extinction in plant species of Annonaceae family, and one of them is collected at Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). The collections of Annonaceae in PBG have experienced dynamics over the past of 12 years. These dynamics affect diversity and conservation efforts. This study aims to determine the dynamics or development of Annonaceae plant collections in PBG for the past of 12 years and how their conservation efforts. The methods used primary and secondary data collections, measurement of stem diameter, plant height and branch-free stem height (BFS) to determine the condition of Annonaceae plant collections related to their adaptation in PBG and measurement of microclimatic data. Data were analyzed descriptively and analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the statistical program PAST 4.0. The Annonaceae plant collections in PBG have fluctuated in the number, genera, species, specimens and genera that have not been identified. Dominant originated from East Kalimantan, East Java and South Kalimantan with plant addition of 28 numbers, 10 genera, 6 species, 58 specimens, 7 genera that have not been identified to the species level and 81 times of species identity changes. Annonaceae plant collections in PBG was able to well adapt and develop based on the average of stem diameter, where collections was planted in 1980s have larger stem diameter than the 1990s and 2000s. Humidity and light intensity are the most influential environmental factors for plant growth, especially for branch development (stem diameter and BFS). The management of Annonaceae plant collections in PBG was the maintenance activities such as pruning, watering, fertilizing, pulping, data collecting, monitoring of flowering and fruiting for selected collection plants and adding of plant collections through exploration activities) and several studies to explore aspects of species usefulness to support of conservation.

Keywords
Annonaceae, adaptation, dynamics, conservation, PBG

Topic
Bioconservation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/vqNpc2WCDdHb

Corresponding Author
Eka Frenty Hadiningsih

Institutions
1) Midwifery Master-s Degree Program Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, East Java, Indonesia
3) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia
4) Departement of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java, Indonesia
5) STIKES Wiyata Husada Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
6) Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Indonesian Muslim University Makasar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

a) Corresponding author: e.frenty.h[at]gmail.com
b) Another author: suryantisudirman[at]yahoo.com, mayasari.ardela[at]gmail

Abstract
Abstract. The Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a type of hormonal contraceptive containing progesterone that causes a hypoestrogenic response that inhibits follicle development, prevents ovulation, and causes endometrial atrophy due to suppression of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation. Natural herbs like bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) can be used to reduce the negative effects of DMPA. Bengkoang is widely known as containing isoflavones with chemical properties and functional structures that resemble 17eta estradiol. This study aimed to determine the effect of bengkoang ethanol extract on the number of ovarian follicles, epithelium, and endometrial stroma in DMPA treated Rattus norvegicus. This study used 25 rats as experimental animals, which were divided into five groups consisting of one negative control group (KN) without DMPA and bengkoang extract, and four treatment groups given DMPA at 2.7 mg every three days repeated four times. After the induction period, the hypoestrogenic condition was evaluated through vaginal smear. Three groups were treated by bengkoang extract at a dose of 70 mg/200g BW/day (P1), 140 mg/200 g BW/day (P2), and 280 mg/200 g BW/day (P3). In this study, data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that there were significant differences (p< 0.05) in the number of antral follicles, the amount of the epithelium, and the amount of endometrial stroma in the group treated by bengkoang extract dose of 280 mg/200g BW/day. This study suggests that bengkoang extract demonstrated a change in the number of ovarian follicles, epithelium, and endometrial stroma compared to the positive control group treated only with DMPA.

Keywords
DMPA, ovarian follicles, endometrial epithelium, endometrial stroma, Pachyrhizus erosus.

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uhbp7Amk6eEw

Corresponding Author
Esha Ardiansyah

Institutions
Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Malang State University

Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a disease caused by complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). DMT2 is caused one of them by high-fat foods that can increase the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) so that it can be prevented and treated with foods that contain lots of antioxidants such as black soybean tempeh and purple sweet potato. This study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of black soybean tempe extract (Glycine max (L.) merril) and purple sweet potato (Ipomoea. Batatas L) on lipid profile levels (total cholesterol and High Density Lipid levels) in serum blood of the Diabetes Melitus model Type 2 (DMT2). Rats were fed a proximate nutrition 20 g per day and drank 10% sucrose in an ad libitum for 8 weeks and then injected with STZ multiple low dose intraperitoneal (IP), to become diabetic. Rat blood serum was collected and tested by the Spectrophotometry method to determine lipid profile levels after 4 weeks of treatment. The levels of lipid profiles found were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study showed that the combination of black soybean tempeh extract and purple sweet potato with a ratio of 3: 1 (P3) was the optimal combination to reduce blood sugar levels, total cholesterol, a combination of 2: 2 (P4) treatment was effective to increase blood serum HDL levels in mice DMT2 models.

Keywords
Black Soybean Tempeh, Purple Sweet Potato, Lipid Profile, DMT2

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pLFUuCGZhHxX

Corresponding Author
siti rayhanah

Institutions
Universitas negeri malang

Abstract
Propolis is component of honeycomn and has many benefist fot treatmemt the concent of the chemical and its compositiaon are complex, making propolis had various properties, including anticancer or antitumor, antifungial antibiotic and immunomodulator. Tje kidneys is the mains organs that often experience interference due to the toxic effect of commpound, cause the kidneys have a higj blood volume flow and concentrate toxic substance the glomerular filtrate and carry through tubular cell. Purpose of this reserch is to determine the effect of administration propolis extract on necrosis of proxinal tubular epithelial cell of male mice. This research is an expwrimental study of randomize block design with 6 treatmentd . 24 male mice aged 8 weeks was given propolis extract through gastric sonde at dose of 10mg/kg 20mg/kg 30mg/kg 40mg/ kg 50mg/kg and PO given water. After 18days micr in the dislocation and kidney organs mad3 histology preparation with hematoxylin eosin. Each preparation were observed in 2 slide of 4 transversed slice of tje kodney. Each slice observed 3 flieds of view and each field of view is observed in 10 tubule and calculates the nucleus cell thta piknotic karyorexis karyolisis. Analyze the data using a one way anova on the 95% level followed by duncan. the ewsult show propolis extract had a effect to proximal tubular necrosis. The content of tannin and alkaloids propolis is though to have the potential to cause cell membrane damage so that ion transport is disrupted. Resukting in uncontrolled inclusing of ca ions and causing cell death. Doses 10mg/kg began to influence the proximal tubular necrosis mice

Keywords
propolis necrosis proximal tubule

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VnLuBFrhbCJZ

Corresponding Author
Heru Suryanto

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Plastics are one of the contributors to waste as well as a problem that is difficult to resolve in every country so that a solution is needed to overcome this by synthesizing biocomposite materials. The quality of biocomposite products depends on processing methods. This study discussed the effect of the speed of the extrusion process on the mechanical characteristics and structure of starch-based biocomposite with nanoclay reinforcement. The experimental research method was carried out by using cassava-based biocomposite synthesis with add carrageenan and nanoclay-reinforced with a concentration of 2.5wt% and 5wt%, respectively, with glycerol as a plasticizer. The extruded process was carried out on a single-screw extrusion machine with a speed variation of 0.55, 1.35, and 2.6 gr/min and processing temperatures of 120°C. The extrusion product tested using a tensile test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the speed of extrusion influences the mechanical characteristics and surface of bioplastics. The best tensile strength and strain were 2.48 MPa and 17.91%, respectively, obtained from extrusion speed of 1.35 gr/min. The highest elastic modulus was 21.22 MPa obtained from extrusion speed of 2.6 gr/min. SEM shows no void on the biocomposite surface. For extrusion speed of 0.55 gr/min occur uniform fracture, speed of 1.35 gr/min show ductile fracture on the edges of biocomposite and speed of 2.6 gr/min show small clumps and a little crack.

Keywords
extrusion speed, nanoclay reinforcement, mechanical properties, starch-based biocomposite.

Topic
Biomaterial Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wbuqmLPK7UzH

Corresponding Author
Esha Ardiansyah

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Abstract. Diabetic Type 2 is generally characterized by hyperglycemi which causes free radicals in the cell increasing. Excessive free radicals will cause oxidative stress. Conditions of oxidative stress can be seen from the high levels of malondyaldehyde (MDA) as the final product of lipid peroxidation. Free radical activity can be prevented by intake of foods that contain antioxidants. One of sources of food that contain high antioxidants is purple sweet potato. ThiS research aims to determine the effect of giving purple potato-s extract to MDA levels on diabetic type 2 rat model. Rats were feed with proximate nutrition food of 20gr per day and drank 10% sucrose in ad libitum for 8 weeks and then injected with STZ multiple low dose intraperitoneal (IP) to become diabetic. Measurement of lipid peroxidation activity using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. The result of this study is purple sweet potato has an effect to decrease malondialdehyde levels on diavetic type 2 rat model.

Keywords
Purple Sweet Potato, Malondialdehyde, DMT2

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cTWECdkK4RzY

Corresponding Author
Eka Pratama Putri

Institutions
1Departement of biology, Faculty of mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Semarang street 5, malang city 65112

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia condition can increase free radicals in the body. Excessive free radicals will be toxic and cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be characterized by high lipid peroxidation activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radical activity can be prevented with antioxidants. The materials that contain strong antioxidants are black soybeans tempe and purple sweet potatoes. The antioxidants are isoflavones and anthocyanins. This study aimed to determine the effect of black soybean Tempe and purple sweet potato extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in liver DMT2 mode. In this study, mice were made diabetic with a high-fat diet, 10% sucrose drink and injected with multiple low-dose streptozotocin. The animals experiment were divided into 7 groups: Negative control (K-), Positive Control (K+), Treatment 1 (P1), Treatment 2 (P2), treatment 3 (P3), Treatment 4 (P4), Treatment 5 ( P5). Measurement ROS using ELISA method. The content of antioxidants of black soybean tempe and purple sweet potato extract can lower blood glucose levels and affects ROS activity.

Keywords
diabetes mellitus, reactive oxygen species, blood glucose

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/yqXFtmQnJkPE

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nutrition Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro Street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency, Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: sugengmaryanto99[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Modisco (Modified Dietetic Skimmed Milk and Coconut Oil) is a nutritious and high-calorie formula in the form of liquid food that was made from skim milk or full cream, sugar, and oil or margarine. The addition of soybean flour was given to increase the protein content which is intended for alternative handling cases of protein energy deficiency. This study was developed to analyze the effect of the modification of Modisco III formula by adding soybean flour to the growth of malnutrition rats. The design of this study was a pre-post test control group using 24 Wistar male rats which were treated malnutrition, which was divided into 4 groups. Control (-): low protein feed, Control (+): standard AIN-93G feed, Treatment (1): Modisco III soybean feed, and Treatment (2): Modisco III soybean meal + cassava flour. Based on the analysis of varians (ANOVA) there was a significant difference on the weight and body length between group (p <0.0001). The addition of soybean flour on the modified Modisco III had influenced on the weight and body length (p <0.0001) as well as on the growth of malnutrition rats.

Keywords
Modisco, soybean, malnutrition

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dkUfYhLjyWn8

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
1) Nutrition Study Program, Ngudi Waluyo University, Semarang, Indonesia
2) Departement Science of Nutrition, Faculty of medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang – Indonesia
Email: dyahkartika[at]unw.ac.id

Abstract
Soaring drug prices and side effects for health have the effect of boosting food supplementation by utilizing natural resources. Increased consumption of phytochemicals that have antioxidant activity can suppress the onset of degenerative diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the improvement of food consumption patterns, one of which is natural antioxidants from papaya leaves. Proving the effect of giving jelly from extract papaya leaves to the level of SOD in healthy people. This research is an experimental study with a pre-post design randomized design involving 20 respondents consumption papaya leaves jelly within 20 days. Chlorophyll extraction was best found in extraction treatment with papaya leaf extract which had total chlorophyll content 11.29 mg/dL and antioxidant levels 52.13 mg/dL, taking into account the flavor and texture of jelly. Papaya leaf jelly has an effect on SOD levels (p = 0,000) with the meaning that it has a significant effect. Jelly from papaya leaf extraction 24.6 grams for 20 days gave a significant effect on increasing SOD levels in MDA levels in the blood.

Keywords
chlorophyll jelly, papaya leaves, antioxidants

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/HNzWc4exqFTV

Corresponding Author
putri diyah anggraini

Institutions
1 Magister Program of Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang No. 5
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang Jl. Semarang No. 5

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) is one of autoimmune disease because of oxidative stress that would increase the number of CD4+ cells. It will cause inflammatory and damage in synovial membrane and joints. Conventional therapy which used to overcome inflammatory by administering non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAID) are able to make bleeding and damage gastrointestinal tract and liver. Red betel (Piper crocatum) content flavonoid which has oxidant activity. This research was conducted to determine the effect of red betel leaf extract on the number of CD4 + cells and to find dose are able to reduce number CD4 + cells in RA mice. The animal used were eight weeks of male balb C strain mice were eight weeks with ranged of weight from 28-30 grams. Mice will divide into six groups (normal, RA without therapy, aspirin therapy, therapy by red betel leaf extract dose 100 mg/g, 200 mg/g and 400 mg/g). Each treatment was delivered by gavage with 0.5 ml for 21 days. At the end of treatment, The mice were sectioned and lymphocytes were isolated to count the number of CD4 + cells using flowcytometry. The results showed leaf extract of red betel has an effect to decrease the number of CD4 + cells on RA mice, whereas leaf extract of red betel optimal dose is 200 mg/g and has a tendency to decrease the number of CD4 + cells.

Keywords
red betel leaf extract, rheumatoid arthritis, CD4+

Topic
Zoology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YCwPhMeNZHXA

Corresponding Author
Ahmad Hapiz

Institutions
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia

a)Coresponding author : irma.kartika.fmipa[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Abstract. Carboxymethyl k-carrageenan (CMKC), a derivate product of kappa carrageenan, is one of coating material that is used for nanomagnetite coated production. The important parameter to determining quality of CMKC is degree of substitution (DS). DS value indicated the number of hydroxyl groups that were converted into carboxyl groups. Polarity of synthesis reaction medium affect to the DS value of CMKC that was synthesized. This research was arranged to analyze the effect of synthesis reaction medium polarity on the DS value of CMKC, we was studied the use of isopropanol-ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture at some proportion variation, as synthesis reaction medium, relation between polarity of reaction medium and DS value of CMKC, then determine optimum proportion of isopropanol-ethanol-ethyl acetate, asreaction medium, that was produced CMKC that has highest DS value. This research was done in two step (1) synthesize of cmkc by monochloroacetic acid (MCA) as etherification agent and mixture of isopropanol-ethanol-ethyl acetate as reaction medium (2) characterization of CMKC properties to determine the effect of synthesis reaction medium polarity against DS value. The results showed that reaction medium polarity affect on the value of DS. CMKC synthesis that was done in isopropanol-ethanol-etyl acetate 25:2:3 v/v has the highest DS value, 1.60.

Keywords
Degree of Substitution, Medium Reaction Polarity, Nanomagnetite coating

Topic
Biochemistry

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uQ2ALgy3ZVtb

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Maryanto

Institutions
Nursing Study Program, The University of Ngudi Waluyo
Diponegoro street No. 186, East Ungaran, Semarang Regency Central Java 50512, Indonesia
Email: ekosmrg18[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Waste is still a problem that disturbs the community, waste consists of several types, including solid waste in and liquid waste. Liquid waste can be produced from the results of household activities, this liquid waste is in the form of oil, sauce and soup leftovers, etc. This liquid waste will be discarded along with soap waste through a drainage system which if it is discarded to the ground , it has the potential to cause damage. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to reduce the negative impact of these household wastes. The method in this study was a quasi experiment that will measure the quality of wastewater before and after being processed with tools made by researchers. The measuring instrument used TDS meter. The results show that water treated with the first filter is more effective than the second and the third filters. The composition of the first filter consists of peble, sponge, cloth, pool filter. The differences between the first filter and the second/third filter is that fine and coarse sawdust were added in the second and third filter. After being tested it turns out that sawdust actually contributes to increase the level of pollution in the wastewater.

Keywords
Environmental management, quality of life

Topic
Environmental Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/azb8vxjmU9c7

Corresponding Author
Mayvita Muntadiroh

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine University of Islam Malang
Address: Jl. MT. Haryono 193 Malang, East Java province, Indonesia 65145
*Correspondence: Dr. dr. Doti Wahyuningsih, M. Kes
E mail address: dotiwahyuningsih[at]unisma.ac.id

Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease associated with inflammatory process and free radical formation. It causes progressive joint cartilage damage. The rhizome of red ginger and cogon grass (RGCG) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This present study aimed to evaluate the effects of RGCG treatment on nitrate level of plasmatic and synovial membrane tissue of Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were grouped into five; control (CTL), osteoarthritic rats (OA), and 3 different doses of treatment groups (P1, P2, P3). Each rat of OA and treatment groups were given 0,1 ml right knee intraarticular complete Freund-s adjuvant (CFA) injection to induce local osteoarthritic state. All treatment groups were orally administered with 40 mg/day of I. cylindrica decoction. However, P1, P2 and P3 groups were given 9, 18 and 36 mg of Z. officinale decoction each day for 10 days, respectively. Nitrate level was measured with nitric oxide colorimetric assay kit. Plasmatic nitrate data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney. However, nitrate level of synovial membrane tissue was using oneway ANOVA continued with Post Hoc. Result were considered to be significant at P<0,05. Results: Plasmatic nitrate level of treatment groups was 4.3 ± 0.55, 3.91 ± 2.39, and 3.64 ± 0.7 nmol/µL respectively in P1, P2, and P3. These were significantly lower than OA group (7.15 ± 2.68 nmol/µL, P<0,05). In addition, synovial membrane tissue nitrate level of treatment groups was 2.99 ± 1.18, 2.79 ± 1.09 and 2.87 ± 0.41 nmol/µL respectively in P1, P2, and P3. These were significantly lower than OA group (3.84 ± 1.56 nmol/µL, P<0,05). Conclusions: The administration of RGCG decoction reduced the level of nitrate both in blood plasma and synovial membrane tissue in osteoarthritic-induced Wistar rats. The combination of Zingiber officinale and Imperata cylindrica may have potential as an anti-osteoarthritis agent.

Keywords
osteoarthritis, Zingiber officinale, Imperata cylindrica, nitric oxide

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7ADzTwvKdmgP

Corresponding Author
Alif Rofiqotun Nurul Alimah

Institutions
Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract
Single bulb garlic contains high sulfur compounds and widely used to reduce cholesterol. The imbalanced between Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), increase of Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol will trigger various diseases including atherosclerosis. This study aimed to analyze the lipid profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with single bulb garlic extract. This research used twenty-four eight-week-old mice Balb/C grouped into six groups; normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with 26 mg/kg BW simvastatin (HFD + simv), HFD with single bulb garlic extract (SBGE) 125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW respectively. Simvastatin and SBGE administrated daily for thirty day. At the end of the research, mice were sacrificed, then blood was collected from the heart and sentrifuged to obtain serum. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The results showed that administration of a SBGE was able to restore HDL and LDL concentration and reduce cholesterol and tryglyceride levels significantly (p<0.05) in mice with HFD. Our result suggest that SBGE could use as supplement or therapy to treat atherosclerosis.

Keywords
Single bulb garlic, high fat diet, lipid profile, atherosclerosis

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9nGrAFQL7ujN

Corresponding Author
Wira Eka Putra

Institutions
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang
2Division of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Yayasan Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia)
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University

*Corresponding Email: hendrabio[at]um.ac.id

Abstract
Recent trend in health care demonstrates the significant use of herbal as preventive or therapeutic strategy against multiple type of diseases including respiratory disorder. Thus, in this present study we aims to explore the potential of black tea phytochemical compounds as inhibitor against human α-3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The 2D structure of black tea compounds were retrived online from PubChem data base. On the other hand, the 3D protein structure of human α-3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAchR) was obtained from protein data base. Protein-ligand preparation were proceed to optimize the molecular interaction results. The final step of this screening is performed data visualization and analysis. In this study, we found that there are three potential compounds that might be act as inhibitor for α-3-NAchR considering of its energy free binding. Thus, this results indicate that the black tea bioactive compounds might be potential to develop as inhibitory agents for α-3-NAchR to minimize the negative effect of nicotine.

Keywords
α-3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, black tea, nicotine

Topic
Bioinformatics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gxRKjavJPWk7

Corresponding Author
Rahma Auri Wijayanti

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang

Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) due to predispose and biomechanics factors leads to direct degradation of the cartilage. This degradation process breakdowns the lipopolysaccharide of macrophages which then increases leukotrienes- production and plasmatic leukocyte. The red ginger (Z. officinale) and cogon grass (I. cylindrica) rhizomes are known to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This present study evaluated the effects of Z. officinale and I. cylindrica decoction on plasmatic leukocytes and its differential count in osteoarthritic-induced Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty five male Wistar rats aged four months, weighed 270-300 g were grouped into five groups; control (CTL), osteoarthritic rats (OA), and 3 different doses of treatment groups (P1, P2, P3). Each rat of OA and treatment groups were given 0,1 ml right knee intraarticular complete Freund-s adjuvant (CFA) injection to induce local osteoarthritic state. All treatment groups were orally administered with 40 mg/day of I. cylindrica decoction. However, P1, P2 and P3 groups were given 9, 18 and 36 mg of Z. officinale decoction each day for 10 days, respectively. Plasmatic leukocytes and its differential count were measured using hematology analyzer. Data were statistical analyzed with One Way ANOVA test followed by post hoc test. The significant level at P less than 0.05. Results The plasmatic leucocytes was 11.46 ± 7.72, 53.84 ± 22.39, 4.44 ± 1.04, 3.76 ± 0.35, and 8.94 ± 4.66 respectively in CTL, OA, P1, P2, and P3 (103/µL). The treatment groups have lower plasmatic leucocytes in comparison with OA group (P <0.05). We then evaluated the differential types of leucocyte; granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte. Plasmatic granulocyte was 2.03 ± 1.42, 13.7 ± 9.05, 0.21 ± 0.08, 0.47 ± 0.74, and 0.95 ± 1.11 respectively in CTL, OA, P1, P2, and P3 (103/µL). Plasmatic lymphocyte was 7.88 ± 5.43, 30 ±13.03, 3.14 ± 0.62, 2.9 ±0.34 and 6.6 ± 3.95 respectively in CTL, OA, P1, P2, and P3 (103/µL). Plasmatic monocyte was 1.72 ± 0.78, 8.12 ± 4.14, 1.08 ± 0.43, 0.74 ± 0.13 and 1.38 ± 0.63 respectively in CTL, OA, P1, P2, and P3 (103/µL). The treatment groups have lower differential count of leucocytes in comparison with OA group (P <0.05). Conclusions Decoction extract of Z officinale and I cylindrica reduced plasmatic leukocytes and corrected its differential count in osteoarthritic-induced Wistar rats. Combination of Z officinale and I cylindrica may have potential as anti-osteoarthritis. Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Imperata cylindrica, leucocytes, osteoarthritis *Correspondence: Dr. dr. Doti Wahyuningsih, M. Kes Faculty of Medicine University of Islam Malang Address: Jl. MT. Haryono 193 Malang, East Java province, Indonesia 65145 E mail address: dotiwahyuningsih@unisma.ac.id *Correspondence: dr.Rima Zakiyah,Sp.Rad Faculty of Medicine Uniersity of Islam Malang Address : Perum. Galxy Regency,Malang, East Java province,Indonesia

Keywords
Zingiber officinale, Imperata cylindrica, leucocytes, osteoarthritis

Topic
Biomedical Science

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aDthL2bTEMcZ

Corresponding Author
Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen

Institutions
1Biology Conservation Program, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. Lingkar UI street, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia

2Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia. Lingkar UI street, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia

3Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Ir. H. Juanda street No. 13 Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-251-8322-187,
4Corresponding author: rizmoon.zulkar[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The existence of Pinanga javana as an endemic palm from Java has not yet been known for its ecological information in its natural habitat. The aim of the study was to explain the distribution pattern and development of P. javana growth in its natural habitat. The research design used a purposive sampling method with a plot measuring 10x10 m. The location of the research is on the eastern slope and the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. Data was analysed by using the Morisita index to find out the distribution patterns. Descriptive analysis was used to explain the development of P. javana growth. The results showed that the pattern of the distribution of P. javana in its natural habitat was spread in groups. The morphological development of P. javana growth follows the Corner architecture model. P. javana seeds are included in the recalcitrant seed type and hypogeal sprouts. The dispersal agent of P. javana seeds is carried out by common civet palm (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).

Keywords
endemic palm, natural habitat, ecology

Topic
Botany

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/XHReYBqPwFzN