Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Ibnu Susanto Joyosemito

Institutions
1 University of Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Public health, Jakarta, Indonesia
3Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Osaka, Japan
*Corresponding author: narilamutia[at]uinjkt.ac.id

Abstract
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is continued to be a burden of disease in Indonesia, particularly in Jakarta region. The change of climate condition is one factor that affect the occurrence of DHF. The objective of this study is to develop a dynamic model, estimate the cases of DHF using climate factor and calculate the burden of DHF utilizing single measure outcome, Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) in Jakarta. The actual data of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and DHF cases from January 2000 to December 2013 were analyzed. We projected the DHF Incidences until 2050 using those climate factors by developing a dynamic model. We then calculate the burden of disease for DHF. Our result shows that relative humidity is climate factore which has the significant association with the DHF cases. In our model, the incidence rate of DHF is projecting to decrease until 2050. However, the burden of disease in the terms of DALY remains high in the period. It is expected that the model can assist the risk management for the DHF prevention from the environmental perspective. It is also possible to apply the model for measuring the burden of disease related to climate factor in other location.

Keywords
Climate change, health security, burden of disease, dengue, DALY

Topic
Biomedical and Health Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GVZQBky94jPh

Corresponding Author
meta maulida damayanti

Institutions
a) Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
*meta_md[at]unisba.ac.id
b) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
c) Departement of microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
d) Departmenet of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
Smoking habit can lead to oral diseases. Moreover, not many people are aware of the relationship of smoking with potential oral diseases. Micronuclei (MN) count is a promising indicator for the cytotoxic effects of smoking. Our study was aimed at establishing a correlation between the MN counts and oral hygiene index among smoking habits. A total of 62 subjects were examined with smoking habit. Oral mucosal cells were collected from both sides of cheeks, slides were prepared and examined for cells with micronuclei where the presence of micronuclei was assessed under Χ100 magnification. Oral hygiene index is measured by simple instrument screening to assess debris and calculus index of teeth. The results shown that there was no statistically significant correlation between MN and OHI of smoking habits. The null hypothesis that the correlation is zero and not linear is accepted (P 0.61 is greater than the significance determined alpha 0.05) with the correlation value -0.07. There was no correlation between MN and OHI of the smoking, but the genotoxic effects of smoking cause chromosomal damage in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa and are reflected in the occurrence of micronuclei and the poor of oral hygiene index of smoking.

Keywords
Micronucleus assay; Oral hygiene index; Smoking effect

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9pGT7deFgbqM

Corresponding Author
Julia Hartati

Institutions
(a)Pharmacology Department of Faculty Medicine of Unisba
(b)Microbiology Department of Faculty Medicine of Unisba
*jay.mathabiya[at]gmail.com

Abstract
White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq: Fr Kumm) is a food source that contains high nutrition and various secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, such as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. The mushroom is widely used for the prevention of various diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and carcinoma. This study assessed the acute toxicity of White Oyster Mushroom ethanol extract, so that the preparation of white oyster mushroom ethanol extract can be increased to become a standardized herbal. The acute toxicity test uses the proposed method, which is a new method recommended for the acute toxicity test of natural substances. Doses tested in this study started from 10 mg / kg body weight to a maximum dose of 5000 mg / kg body weight. Observations of toxicity tests were conducted within the first 24 hours at each stage and the parameters observed were mortality of experimental animals and changes in behavior of experimental animals. The results of the acute toxicity test showed that no experimental animal died during the range of dosing, since the smallest dose reached the maximum dose, other than that there was no visible change in behavior in experimental animals during ethanol extract administration. White oyster mushroom ethanol extract is relatively safe does not show any acute toxicity, because it has a wide dose range.

Keywords
White oyster mushroom ethanol extract, acute toxicity test, the proposed method

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/e9VYghvtc6EZ

Corresponding Author
Ambar Hardjanti

Institutions
1Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI
2Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia,Jakarta

Abstract
Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is a public health problem in Indonesia. The nation capital Jakarta has the most cases compared to other provinces. Rawasari District was declared an endemic area for Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Eradication of DHF centred on vector (Ae. aegypti) control. Organophosphate is the insecticide of choice for over 25 years of vector control effort. Insect resistance to organophosphate is marked by an increase of non-specific esterase enzyme activity that can be detected using microplate assay. Method: This study collects Ae.aegypti and larvae randomly from houses in the research area and conduct alfa esterase activity assay using microplate reader. Briefly, larvae homogenate placed inside ice cooled microplate wells. The prepared reagent used to assessed esterase activity from each homogenate and evaluated using spectrophotometer at 450 nm. Sampling locations were determined geographically using Google Earth. Results: Organophosphate resistance pattern from Rawasari district area shows a 22.4% high resistance, 41.1% moderate resistance and 36.4% larvae still sensitive to organophosphate. Discussion: Resistance pattern shows in this study was similar to other study conducted in the greater Jakarta area. However, a large proportion of the vector has moderate resistance, which warrants a vector resistance surveillance program. Vector control program conducted at Rawasari district can still use organophosphate to eliminate DHF vector.

Keywords
Ae.aegypti, Resistance, Organophosphate, Enzym, Vector

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gKR9AJZwtHDU

Corresponding Author
Yuke Andriane

Institutions
Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba

Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common causes of organ damage, including liver injury. The purpose of this study was to observe the hepatoprotective effect of sea cucumber (holothurian edulis spp) on alloxan-induced rats. This is an experimental study using Wistar strain rats. The rats were randomly divided into six groups, each contain 6 rats (Control group, Alloxan group, Glibenclamide group, Extract ethanol of sea cucumber groups divided into three doses: 100 mg/ 200gBW/day, 200 mg/200 gBW/day, and 400 mg/200 gBW/day). After the rats were induced by alloxan then intervened with ethanol extract of sea cucumber and glibenclamide for 12 days. In the end of study, rats were sacrificed and liver histopathological were determined. The result revealed that there was sinusoid dilatation and congestion, central veins were not intact, the portal veins and the bile ducts in the portal area were dilated, and histiocyte appearance on cellular architecture from alloxan group. However, in the ethanol extract of sea cucumber group sinusoid showed begin to be narrowing and central venous was intact especially in 200 mg/200 gBW/day dose group. This study showed that ethanol extract of sea cucumber has possibility as hepatoprotective agent might be due to reduction of oxidative damage by decreased free radical generation. Keywords: alloxan; liver injury; Oxidative Stress; sea cucumber

Keywords
alloxan, histopathology, liver, and sea cucumber

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UXzV4rYbQpTt

Corresponding Author
deis hikmawati

Institutions
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
Melasma is a predominant hyper melanosis disorder on the face, which is often experienced by middle-aged women. Melasma occurs due to the excessive melanin formation process. The target of melasma therapy is to inhibit melanocyte proliferation and melanosome formation, also increase melanosome degradation. The decreasing of the inflammatory response is a way to inhibit melanin formation. Conventional melasma therapy has some side effects such as erythema and burning, ochronosis, also depigmentation such as confetti. One of the natural ingredients that have the potential to be developed as anti melasma is aloe vera. This study aims to analyze the potential and target of Aloe vera protein as anti melasma. This study uses the In silico method using the pathway analysis method with Pubchem Software, Swiss Target Prediction, String and Cystoscope. The results show that of the many phytochemicals present in aloe, several phytochemical compounds are predicted to act and inhibit the formation of melanin Tyrosinase-related protein1 (TYRP1), EStrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1), Interleukin 10 (IL10), and inducible NO synthase INOS. The conclusion is in silico analysis, the active substance contained can inhibit the enzyme TYR1, and increase IL10 and suppress ESR1 and INOS.

Keywords
Keywords: Aloe vera, antimelasma, in silico, target protein tyrosinase,

Topic
Biopharmaceutical Product and Engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/x3WmVYf7rjBG

Corresponding Author
Siska Nia Irasanti

Institutions
(a*)Public Health Department
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
(b)Public Health Department
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
(c)Paediatric Department
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
Al Ihsan Hospital, Jawa Barat

Abstract
Background: The decision to upgrade service level in the era of National Health Insurance (BPJS Kesehatan) is a demand arising for health services. There are several factors that influence the demand for health services. Objectives: The aims of the study are to explore the factors that influence the patients decision of choosing to upgrade their service level in Hospital. Our research also correlate the dimension of quality and patient expectation on health care services based on their determinant in the upgrading of service level selection. Research Methods: This study was an observational study with cross-sectional design of the 172 respondents from Al Ihsan, Unisba main teaching and public hospital in Jawa Barat Province, Indonesia. This research identified a list of 15 items of questionnaires from 5 dimension of patients quality and expectation of health care services (responsiveness component, the assurance component empathy component and component reliability). The research was conducted by interviewing the respondents using a questionnaire at the time of going home from the hospital or during outpatient control. Results: The results revealed seven determinants of hospital service level upgrade. There were - the availability of hospital room with better service level, The complete facilitation of the new hospital room with better services level, the affordable price, additional insurance, quality of health services, comfortable places, and private health room services. There were significant correlation between the quality and the expectation of health services, and it revealed p=0,188 (p value≤0,05) with correlation coefficient 0,101(Strong correlation). The biggest factors of patients upgrade their service levels was because the complete facilitation of the new hospital room with better services level (90,7%), and the followed by comfort, private and affordable prices. The better patients perception of health care quality is shown by factors that are statistically different significantly and they were additional insurance (p=0.000), quality of health services (p=0.007), comfortable places (p=0.040), and private health room services (p=0.049). Conclusions: Hospital complete facilitation make patient want to upgrade their service level in hospital. Rates adjusment and standardization of hospital services, monitoring of class availability in hospital, as well as the National Health Insurance premium adjustment is required in order to implement better social security. Increase of the quality of health services level are required to meet the patient expectation.

Keywords
patients choice, service level upgrading, BPJS Kesehatan

Topic
Hospital and Nursing Management

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pWmEZnQVJ276

Corresponding Author
Shahnaj Pervin

Institutions
(a)Associate Professor of Anatomy, Asia Metropolitan University
(b) Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University

(c) Senior Lecturer, Microbiology, Asia Metropolitan University

Abstract
Introduction: Mobile technologies have the potential to enhance conceptual learning of undergraduate students. [1]. Different studies showed that successful use of mobile technologies improves student-s capacity for clinical decision making [2]. The procedure has no extra cost, no need training and more manpower so beneficial for faculties and institutes. Aim of the study: To find out the impact of students learning using animation through mobile technology. Method: A cross-sectional analytic study has been done to the year 1 MBBS student of Asia metropolitan university. A total number of 62 students were divided into two batches. First batch students were taught with diagrams and the flow chart using power point. In the next batch, students were taught with animated embryology CD ROM "Simbryo”’ of Langmans Medical Embryology book through mobile or tab. Students learning of both classes were tested by 5 SBAQs in posttest respectively in the online platform and the scores of both post-tests were compared. Result: In the class with diagram, 47%, 18%, 25% and 10% students scored 10, 15, 5 and 0 respectively. In the animated class through mobile, 66% 12%, 3%, 11% and 8% student got 15, 20, 25, 10 and 5 respectively. Total marks were 25. Conclusion: The present study showed the students were able to understand better the embryology class by animated teaching in mobile technology than the power point lecture with diagram.

Keywords
Keywords: Mobile technology, Animation, Embryology.

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/cBfZChNtnzAK

Corresponding Author
Putri Nur Namira

Institutions
Bandung Islamic University

Abstract
According to WHO 2014, the cancer with the highest morbidity for women is from breast cancer. The treatment chemotheraphy still has its negative points, such as low effectivity, high adverse effects and resistancy to therapy. This has encourage a search for a natural alternative as a therapy or co-chemotherapy for cancer. This study evaluates the anticancer effect and combination of the compound [1,2-epoksi-3(3-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-4h-1-benzopiran-4on)] propane (EPI) with Doxorubicin in breast cancer culture MCF7. The study is experimental in vitro, the cytotoxicity is analize using (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) (MTT). The IC50 is analized using probit regression calculation using SPSS software. The synergystic effect of EPI and Doxorubicin is analized based on the the value of Combination Index and the data is analized using Compusyn software 1.0. The result of the studies shows that the IC50 for EPI is 50,77 µg/mL and for Doxorubicin is 26,80 µg/mL. CI for EPI and Doxorubicin (EPI-DOX) shows the average at value 0,1-0,7 which means it has synergistic effect. The most synergystic effect at concentration 1/8 IC50 EPI with ½ IC50 Doxorubicin which is 0.00302. In conclusion, the compound EPI shows anticancer effect toward cancer cell MCF7 and strong synergystic effect when combined with Doxorubicin.

Keywords
Doxorubicin, Epoxy, Breast Cancer, MCF7

Topic
Drug Discoveries and Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xZmWED8MwzX7

Corresponding Author
Ferry Achmad Firdaus Mansoer, dr., MM.,SpOG

Institutions
1) Obstetry and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
2) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
3) Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
4) Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
Lung cancer is a cancer with the highest incidence in the world. Conventional chemotherapy for lung cancer has side effects, high resistance and toxicity, so it is necessary to search for sensitive and effective chemotherapy drugs from natural ingredients that are widely Tersedia di in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the anticancer effect of compound 1,2-epoxy-3 (3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) -4H-1-benzopiran-4on) propan (EPI) which is synthesized from clove leaf oil and its combination effects with Doxorubicin on HTB183 lung cancer cells. This research is a pure in vitro experimental study of HTB183 lung cancer culture cells. Toxicity tests were carried out using the method of tetrazolium 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to calculate cell viability. IC50 value was obtained by analysis using probit regression calculation using SPSS software. The synergism of this compound with Doxorubicin was determined based on the value of the Combination Index (IK) using a combination test with series 1/2IC50, 3/8IC50, 1/4IC50, and 1/8IC50 and the data was analyzed using Compusyn 1.0 software. The results showed IC50 EPI compounds is 1.41(±0.86)μg/mL, and Doxorubicin is 2.21(±0.98)μg/mL. The IK value of EPI-Doxorubicin has an average value of 0.3-0.7 which means it has a synergistic effect, and the lowest value is obtained from a combination of EPI 0,63μg/mL and Doxorubicin 0,26μg/mL with CI = 0.066. In conclusion EPI compounds have anticancer effects potent to HTB183 lung cancer cells and synergistic with Doxorubicin.

Keywords
anticancer, combination, Doxorubicin, epoxy, lung cancer

Topic
Public Health and Occupational Health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qrctkJCygzZe

Corresponding Author
suwendar suwendar

Institutions
Bandung Islamic University

Abstract
Indonesia with a tropical climate allows the growth of various fungi including pathogenic fungi so that fungal infections have a high prevalence. Fungal infections with high prevalence include leucorrhoea and dandruff, each caused by Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. This research is an attempt to prove scientifically about the potential antifungal activity of rose apple leaves [Eugenia aqueum (Burm. F) Alston]. The objectives of this research were to obtain the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Evaluation of antifungal activity was carried out by diffusion method using well techniques. Tests were carried out on Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves showed antifungal activity both against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The MIC of ethanol extract was 1% both to Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale.

Keywords
ethanol extract of rose apple leaves, antifungal activity, MIC

Topic
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gHc2rRxjEGKJ

Corresponding Author
Eddy Multazam

Institutions
a) Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta,
Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15419, Indonesia
*eddymultazam88[at]gmail.com
b) Department of Biomedic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta,
Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15419, Indonesia
c) Department of Health Community, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta,
Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15419, Indonesia

Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) remains a mainstay for TB treatment despite the fact that it can cause liver hepatotoxic. Previous mechanistic hypotheses have classified this type of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as a metabolic oddity mainly due to bioactivation of the acetylhydrazine metabolites and oxidative stress induced in the liver. Ocimum americanum is an herb from the Lamiaceae family which has phytochemicals that contain antioxidants and have the potential to protect against free radicals and ROS molecules. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotector potential of ethanol extract of Ocimum americanum L. against INH-induced liver damage in mice. The liver biomarker serum, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were investigated. Treatment groups (INH 100mg/kgBW + OA 2,8 mh/20grBW and INH 100mg/kgBW + OA 5,6 mg/20grBW) were compared to INH group (INH 100 mg/KgBW) and normal control group as well. All treatments were given for 14 days intragastrically. Treatment with INH significantly increased the ALT and AST levels, where OA-treatment reduced these activities in both extract dosage groups (P<0.05). These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Ocimum americanum L. may have antihepatotoxic role related to its antioxidant activity.

Keywords
Isoniazid; Ocimum americanum; Hepatoprotector; Antioxidant

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jBaYxueCQrPb

Corresponding Author
Wiwiek Setiowulan Sp.A., M.Kes.

Institutions
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
2Department of Pediatrics, Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah , Bandung, Indonesia
3Department of Pediatrics, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Al Ihsan, Bandung, Indonesia
4 Intern Doctor, Department of Pediatrics, Rumah Sakit Angkatan Udara dr. M. Salamun, Bandung, Indonesia

Coresponding Email: aisafatiha[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening uncommon disease that can be difficult to diagnose. A prolonged duration of fever before the appearance of other cardinal symptoms may cause an initial miss diagnosis. We present a case of a 10 year old girl with ten days of high fever first treated as typhoid fever. She was on the fifth week of antituberculosis treatment (ATT). A diagnosis of DRESS was made after the appearance of pruritic morbiliform rash and severe liver injury. The fever decreased after we stopped the ATT and gave systemic corticosteroid, followed by resolution of other symptoms. The diagnosis of TB disease in this patient was made in primary health care facility using pediatric TB scoring system. Despite the total score of 6 (positive tuberculin test and TB exposure), she has normal chest X-ray and no symptoms of TB. Therefore, the patient has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not needed. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack identification of specific drug causing DRESS in this case.

Keywords
Antituberculosis treatment, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, latent tuberculosis infection.

Topic
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/whf7zvaL3RUt

Corresponding Author
Juliani Ibrahim

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine
Muhammadiyah Makassar University
Jl. Sultan Alauddin No.259 Makassar, South Sulawesi
Email: juliabox1[at]gmail.com

Abstract
Introduction Implementation of antenatal cares remains on focus antenatal care (FANC) model, however on real services WHO 2016 model also has been implemented. Aims of the study It is needed to assess the implementation of proper effect of intervention on life birth particularly to the low birth weight. Method A cross sectional study with questionnaire is used in reproductive women age in four-community health centers. All intervention on antenatal contacts was dichotomized (yes, no). Descriptive analyses were performed percentage and frequencies. Multiple logistic regressions were computed, odds ratio and (95%) confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total 227 respondent participated. Among the associated factors by bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that gestational diabetes mellitus with p value 0.011 (OR 3.97; 95% CI 0.378-11.463) preventive measure by given antibiotic asymptomatic bacteriuria with p value 0.007 (OR 0.243; 95% CI 0.086-0.685) minimum of eight contacts during pregnancy with p value 0.000 (OR 0.130; 95% CI 0.045-0.371) are strong associated with low birth weight. Conclusion Intervention with WHO 2016 model such as preventive measurement of gestational diabetes mellitus, given antibiotic asymptomatic bacteriuria and minimum of eight contacts potentially to low birth weight outcome.

Keywords
Antenatal care; model; measurement; low birth weight

Topic
Public Health and Occupational Health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qRE872wZCnm3

Corresponding Author
Budiman Budiman

Institutions
Medical Faculty Unisba

Abstract
Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter (UKMPPD) is a national board that determines the recognition of a medical student as a doctor. In theory, passing a test is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among them are the ability to think metacognitive, self-reflection and learning approaches. This study aims to determine the association between metacognitive thinking ability, self-reflection and learning approach to the graduation of Computerized Based Test (CBT) UKMPPD. Respondents in this study were 107 students of the medical education study program (PSPD) at the professional stage in one of the medical faculties in West Java who will undergo the UKMPPD in May 2019. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire contained questions about ability to think metacognitive, self-reflection and learning approaches through Googleform. The UKMPPD CBT results were collected in the May 2019 period. The design used in this study was a cohort study. Data analysis with Chi square test. The results showed that there was no significant association between metacognitive thinking ability, self-reflection and learning approach with UKMPPD CBT graduation. The ability to think metacognitive, self-reflection and learning approaches still needs to be improved to increase student learning abilities.

Keywords
metacognitive thinking, student reflection, learning approach, UKMPPD

Topic
Curriculum Development and Evaluation

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MX24N7LAdnRV

Corresponding Author
Titik Respati

Institutions
1) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
2) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
3) Department of Industrial Engineering. Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
The unavailability of basic sanitation facilities, waste management and clean water is one of the essential factors influencing dengue in developing countries. However, this important factors mostly neglected by local government. This paper describe the basic sanitation facilities including clean water, toilet facilities and sewage systems (liquid waste) or household solid waste, and the presence of mosquito breeding places to dengue cases. This a mixed method research with data collected from Health District Office and a survey conducted in 2,036 houses. Results showed that factors that influence the existence of a breeding place in the house is the condition of the house, trash and wastewater disposal facilities. While related to breeding places outside the home are: latitude, two-story houses, and the availability of trash bins and wastewater facilities. In conclusion dengue cases and breeding sites are influenced by land use, especially the formation of unplanned housing; and availability of basic sanitation facilities

Keywords
dengue, breeding places, basic sanitation facilities

Topic
other related topics

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ypMJgdxE9uv6

Corresponding Author
Ike Rahmawaty Alie

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine
Unisba

Abstract
Endothelial Dysfunction is defined as an imbalance between coagulation and thrombosis factors, loss of vasodilatation response ability in endothelium-dependent stimuli, loss of bioavailability of NO, increase in vasoconstrictive agents, interference with inflammatory regulation, and stimulate the release of microparticles. This was could be a risk on cardiovascular disease in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyze endothelial dysfunction earlier by releasing micro particles as potential biomarker cardiovascular risk on children and adult. The method in this study was reviewing articles using micro particles to detect endothelial dysfunction. Many studies from articles found that CD 31+ as one of micro particles biomarker increased in endothelial dysfunction. Microparticles could be released from endothel when the endothel got activation or apoptosis, this was especially chronic inflammatory that could be found on children such as obstructive sleep apnea or on adults such as obesity and many hypoxia conditions. This hypoxia causes endothelial stress which in turn causes apoptosis that can be a danger signal of acute ischemia and the incidence of hypoxia and triggers tissue repair mechanism.

Keywords
Cardiovascular, CD31+, Chronic Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Hypoxia

Topic
Biomedical and Health Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/DHXPzdZ6pax3

Corresponding Author
Indrianto Indrianto Sp.An KIC

Institutions
Anesthesiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
Anesthesiology Department, Al Ihsan Regional General Hospital West Java province

Abstract
Bronchospasm is a potentially serious problem encountered in perioperative who are undergoing general anesthesia. Bronchospasm that occurs is likely due to the respiratory tract that is still sensitive to inhalation after an infection, or spasm due to the release of histamine after administration of atracurium. In developing countries all over the world, the incidence of trauma due to traffic accidents is still high, especially limb trauma and head trauma in addition to multiple other traumas. A boy, age 13 years old, weight 48 kg, suffered a left thigh bone fracture, due to a traffic accident, planned to install plates and screws, through surgery with general anesthesia. The preoperative examination was obtained, GCS 15, history of accidents 4 days ago, history of respiratory tract infections that had healed 2 days ago, history of asthma (-), history of drug allergy (-), family history of asthma (+). Physical examination found: tension 115/74 mmHg, pulse 84x / min, respiration 18x / min, temperature afebrile. Laboratory blood tests are within normal limits. Induction was carried out by giving Fentanyl 50 mcg iv, Propofol 100 mg iv, Atracurium 20 mg iv, manually ventilated using O2, N2O, and sevoflurane gas. After 1 minute, the ventilation felt heavy, 20% SpO2, Tension 50/30 mmHg, pulse 130x / min, acral appeared cyanotic, immediately intubated with ETT no 6.5. Manual ventilation is still felt severe, 2 minutes later given bronchodilator Ventolin spray through ETT, Methylprednisolone 125 mg iv, Ephedrin 10 mg iv, Dexamethasone 4 mg iv. Manual ventilation continues, starting gradually becoming lighter, after 15 minutes, tension up 90/60 mmHg, pulse 120x / min, SpO2 95-97%, acral cyanosis (-). Conditions returned to normal, the operation continued with good results.

Keywords
bronchospasm - drug interventions - perioperative

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YyzTRmeNv7qa

Corresponding Author
Lelly Resna Sp.KJ(K).

Institutions
1) Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
2) Department of Psychiatry, Muhammadiyah Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
3) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Installation, West Java Mental Hospital, Indonesia

Abstract
Introduction: Mental conditions in children and adolescents today are very alarming. This condition is characterized by an increasing number of children and adolescents who experience psychosocial problems such as depression, substance abuse, crime and others. The impact of depression on adolescents can arise, among others, performing various actions such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), attempted suicide, even to death from suicide. Biopsychosocial factors in NSSI patients are very important to be traced because they play a role in the etiology, course of the disease, management and prognosis of the patient. Case report: A 13-year-old teenage girl with a chief complaint of self-injury a year ago. The patient injures himself with a cutter or razor on his arm which is getting done more and more frequently so that there are more injuries to the patients arms and thighs. But apparently many friends of patients at school who do the same thing. Biopsychosocial approaches are applied to patients and their families, including the provision of psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapy drugs to patients so that children can be independent and adapt to the environment. Family education and therapy is carried out so that the family can support the therapy process. Conclusion: The biopsychosocial factor approach to NSSI is satisfactory.

Keywords
adolescents-biopsychosocial-NSSI

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9CAxPzMFbQke

Corresponding Author
Dicky Santosa

Institutions
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
CASE REPORT: RETT SYNDROME Rett syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by autistic behavior, stereotypic hand movements, dementia, ataxia, epilepsy, growth disturbance, mental retardation, and often occurs in girls. The cause of Rett syndrome is due to a mutation in the MeCP2 gene. The purpose of this case report is a case review. A 14-year-old girl came to the Al Islam Bandung Hospital emergency with the diagnosis of Dengue Shock Syndrome, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Rett Syndrome. The patient was treated for 2 weeks, with complications of Respiratory Failure, UTI, Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Anemia, Epilepsy, Stomatitis, and Feeding Problems. Patients are known to suffer from Retts Syndrome since the age of 1 year. At this time the patient has reached stage 4 Rett Syndrome (late motor decline), with symptoms of scoliosis, muscle spatisity, severe physical disability, convulsions, dystonia, bradykinesia. The management of Rett Syndrome has so far aimed at improving and slow progression, as well as symptomatic treatment, thus requiring medical teams. The prognosis of Rett syndrome is unknown. Some patients die during childhood due to airway complications, arrhythmias, nutritional disorders, but many reach middle age.

Keywords
Autistic Disorder, Rett Syndrome

Topic
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/GK2kYC6MaDdq

Corresponding Author
Ismawati Ismawati

Institutions
a) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
Jalan Tamansari 22, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
*ismawati[at]unisba.ac.id
b) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
Jalan Tamansari 22, Bandung 40116, Indonesia

Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous rod shape Gram-positive bacteria with capability of forming endospores. In the sporulation phase, B.thuringiensis produces crystal proteins coded by cry4 gene which has insecticidal activity (bioinsecticides), including against larvae of mosquitoes. This study had been conducted to get an information about characterization of local isolates B.thuringiensis from soil at Bandung city. This is a descriptive study to find local isolates of B.thuringiensis which have cry4 gene. The media used in this study were Nutrient Agar (NA) and selective media (differential) Luria Bertani (LB) acetate buffer 0.25 M pH 6.8. B.thuringiensis isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for sensing cry4 genes existence. A total of 22 soil samples from 30 analyzed samples showed positive results containing 61 colonies of suspected B.thuringiensis. PCR results for 61 isolates using BtSpoOA primers showed that 28 isolates contained DNA of B. thuringiensis. Subsequent testing of 28 isolates using Un4 primers showed that there were 7 isolates that had the cry4 gene. It concluded that there are 7 isolates from this study that can be further tested to be developed into bioinsecticides againts larvae of mosquitoes.

Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis; cry4 gene; bioinsecticides

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bK7BmLAqCFuT

Corresponding Author
Yani Triyani

Institutions
1. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine UNISBA
2. Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine UNISBA
3. Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine UNISBA
4. Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine UNISBA
5. Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine UNISBA

Abstract
Scabies in Indonesia, especially in pesantren is still a problem in the city of Bandung. Various efforts have been made to treat and eliminate scabies in pesantren, but have not been able to make pesantren free of scabies. The purpose of this study was to determine data regarding the availability of PHBS textbooks in Islamic boarding schools. The study conducted an observational cross-sectional approach to 20 boarding school representatives around the city of Bandung, to find out the PHBS teaching materials used by students and the incidence of scabies in the pesantren visited. Election of pesantren by using random sampling, statistical analysis using t-test analysis. Based on data from the office of the ministry of religion in Bandung city education and boarding schools, there are 174 boarding schools in the city of Bandung. Of the 20 pesantren that were successfully visited, none have teaching materials on clean and healthy living behaviors that used as a guide for students. The highest incidence of scabies was 88%, and the lowest was 10%. The results showed that the presence of PHBS teaching materials was not related to the incidence of scabies. Multifactorial which can cause scabies in addition to teaching materials is a social-cultural factor, climate, clean water facilities, easy access to health services, easy access to health information besides PHBS textbooks. Although all pesantren did not have PHBS teaching materials, the existence did not affect the knowledge of students and the incidence of scabies statistically.

Keywords
Clean and Healthy Living Pocketbook, Pesantren, Scabies

Topic
Islamic approach in Medical and Health Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nxPMVXp86cRQ

Corresponding Author
Rayhana Saleh Kuddah

Institutions
Department Microbiology Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever is an acute disease in the community caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. How to spread the bacteria through oral-fecal with the intermediary of contaminated water and cooking. There are still many people in Indonesia who do not care about environmental cleanliness, especially in densely populated Jakarta. Varied clinical symptoms that make diagnosis difficult as well as laboratory results. So that research needs to be done to detect clinical symptoms or laboratory tests that are commonly found in typhoid fever patients today. Objective: To know the description of clinical symptoms, laboratory in adults with typhoid fever in the January-March period 2018. Methods: The type of this study was a retrospective descriptive study, using a cross sectional study design with a total sample of 84 medical records of patients. The study was conducted from October-December 2018 at Hospital X, East Jakarta. Retrieval of data obtained from the patients medical record. Results: Adult typhoid patients were hospitalized in Hospital X, East Jakarta, 32.24% aged 19-24 years, 58.33% female, and length of stay for 3 days was 40.48% with an average of 3.06 days. Patients who have a fever of 92.86%. Examination of widal O titer 1/320 positive at 34.52% and H titre 1/160 positive at 21.43%, normal Hb at 54.76%, normal leukocytes at 50%, normal platelets at 77.39%. Conclusion: Typhoid sufferers often occur in young adults, some patients have anemia

Keywords
Typhoid Fever, Widal Test

Topic
Community and Occupational Health

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bEzCHPhxm8fG

Corresponding Author
Hilda Aprilia Wisnuwardhani

Institutions
Department of Pharmacy
Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences
Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles are one type of metal nanoparticles that have not been widely studied. Copper nanoparticles have some uniqueness that affects their optical, catalysis and conductive properties. In addition, nanoparticles can also be applied in the field of microbiology because of their antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, using melinjo leaves extract as bioreductor. This research used copper (II) sulfate as a precursor. Melinjo leaves are extracted with water at 60oC. Beta cyclodextrin was used as a stabilizer. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles were using a comparison of extracts: CuSO4 solution: beta cyclodextrin 10 mg/mL = 1: 2: 2 (v / v / v). Nanoparticles were synthesized by reflux at 90oC for 4 hours. The optimization results show that the sonication process for 4 hours after synthesis affects the stability of the formed nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 682.8 nm and polydispersity index of 0.497.

Keywords
copper nanoparticles, beta cyclodextrin, melinjo leaves extract

Topic
Drug Discoveries and Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/x7vc2f9DwG4d

Corresponding Author
Yani Dewi Suryani

Institutions
Faculty of Medicine
Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
The thalassemias are a group of inherited hematologic disorders caused by defects in the synthesis of one or more of the hemoglobin chains. Affected patients need blood transfusion regularly during their lifetime. Repeated transfusion will increase ferritin levels and cause hemosiderosis in various organ including lungs. The aim of this study was to find correlation between ferritin levels and pulmonary function in thalassemia patients seen from PEF measurement. This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Ferritin levels was taken from medical record and PEF measurement using peak flow meter. This study was performed to 35 thalassemia patients. Data were analyzed using pearson test with STATA ver 11.0. The result shows mean value of ferritin levels was 4917,043 (SD±2493,99) ng/dL, meanwhile mean value of PEF was 126,57 (SD±51,86) L/min. This result indicate there was no significant correlation between those two variables. Increase in ferritin value because of repeated transfusions and hemolysis will induce hemosiderosis and pulmonary dysfunction. Besides of pulmonary dysfunction, another condition will affect the result of pulmonary function measurement which reflected by PEF value.

Keywords
Ferritin, Pulmonary Function, PEF, Thalassemia

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TfnHVabFRWUD

Corresponding Author
Fitrianti Darusman

Institutions
Program Studi Farmasi,
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam,
Universitas Islam Bandung,
Jl. Tamansari No.1 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 40116

Abstract
Currently there are many floor cleaning products that have antibacterial or disinfecting activity but are derived from chemicals, for example benzalkonium chloride. Not a few people who use this product in addition to the advertisements offered, this product is also proven to have an effective antimicrobial effect and at the same time very corrosive to remove dirt crust on the floor. On the other hand, this can have a negative impact on human health, because this can cause inhalation through the respiratory tract, contaminating food or sticking to the skin. Whats more, these household products are used every day to clean the house. By using herbal floor cleaning products from bidara leaf extract is a halal and safe solution, besides being able to use a floor from microbes it also keeps the house protected from interference from jinn and magic. Al-Quran Garden which is located on the Sersan Bajuri Canal, Cihideung Village, Parongpong District, is a center for nurseries, care, cultivation and sale of plants mentioned in the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah (Hadith) such as rose, tiin , pomegranate, grapes and arabian bidara. To support the Quranic Healing Clinic program, the Al-Quran Garden requires collaboration with educational institutions in this case the UNISBA Pharmacy Study Program in utilizing the results of research that is / has been carried out on the Quran plant herbs which are its commodities, among which are the objects of this PKM is the leaf of arabian bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) which is then developed into an herbal floor cleaning product as an antibacterial or natural disinfectant as well as a home media ruqyah. According to the proposition of the Koran, the leaves of bidara are not liked by jinn so it is effective in driving away the interference of jinn and magic. Bidara or sidr is mentioned 3 times in the surah Al-Quran, namely QS. Saba verse 16, QS. An-Najm verses 14 and QS. Al-Waqiah verse 28, which describes the bidara tree as a unique tree, because it can be found both in the natural world and the afterlife. Besides leaves bidara is one of the herbs that the Prophet Muhammad SAW recommended for use by humans in purifying or bathing. Thus, the Community Potential Empowerment Program (P3M) in PKM is closely related to the LPPM Strategic Plan namely the utilization of research, education and counseling results that are consultative to communities outside Unisba and training in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products using simple technology that can be developed with PKM partners to be used by the wider community.

Keywords
bidara arab leaf, sidr, antibacterial, natural desinfectant, household ruqyah

Topic
Drug Discoveries and Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2YQRxWyAZmbh

Corresponding Author
Fitrianti Darusman

Institutions
Program Studi Farmasi,
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam,
Universitas Islam Bandung,
Jl. Tamansari No.1 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 40116

Abstract
Background : Currently there are many floor cleaning products that have antibacterial or disinfecting activity but are derived from chemicals, for example benzalkonium chloride. Not a few people who use this product in addition to the advertisements offered, this product is also proven to have an effective antimicrobial effect and at the same time very corrosive to remove dirt crust on the floor. On the other hand, this can have a negative impact on human health, because this can cause inhalation through the respiratory tract, contaminating food or sticking to the skin. Whats more, these household products are used every day to clean the house. By using herbal floor cleaning products from bidara leaf extract is a halal and safe solution, besides being able to use a floor from microbes it also keeps the house protected from interference from jinn and magic. Purpose : Al-Quran Garden which is located on the Sersan Bajuri Canal, Cihideung Village, Parongpong District, is a center for nurseries, care, cultivation and sale of plants mentioned in the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah (Hadith) such as rose, tiin , pomegranate, grapes and arabian bidara. To support the Quranic Healing Clinic program, the Al-Quran Garden requires collaboration with educational institutions in this case the UNISBA Pharmacy Study Program in utilizing the results of research that is / has been carried out on the Quran plant herbs which are its commodities, among which are the objects of this PKM is the leaf of arabian bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) which is then developed into an herbal floor cleaning product as an antibacterial or natural disinfectant as well as a home media ruqyah. Methods : According to the proposition of the Koran, the leaves of bidara are not liked by jinn so it is effective in driving away the interference of jinn and magic. Bidara or sidr is mentioned 3 times in the surah Al-Quran, namely QS. Saba verse 16, QS. An-Najm verses 14 and QS. Al-Waqiah verse 28, which describes the bidara tree as a unique tree, because it can be found both in the natural world and the afterlife. Besides leaves bidara is one of the herbs that the Prophet Muhammad SAW recommended for use by humans in purifying or bathing. Results and Conclusion : Thus, the Community Potential Empowerment Program (P3M) in PKM is closely related to the LPPM Strategic Plan namely the utilization of research, education and counseling results that are consultative to communities outside Unisba and training in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products using simple technology that can be developed with PKM partners to be used by the wider community.

Keywords
bidara arab leaf, sidr, antibacterial, natural desinfectant, household ruqyah

Topic
Drug Discoveries and Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6Ea2MGWNkJvw

Corresponding Author
Dr. Jegathambigai Rameshwar Naidu

Institutions
Asia Metropolitan University, Malaysia.

Abstract
Over the past few centuries, Scientists have focused on drug development from herbal medicines or botanical sources, an important group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. Pharmaceutical potential of the culinary herbs, Centella asiatica, Ocimum basilcum, Cymbopogan citratus, Allium Cepa L and Mentha spicata were assessed by studying their antioxidant / cytotoxic / anti-angiogenic and antithrombotic properties. Free radical scavenging potential exihibited by the tested plant extracts is related to mechanisms of cytotoxicity, angiogenesis and thrombo-embolism. Antithrombotic activity testing demonstrated the inhibitory potential of the extracts to thrombin assay and thrombin-induced clotting time assay. Antiplatelet activity as determined by the platelet aggregation assay measured the ability of the tested plant extracts for the inhibition of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma of (PRP). Cytotoxicity index (CI)determined by performing the MTT assay revealed that there was a significant inhibition of percentage cell viability of HL60 cell lines treated with the plant extracts. The CI was found to increase with increasing dose tested in the plant extracts. The morphology of the HL60 cells treated with Ocimum basilica, Mentha spicata extracts at high concentrations (200, 100 µg/ml) indicated cell shrinkage and clumping, signs of apoptosis and inhibited cell growth. Ex vivo rat aortic assay were performed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity by determined the inhibitory effect on micro-vessel sprouting of the rat aortic ring. Hence the investigated plant extracts were able to suppress angiogenesis by markedly inhibiting the vessel growth sprouting from the rat aortic explants. Mentha spicata extract were found to inhibit the HUVEC cell growth stating the possible antiangio genic mechanism by the mode of inhibition of epithelial cell growth. The results clearly indicates the possibility of the plant extracts investigated, for further development to chemotherapeutic / anti-angiogenic and anti-thrombotic agents and warrants further studies in future.

Keywords
culinary herbs, therapeutic, anti-angiogenic,anti-thrombotic agents

Topic
Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/2JRmpVHdAnWP

Corresponding Author
Wida Purbaningsih

Institutions
a) Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
b) Farmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
c) Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung
d) Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
In the development of new drugs as candidates for cancer therapy agents, cytotoxictesting is needed as an initial screening to determine the effect of a natural substance ininhibiting tumor cell growth. One of the active compounds of flavonoid derivatives that are being studied as anticancer is a compound derived from Gynura divaricata extract. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the cytotoxic activity of flavonoid compounds from Gynura divaricata water extract on carcinoma mammae cell culture (T47D) and make comparisons with standard drugs for cancertherapy. Examination of cytotoxic activity was carried out on T47D cell line culture used MTT method. The absorbance of each well was measured with spectrophotometer at a wave length of 595 nm. The absorbance results was calculated to create a cytotoxic curve used Probhit analysis. Based on the cytotoxic curve, IC50 values of Gynura divaricata extract and doxorubicin were 102,32μg/mL and 10,30μg/mL respectively. Those showed thatGynura divaricata water extract have anti-cancer activity (IC50<200μg/mL)against carcinoma mammae cells culture (T47D) compare to doxorubicin. It was concluded that Gynura divaricata water extract were shown to have anticancer activity on carcinoma mammae cells culture (T47D), but not as strong as doxorubicin .

Keywords
Gynura divaricata, cytotoxic activity, carcinoma mammae

Topic
Drug Discoveries and Development

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M7PemDqkAvxU

Corresponding Author
Hilmi Sulaiman Rathomi

Institutions
(a) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung

Abstract
Sustainable development goals mandate all countries struggle to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence by up to 90%. One of the essential efforts for eliminating TB is doing preventive behaviours. This study aims to explore TB prevention behaviour and associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study carried by rapid survey method. We involved 210 residents of Rancakasumba village, one of the highest TB prevalence location in Bandung district. Data regarding behaviours and related determinants were obtained through a validated questionnaire. We analysed the data using STATA 13. As many as 51% of respondents have good TB prevention behaviour. The least common preventive behaviour is exercising regularly (19%), while 64% of respondents had done the most crucial preventive behaviour which is closing the mouth when coughing. Based on the chi-square test, the level of education and knowledge was the only factors that significantly related to prevention behaviour (p <0.001). While gender, occupation, income, and experience getting TB education did not have a meaningful relationship. It can be concluded that more than half of respondents have practised adequate TB prevention efforts, and there is a significant relationship between the level of education and respondents knowledge about TB with TB prevention behaviour.

Keywords
tuberculosis, preventive behaviour, rural health

Topic
Infectious and Non Infectious Diseases

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JT2nkHQwyZhB